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A. Minardo
Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma n.29, 81031 Aversa, Italy

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Communication
Published: 11 August 2021 in Chemosensors
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Nowadays, the development of simple, fast, and low-cost selective sensors to detect substances of interest is of great importance in several application fields. Among this kind of sensors, those based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) represent a promising category, since they are highly sensitive, versatile, and label-free. In this work, an SPR probe, based on a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) slab waveguide covered by a gold nanofilm, combined with a specific molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) receptor for bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein, has been realized and experimentally characterized. The obtained experimental results have shown a limit of detection (LOD) equal to about 8.5 × 10−9 M. This value is smaller than the one achieved by another SPR probe, based on a D-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF), functionalized with the same MIP receptor; more specifically, the obtained LOD was reduced by about three orders of magnitude with respect to the POF configuration. Moreover, concerning the D-shaped POF configuration, no manufacturing process is present in the proposed sensor configuration. In addition, fibers are used only to connect the simple sensor chip with a light source and a detector, promoting a bio-chemical sensing approach based on disposable, low-cost, and removable chips.

ACS Style

Francesco Arcadio; Luigi Zeni; Chiara Perri; Girolamo D’Agostino; Giudo Chiaretti; Giovanni Porto; Aldo Minardo; Nunzio Cennamo. Bovine Serum Albumin Protein Detection by a Removable SPR Chip Combined with a Specific MIP Receptor. Chemosensors 2021, 9, 218 .

AMA Style

Francesco Arcadio, Luigi Zeni, Chiara Perri, Girolamo D’Agostino, Giudo Chiaretti, Giovanni Porto, Aldo Minardo, Nunzio Cennamo. Bovine Serum Albumin Protein Detection by a Removable SPR Chip Combined with a Specific MIP Receptor. Chemosensors. 2021; 9 (8):218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Arcadio; Luigi Zeni; Chiara Perri; Girolamo D’Agostino; Giudo Chiaretti; Giovanni Porto; Aldo Minardo; Nunzio Cennamo. 2021. "Bovine Serum Albumin Protein Detection by a Removable SPR Chip Combined with a Specific MIP Receptor." Chemosensors 9, no. 8: 218.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Nanomaterials
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In a specific biosensing application, a nanoplasmonic sensor chip has been tested by an experimental setup based on an aluminum holder and two plastic optical fibers used to illuminate and collect the transmitted light. The studied plasmonic probe is based on gold nanograting, realized on the top of a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chip. The PMMA substrate could be considered as a transparent substrate and, in such a way, it has been already used in previous work. Alternatively, here it is regarded as a slab waveguide. In particular, we have deposited upon the slab surface, covered with a nanograting, a synthetic receptor specific for bovine serum albumin (BSA), to test the proposed biosensing approach. Exploiting this different experimental configuration, we have determined how the orientation of the nanostripes forming the grating pattern, with respect to the direction of the input light (longitudinal or orthogonal), influences the biosensing performances. For example, the best limit of detection (LOD) in the BSA detection that has been obtained is equal to 23 pM. Specifically, the longitudinal configuration is characterized by two observable plasmonic phenomena, each sensitive to a different BSA concentration range, ranging from pM to µM. This aspect plays a key role in several biochemical sensing applications, where a wide working range is required.

ACS Style

Francesco Arcadio; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo; Caterina Eramo; Stefania Di Ronza; Chiara Perri; Girolamo D’Agostino; Guido Chiaretti; Giovanni Porto; Nunzio Cennamo. A Nanoplasmonic-Based Biosensing Approach for Wide-Range and Highly Sensitive Detection of Chemicals. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1961 .

AMA Style

Francesco Arcadio, Luigi Zeni, Aldo Minardo, Caterina Eramo, Stefania Di Ronza, Chiara Perri, Girolamo D’Agostino, Guido Chiaretti, Giovanni Porto, Nunzio Cennamo. A Nanoplasmonic-Based Biosensing Approach for Wide-Range and Highly Sensitive Detection of Chemicals. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (8):1961.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Arcadio; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo; Caterina Eramo; Stefania Di Ronza; Chiara Perri; Girolamo D’Agostino; Guido Chiaretti; Giovanni Porto; Nunzio Cennamo. 2021. "A Nanoplasmonic-Based Biosensing Approach for Wide-Range and Highly Sensitive Detection of Chemicals." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8: 1961.

Communication
Published: 26 July 2021 in Sensors
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We demonstrate the use of a graded-index perfluorinated optical fiber (GI-POF) for distributed static and dynamic strain measurements based on Rayleigh scattering. The system is based on an amplitude-based phase-sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (ϕ-OTDR) configuration, operated at the unconventional wavelength of 850 nm. Static strain measurements have been carried out at a spatial resolution of 4 m and for a strain up to 3.5% by exploiting the increase of the backscatter Rayleigh coefficient consequent to the application of a tensile strain, while vibration/acoustic measurements have been demonstrated for a sampling frequency up to 833 Hz by exploiting the vibration-induced changes in the backscatter Rayleigh intensity time-domain traces arising from coherent interference within the pulse. The reported tests demonstrate that polymer optical fibers can be used for cost-effective multiparameter sensing.

ACS Style

Agnese Coscetta; Ester Catalano; Enis Cerri; Ricardo Oliveira; Lucia Bilro; Luigi Zeni; Nunzio Cennamo; Aldo Minardo. Distributed Static and Dynamic Strain Measurements in Polymer Optical Fibers by Rayleigh Scattering. Sensors 2021, 21, 5049 .

AMA Style

Agnese Coscetta, Ester Catalano, Enis Cerri, Ricardo Oliveira, Lucia Bilro, Luigi Zeni, Nunzio Cennamo, Aldo Minardo. Distributed Static and Dynamic Strain Measurements in Polymer Optical Fibers by Rayleigh Scattering. Sensors. 2021; 21 (15):5049.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnese Coscetta; Ester Catalano; Enis Cerri; Ricardo Oliveira; Lucia Bilro; Luigi Zeni; Nunzio Cennamo; Aldo Minardo. 2021. "Distributed Static and Dynamic Strain Measurements in Polymer Optical Fibers by Rayleigh Scattering." Sensors 21, no. 15: 5049.

Conference paper
Published: 11 May 2021 in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
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In this work, we propose the use of Coherent Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (C-OTDR) in order to discriminate the medium surrounding one or more Co2+-doped fiber sections. The proposed approach can be used to perform vibration measurements along the whole fiber by means of C-OTDR measurements at 850 nm, as well as liquid detection in selected positions by active thermometry at 1550 nm. By pumping the fiber with a modulated optical pump, the induced fiber temperature modulation is monitored through C-OTDR, as the latter is sensitive to optical phase changes occurring along the sensing fiber. As the induced phase modulation (i.e. the C-OTDR signal) is affected by the thermal conductivity of the surrounding medium, the latter can be retrieved from the phase signal. In our tests, a 5 Hz modulation frequency was chosen to discriminate between air, water, and acetone.

ACS Style

A. Coscetta; E. Catalano; E. Cerri; N. Cennamo; L. Zeni; A. Minardo. Distributed Acoustic Sensor for Liquid Detection Based on Optically Heated CO2+-Doped Fibers. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2021, 101 -105.

AMA Style

A. Coscetta, E. Catalano, E. Cerri, N. Cennamo, L. Zeni, A. Minardo. Distributed Acoustic Sensor for Liquid Detection Based on Optically Heated CO2+-Doped Fibers. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 2021; ():101-105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Coscetta; E. Catalano; E. Cerri; N. Cennamo; L. Zeni; A. Minardo. 2021. "Distributed Acoustic Sensor for Liquid Detection Based on Optically Heated CO2+-Doped Fibers." Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering , no. : 101-105.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2021 in Applied Optics
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In this paper, we demonstrate automatic vehicle detection and counting by processing data acquired using a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (ϕ-OTDR) distributed optical fiber sensor. The acquired data are processed using the Hough transform, which detects the lines in the images formed by representing the acquired data in the space-time domain. A rough classification of the vehicles (heavy versus light vehicles) is also proposed, based on the amplitude of the vibration data along the detected lines. The method has been experimentally tested by performing ϕ-OTDR measurements along a telecommunication fiber cable running in a buried conduit along the state road SS18 (province of Salerno, Italy), opened to normal traffic. Comparison with ground-truth data, manually generated by inspecting video recordings, allowed us to estimate a vehicle detection success rate up to 73%, while heavy vehicles were fully detected.

ACS Style

Ester Catalano; Agnese Coscetta; Enis Cerri; Nunzio Cennamo; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo. Automatic traffic monitoring by ϕ-OTDR data and Hough transform in a real-field environment. Applied Optics 2021, 60, 3579 -3584.

AMA Style

Ester Catalano, Agnese Coscetta, Enis Cerri, Nunzio Cennamo, Luigi Zeni, Aldo Minardo. Automatic traffic monitoring by ϕ-OTDR data and Hough transform in a real-field environment. Applied Optics. 2021; 60 (13):3579-3584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ester Catalano; Agnese Coscetta; Enis Cerri; Nunzio Cennamo; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo. 2021. "Automatic traffic monitoring by ϕ-OTDR data and Hough transform in a real-field environment." Applied Optics 60, no. 13: 3579-3584.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2021 in Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
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In this work, an unconventional light-diffusing fiber (LDF) plasmonic platform is exploited to efficiently monitor a bio-interaction. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-LDF sensor is used to detect the immunoglobulin G (IgG)/anti-IgG interaction as exemplifying bioassay. The IgG bioreceptor was deposited on the gold surface of the SPR-LDF platform, and the biological target was transported through a customized thermo-stabilized flow cell by means of a buffer fluid. Moreover, to test the usability of the proposed SPR-LDF biosensor also for immunosensing in complex matrices, a second assay was conducted by immobilizing anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) and detecting different concentrations of CRP in human serum. An innovative data analysis approach for the extraction of the best value of the resonance wavelength was developed and applied. The obtained results reveal that the unconventional platform represented by the LDF can be successfully exploited for the implementation of SPR-based biosensors with very good performances, also when compared to more common SPR systems.

ACS Style

Nunzio Cennamo; Cosimo Trono; Ambra Giannetti; Francesco Baldini; Aldo Minardo; Luigi Zeni; Sara Tombelli. Biosensors exploiting unconventional platforms: The case of plasmonic light-diffusing fibers. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2021, 337, 129771 .

AMA Style

Nunzio Cennamo, Cosimo Trono, Ambra Giannetti, Francesco Baldini, Aldo Minardo, Luigi Zeni, Sara Tombelli. Biosensors exploiting unconventional platforms: The case of plasmonic light-diffusing fibers. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 2021; 337 ():129771.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nunzio Cennamo; Cosimo Trono; Ambra Giannetti; Francesco Baldini; Aldo Minardo; Luigi Zeni; Sara Tombelli. 2021. "Biosensors exploiting unconventional platforms: The case of plasmonic light-diffusing fibers." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 337, no. : 129771.

Journal article
Published: 10 February 2021 in Optics Express
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We demonstrate a two-wavelength differential-phase-measuring OTDR sensor that uses perfect periodic correlation phase codes to enhance the measurement performance. The two-wavelength technique extends the measurement range of OTDR sensors by synthesizing a virtual longer-wavelength measurement from two simultaneous measurements of phase using different lasers. This increases the range free from phase unwrapping errors. However, we find that the application of this technique greatly increases the relative measurement noise. To compensate for this issue, we introduce the use of optical pulse compression using perfect periodic correlation phase codes to increase the measurement signal-to-noise ratio and also to facilitate the simultaneous compensation of Rayleigh and polarization fading. In addition, we apply a method to further reduce the relative noise that is added to the two-wavelength measurement by using the synthetic wavelength measurement to unwrap the differential phase measured with a single wavelength. All this is highlighted in a 1-km sensing link in which up to 20-cm spatial resolution and 12.6 pϵ/Hz strain sensitivity are demonstrated as well as a 67-fold enhancement in measurement range compared with the use of the conventional single-wavelength method.

ACS Style

Mikel Sagues; Enrique Piñeiro; Enis Cerri; Aldo Minardo; Avishay Eyal; Alayn Loayssa. Two-wavelength phase-sensitive OTDR sensor using perfect periodic correlation codes for measurement range enhancement, noise reduction and fading compensation. Optics Express 2021, 29, 6021 -6035.

AMA Style

Mikel Sagues, Enrique Piñeiro, Enis Cerri, Aldo Minardo, Avishay Eyal, Alayn Loayssa. Two-wavelength phase-sensitive OTDR sensor using perfect periodic correlation codes for measurement range enhancement, noise reduction and fading compensation. Optics Express. 2021; 29 (4):6021-6035.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikel Sagues; Enrique Piñeiro; Enis Cerri; Aldo Minardo; Avishay Eyal; Alayn Loayssa. 2021. "Two-wavelength phase-sensitive OTDR sensor using perfect periodic correlation codes for measurement range enhancement, noise reduction and fading compensation." Optics Express 29, no. 4: 6021-6035.

Review
Published: 01 October 2020 in Sensors
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Over the past three decades, extensive research activity on Brillouin scattering-based distributed optical fiber sensors has led to the availability of commercial instruments capable of measuring the static temperature/strain distribution over kilometer distances and with high spatial resolution, with applications typically covering structural and environmental monitoring. At the same time, the interest in dynamic measurements has rapidly grown due to the relevant number of applications which could benefit from this technology, including structural analysis for defect identification, vibration detection, railway traffic monitoring, shock events detection, and so on. In this paper, we present an overview of the recent advances in Brillouin-based distributed optical fiber sensors for dynamic sensing. The aspects of the Brillouin scattering process relevant in distributed dynamic measurements are analyzed, and the different techniques are compared in terms of performance and hardware complexity.

ACS Style

Agnese Coscetta; Aldo Minardo; Luigi Zeni. Distributed Dynamic Strain Sensing Based on Brillouin Scattering in Optical Fibers. Sensors 2020, 20, 5629 .

AMA Style

Agnese Coscetta, Aldo Minardo, Luigi Zeni. Distributed Dynamic Strain Sensing Based on Brillouin Scattering in Optical Fibers. Sensors. 2020; 20 (19):5629.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnese Coscetta; Aldo Minardo; Luigi Zeni. 2020. "Distributed Dynamic Strain Sensing Based on Brillouin Scattering in Optical Fibers." Sensors 20, no. 19: 5629.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2020 in Applied Sciences
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In this work, we have compared several configurations of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors based on D-shaped tapered plastic optical fibers (TPOFs). Particularly, the TPOFs used to obtain the SPR sensors are made by a lab-built system based on two motorized linear positioning stages and a heating plate. Preliminarily, a comparative analysis has been carried out between two different configurations, one with and one without a thin buffer layer deposited between the core of TPOFs and the gold film. After this preliminary step, we have used the simpler configuration, obtained without the buffer layer, to realize different SPR D-shaped TPOF sensors. This study could be of interest in SPR D-shaped multimode plastic optical fiber (POF) sensors because, without the tapers, the performances decrease when the POF’s diameter decreases, whereas the performances improve in SPR D-shaped tapered POF sensors, where the diameter decreases in the D-shaped sensing area. The performances of the SPR sensors based on different taper ratios have been analyzed and compared. The SPR-TPOF sensors have been tested using water–glycerin mixtures with refractive indices ranging from 1.332 to 1.381 RIU. According to the theory, the experimental results have demonstrated that, as the taper ratio increases, the sensitivity of the SPR sensor increases as well, while on the contrary the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases.

ACS Style

Nunzio Cennamo; Francesco Arcadio; Aldo Minardo; Domenico Montemurro; Luigi Zeni. Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Sensors Based on Lab-Built Tapered Plastic Optical Fibers. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4389 .

AMA Style

Nunzio Cennamo, Francesco Arcadio, Aldo Minardo, Domenico Montemurro, Luigi Zeni. Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Sensors Based on Lab-Built Tapered Plastic Optical Fibers. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (12):4389.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nunzio Cennamo; Francesco Arcadio; Aldo Minardo; Domenico Montemurro; Luigi Zeni. 2020. "Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Sensors Based on Lab-Built Tapered Plastic Optical Fibers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12: 4389.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2020 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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In this paper, we propose a dual wavelength scheme for the detection of liquids based on optically absorbing (Co2+-doped) optical fibers. The proposed configuration makes use of a Coherent-Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (C-OTDR) operating with standard fibers at 850 nm. Besides vibration measurements over all the sensing fiber, the proposed scheme performs liquid detection in short sections of Co2+-doped fibers, heated by a modulated optical pump at 1550 nm. We demonstrate that the proposed sensor detects the liquids surrounding the doped fiber, such as water or acetone.

ACS Style

A. Coscetta; E. Catalano; E. Cerri; N. Cennamo; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo. A C-OTDR Sensor for Liquid Detection Based on Optically Heated Co2+-Doped Fibers. IEEE Sensors Journal 2020, 20, 10154 -10158.

AMA Style

A. Coscetta, E. Catalano, E. Cerri, N. Cennamo, Luigi Zeni, Aldo Minardo. A C-OTDR Sensor for Liquid Detection Based on Optically Heated Co2+-Doped Fibers. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2020; 20 (17):10154-10158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Coscetta; E. Catalano; E. Cerri; N. Cennamo; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo. 2020. "A C-OTDR Sensor for Liquid Detection Based on Optically Heated Co2+-Doped Fibers." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 17: 10154-10158.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2020 in Applied Optics
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In this paper, we analyze the performance of a distributed acoustic sensor at two different interrogation wavelengths. We show theoretically that, in a coherent optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) operating at 850 nm, the dynamic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is enhanced, compared to an identical configuration operating at 1550 nm. Such enhancement is maximum at the interrogating pulse input section, while decreasing along the fiber in virtue of the higher loss. Experimental tests, carried out using two heterodyne C-OTDR detection schemes operating at the analyzed wavelengths, confirm the SNR improvement.

ACS Style

Agnese Coscetta; Ester Catalano; Enis Cerri; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo. Theoretical and experimental comparison of a distributed acoustic sensor at 850- and 1550-nm wavelengths. Applied Optics 2020, 59, 2219 -2224.

AMA Style

Agnese Coscetta, Ester Catalano, Enis Cerri, Luigi Zeni, Aldo Minardo. Theoretical and experimental comparison of a distributed acoustic sensor at 850- and 1550-nm wavelengths. Applied Optics. 2020; 59 (8):2219-2224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnese Coscetta; Ester Catalano; Enis Cerri; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo. 2020. "Theoretical and experimental comparison of a distributed acoustic sensor at 850- and 1550-nm wavelengths." Applied Optics 59, no. 8: 2219-2224.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2019 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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ACS Style

A. Coscetta; E. Catalano; E. Cerri; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo. A Dual-Wavelength Scheme for Brillouin Temperature Sensing in Optically Heated Co2+-Doped Fibers. IEEE Sensors Journal 2019, 20, 1349 -1354.

AMA Style

A. Coscetta, E. Catalano, E. Cerri, Luigi Zeni, Aldo Minardo. A Dual-Wavelength Scheme for Brillouin Temperature Sensing in Optically Heated Co2+-Doped Fibers. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2019; 20 (3):1349-1354.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Coscetta; E. Catalano; E. Cerri; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo. 2019. "A Dual-Wavelength Scheme for Brillouin Temperature Sensing in Optically Heated Co2+-Doped Fibers." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 3: 1349-1354.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2019 in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters
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In this paper, we demonstrate a simple technique aimed to enhance the accuracy in dark-pulse Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors. Modelling the stimulated Brillouin scattering in the frequency domain, we show that the degrading features related to the pump background can be removed by applying a high-pass filter to the raw data, at the cost of some degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio. A numerical analysis, as well as experimental tests carried out at 20-cm spatial resolution, validate the proposed technique.

ACS Style

A. Coscetta; E. Catalano; E. Cerri; L. Zeni; A. Minardo. High-Pass Filtering for Accuracy Enhancement in Dark-Pulse Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2019, 31, 1213 -1216.

AMA Style

A. Coscetta, E. Catalano, E. Cerri, L. Zeni, A. Minardo. High-Pass Filtering for Accuracy Enhancement in Dark-Pulse Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 2019; 31 (15):1213-1216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Coscetta; E. Catalano; E. Cerri; L. Zeni; A. Minardo. 2019. "High-Pass Filtering for Accuracy Enhancement in Dark-Pulse Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 31, no. 15: 1213-1216.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2019 in Fibers
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We have investigated, in a numerical and experimental way, a refractive index (RI) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in a silver-coated light-diffusing fiber (LDF). The experimental tests were conducted using water-glycerine mixtures with refractive indices ranging from 1.332 to 1.388. In the considered refractive index range, the experimental results show a sensitivity of the SPR wavelength to the outer medium’s RI ranging from 2600 to 4700 nm/RIU, which is larger than the sensitivity recently reported for a gold-coated LDF sensor (1200 to 4000nm/RIU). The silver-coated sensor is also shown to ensure a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to the gold-coated sensor.

ACS Style

Nunzio Cennamo; Luigi Zeni; Francesco Arcadio; Ester Catalano; Aldo Minardo. A Novel Approach to Realizing Low-Cost Plasmonic Optical Fiber Sensors: Light-Diffusing Fibers Covered by Thin Metal Films. Fibers 2019, 7, 34 .

AMA Style

Nunzio Cennamo, Luigi Zeni, Francesco Arcadio, Ester Catalano, Aldo Minardo. A Novel Approach to Realizing Low-Cost Plasmonic Optical Fiber Sensors: Light-Diffusing Fibers Covered by Thin Metal Films. Fibers. 2019; 7 (4):34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nunzio Cennamo; Luigi Zeni; Francesco Arcadio; Ester Catalano; Aldo Minardo. 2019. "A Novel Approach to Realizing Low-Cost Plasmonic Optical Fiber Sensors: Light-Diffusing Fibers Covered by Thin Metal Films." Fibers 7, no. 4: 34.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in Sensors
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Centrifugal model tests, which can reproduce the deformation process of the slope, play a crucial role in investigating the mechanism of slope failure. The FBG-based sensors, with high precision, electromagnetic resistance, light weight and small size, have been introduced into geotechnical centrifuge monitoring. The slope evolution is a complex multi-parameter dynamic process which involves the interaction of displacement, stress and strain. However, current research is mainly focused on one or two monitoring aspects, i.e., strain or displacement monitoring to study some specific questions. To achieve multi-parameter and real-time monitoring, a comprehensive fiber Bragg grating (FBG) monitoring system including miniaturized anchors, earth pressure gauges, inclinometer pipe and retaining wall, has been designed for geotechnical centrifuge tests. Before the centrifugal test, laboratory calibrations of sensors were carried out. The calibration results indicate that the FBG-based sensors can monitor the strain, stress and displacement variation precisely. The multi-parameter information related to slope stability were captured and analyzed in detail. The stress state of the anchors, strain distribution of retaining wall together with the displacement of the inclinometer pipe indicate the progressive evolutionary process of the model slope. The test results also indicate that the critical centrifugal force for the transition of the sliding surface is 45 g, after which, a sliding surface is formed in the soil above the retaining wall. The feasibility and validity of the monitoring system is verified by a comparison between the results of FBG-based sensors and those of a numerical simulation. In summary, the innovative FBG-based monitoring system has provided a feasible multi-parameter monitoring method in geotechnical centrifugal tests so as to facilitate further in-depth analysis.

ACS Style

Lei Zhang; Bin Shi; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo; Honghu Zhu; Lixiang Jia. An Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Monitoring System for Slope Deformation Studies in Geotechnical Centrifuges. Sensors 2019, 19, 1591 .

AMA Style

Lei Zhang, Bin Shi, Luigi Zeni, Aldo Minardo, Honghu Zhu, Lixiang Jia. An Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Monitoring System for Slope Deformation Studies in Geotechnical Centrifuges. Sensors. 2019; 19 (7):1591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Zhang; Bin Shi; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo; Honghu Zhu; Lixiang Jia. 2019. "An Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Monitoring System for Slope Deformation Studies in Geotechnical Centrifuges." Sensors 19, no. 7: 1591.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2019 in Sensors
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Monitoring volcanic phenomena is a key question, for both volcanological research and for civil protection purposes. This is particularly true in densely populated volcanic areas, like the Campi Flegrei caldera, which includes part of the large city of Naples (Italy). Borehole monitoring of volcanoes is the most promising way to improve classical methods of surface monitoring, although not commonly applied yet. Fiber optics technology is the most practical and suitable way to operate in such high temperature and aggressive environmental conditions. In this paper, we describe a fiber optics Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) sensor, which has been designed to continuously measure temperature all along a 500 m. deep well drilled in the west side of Naples (Bagnoli area), lying in the Campi Flegrei volcanic area. It has then been installed as part of the international ‘Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling Project’, and is continuously operating, giving insight on the time variation of temperature along the whole borehole depth. Such continuous monitoring of temperature can in turn indicate volcanic processes linked to magma dynamics and/or to changes in the hydrothermal system. The developed monitoring system, working at bottom temperatures higher than 100 °C, demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using DTS for borehole volcanic monitoring.

ACS Style

Renato Somma; Claudia Troise; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo; Alessandro Fedele; Maurizio Mirabile; Giuseppe De Natale. Long-Term Monitoring with Fiber Optics Distributed Temperature Sensing at Campi Flegrei: The Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling Project. Sensors 2019, 19, 1009 .

AMA Style

Renato Somma, Claudia Troise, Luigi Zeni, Aldo Minardo, Alessandro Fedele, Maurizio Mirabile, Giuseppe De Natale. Long-Term Monitoring with Fiber Optics Distributed Temperature Sensing at Campi Flegrei: The Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling Project. Sensors. 2019; 19 (5):1009.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renato Somma; Claudia Troise; Luigi Zeni; Aldo Minardo; Alessandro Fedele; Maurizio Mirabile; Giuseppe De Natale. 2019. "Long-Term Monitoring with Fiber Optics Distributed Temperature Sensing at Campi Flegrei: The Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling Project." Sensors 19, no. 5: 1009.

Journal article
Published: 29 January 2019 in Geosciences
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Slope failure is a complex process which depends on several factors concerning nature and properties of soil, slope morphology and structure, past stress history, groundwater regime, boundary conditions, and their changes. As a consequence, the mechanism of slope failure is typically characterized by the development of a highly non-uniform strain field, which does not allow an easy prediction of the failure conditions. Usually, the process which will bring the slope to final collapse starts with local soil failure, which then leads to formation and propagation of a shear zone, and finally to general slope failure. This mechanical process is called progressive failure. However, in spite of the progresses in the knowledge of the slope behavior, a complete framework about the progressive failure is still missing; in particular, information about the response of granular unsaturated sloping soils is very poor. This paper reports the results of a couple of small-scale experiments on slopes reconstituted with unsaturated pyroclastic soils and subjected to continuous rainfall. The use of miniaturized sensors and optical fibers provided useful data to read some aspects of the mechanics of failure.

ACS Style

Reza Darban; Emilia Damiano; Aldo Minardo; Lucio Olivares; Luciano Picarelli; Luigi Zeni. An Experimental Investigation on the Progressive Failure of Unsaturated Granular Slopes. Geosciences 2019, 9, 63 .

AMA Style

Reza Darban, Emilia Damiano, Aldo Minardo, Lucio Olivares, Luciano Picarelli, Luigi Zeni. An Experimental Investigation on the Progressive Failure of Unsaturated Granular Slopes. Geosciences. 2019; 9 (2):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reza Darban; Emilia Damiano; Aldo Minardo; Lucio Olivares; Luciano Picarelli; Luigi Zeni. 2019. "An Experimental Investigation on the Progressive Failure of Unsaturated Granular Slopes." Geosciences 9, no. 2: 63.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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Undesired presence of water in historical masonries has a negative effect on the walls and causes deterioration of decorative works covering the walls, such as frescoes and valuable plasters. To prevent this, non-invasive moisture measurements are needed that avoid damage during masonry inspection caused by sample taking or probe insertion. Active heated distributed temperature sensing (DTS) with optical fibres is widely used in hydrology to assess soil moisture content. The aim of this study is to examine the potential of this technique for non-invasive water content measurements in a real scale wall. The tested masonry is made of yellow Neapolitan tuff bricks, a material widely used in historical buildings of Campania (Southern Italy). Distributed temperature measurements are carried out with three different heating strategies (different power and duration) during the drying process following the complete saturation of the wall. The acquired temperature data are then processed with three different methods (estimators), so to identify the best combination of heating strategy and data processing approach. Despite the presence of a significant bias, it is possible to identify relationships between the gravimetric moisture content and the different estimators. Those relationships are influenced to a large degree by the thermal contact between the DTS cable and the masonry. This research shows it is possible to measure water content in tuff masonry using non-invasive active heated fibre optic cable when establishing good thermal contact between the cable and the masonry.

ACS Style

Rosa Agliata; Thom Bogaard; Roberto Greco; Aldo Minardo; Luigi Mollo; Susan C. Steele-Dunne. Non-invasive water content estimation in a tuff wall by DTS. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 197, 821 -829.

AMA Style

Rosa Agliata, Thom Bogaard, Roberto Greco, Aldo Minardo, Luigi Mollo, Susan C. Steele-Dunne. Non-invasive water content estimation in a tuff wall by DTS. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 197 ():821-829.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosa Agliata; Thom Bogaard; Roberto Greco; Aldo Minardo; Luigi Mollo; Susan C. Steele-Dunne. 2018. "Non-invasive water content estimation in a tuff wall by DTS." Construction and Building Materials 197, no. : 821-829.

Technical note
Published: 15 August 2018 in Remote Sensing
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This work reports on the application of a distributed fiber-optic strain sensor for long-term monitoring of a railway tunnel affected by an active earthflow. The sensor has been applied to detect the strain distribution along an optical fiber attached along the two walls of the tunnel. The experimental results, relative to a two-year monitoring campaign, demonstrate that the sensor is able to detect localized strains, identify their location along the tunnel walls, and follow their temporal evolution.

ACS Style

Aldo Minardo; Ester Catalano; Agnese Coscetta; Giovanni Zeni; Lei Zhang; Caterina Di Maio; Roberto Vassallo; Roberto Coviello; Giuseppe Macchia; Luciano Picarelli; Luigi Zeni. Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors for the Monitoring of a Tunnel Crossing a Landslide. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1291 .

AMA Style

Aldo Minardo, Ester Catalano, Agnese Coscetta, Giovanni Zeni, Lei Zhang, Caterina Di Maio, Roberto Vassallo, Roberto Coviello, Giuseppe Macchia, Luciano Picarelli, Luigi Zeni. Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors for the Monitoring of a Tunnel Crossing a Landslide. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (8):1291.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aldo Minardo; Ester Catalano; Agnese Coscetta; Giovanni Zeni; Lei Zhang; Caterina Di Maio; Roberto Vassallo; Roberto Coviello; Giuseppe Macchia; Luciano Picarelli; Luigi Zeni. 2018. "Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors for the Monitoring of a Tunnel Crossing a Landslide." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8: 1291.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Current Applied Physics
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ACS Style

Furio Cascetta; Alessandro Lo Schiavo; Aldo Minardo; Marilena Musto; Giuseppe Rotondo; Alessio Calcagni. Analysis of the energy extracted by a harvester based on a piezoelectric tile. Current Applied Physics 2018, 18, 905 -911.

AMA Style

Furio Cascetta, Alessandro Lo Schiavo, Aldo Minardo, Marilena Musto, Giuseppe Rotondo, Alessio Calcagni. Analysis of the energy extracted by a harvester based on a piezoelectric tile. Current Applied Physics. 2018; 18 (8):905-911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Furio Cascetta; Alessandro Lo Schiavo; Aldo Minardo; Marilena Musto; Giuseppe Rotondo; Alessio Calcagni. 2018. "Analysis of the energy extracted by a harvester based on a piezoelectric tile." Current Applied Physics 18, no. 8: 905-911.