Small to medium-sized enterprises suffer from loss of competitive advantage, low productivity, and poor performance because of inadequate competencies. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of selected motivational dimensions (i.e., self-improvement, self-confidence, openness to change, pull factors, and the need for achievement) on entrepreneurial competency among micro-entrepreneurs. We used a cross-sectional design and collected quantitative data from 403 micro-entrepreneurs in Malaysia using random sampling. SEM-PLS was used for data analysis. The findings revealed that self-confidence, openness to change, and pull factors positively influenced entrepreneurial competencies. Moreover, there was a positive effect of self-confidence, pull factors, need for achievement, and entrepreneurial competency on enterprise sustainability performance. Furthermore, entrepreneurial competencies significantly mediated the effect of self-confidence, openness to change, and pull factors on enterprise sustainability performance. Apart from extending the lens of a resource-based view, this study enriches enterprise sustainability literature from emerging nations’ perspective. Policymakers can strengthen their programs and policies to improve the entrepreneurial competencies of micro-entrepreneurs and their business sustainability.

The aim of the study is to investigate the quality of neural machine translation (NMT) and that of large language models (LLMs). The research team uses Google Translate and ChatGPT in the translation of various selected scientific texts. They provide an evaluation of the translation outputs. Both an error analysis and human evaluation are provided by professional annotators. The error analysis is provided based on the typology of errors introduced by Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM). A professional evaluation is also provided using a 7-point Likert scale. The professional annotators provide an evaluation on the document level. Both the evaluation and the number of errors show that Google Translate outperforms ChatGPT. However, the results indicate that both systems still require a lot of training. It is also suggested that annotated corpora need to be constructed. The study provides invaluable insights on the strength and weakness of the systems under study which will be beneficial for translators, researchers and developers of machine translations.

While entrepreneurship continues to gain significance worldwide as a means for economic development and a tool for youth employment, coffee cultivation entrepreneurial intention becomes an essential goal to investigate and a necessary instrument. Accordingly, this research investigates the role of external factors, namely Access to Finance (ATF), Structural and Institutional Support (SIS), Physical Infrastructure Support (PIS), Social Influence (SIF) and Education and Training (ET), in stimulating Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intention (CFEI) among potential entrepreneurs (students). A sample of 318 participants from various universities in Saudi Arabia responded to an online questionnaire, forming the basis for analysis using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The study reported different findings, such as a positive relationship between CFEI and other factors, namely PIS, SIF and ET. However, the study found no positive connection between ATF, SIS and CFEI. The study concluded by providing actionable recommendations for policymakers about stimulating coffee farming among students and contributing to the economic development process and youth employment. It also assists in the establishment of sustainable business environments for future generations.

The study focuses on the gender-related issues that face English-Arabic machine translation. It aims to investigate and evaluate gender accuracy in the translations provided by two prominent large language models, Gemini and ChatGPT, recognizing the rich morphological system of Arabic that includes gender marking. The researchers develops a test suite to evaluate gender accuracy in the translation outputs of Gemini and ChatGPT. The evaluation is performed by two professional annotators. That is followed by an analysis of the patterns of the gender-related issues that appear in the translation outputs of the models under study. The results show that Gemini outperformed ChatGPT in almost every aspect when it comes to gender-related translation issues. Both the number of the annotated issues as well as the gender accuracy evaluation came in favor of Gemini. The study introduced different patterns of gender-related translation issues. It also provides recommendations for future research.

This study explores Margaret Atwood’s The Testaments through Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism and polyphony to examine how multiple narrative voices articulate resistance against Gilead’s totalitarian regime. The purpose is to demonstrate how Atwood’s use of diverse narrators transforms rebellion into a dialogic process that challenges monologic authority. Employing a qualitative analytical approach grounded in Bakhtinian criticism, the paper interprets the perspectives of Aunt Lydia, Agnes, and Daisy as independent yet interrelated voices. Through textual analysis, the study identifies how Atwood’s polyphonic design allows each narrator to speak autonomously while engaging in a dynamic exchange with the others, thereby dismantling the dominance of a single authoritative discourse. The findings indicate that The Testaments functions as a polyphonic novel where meaning arises through interaction rather than authorial control. Rebellion becomes a collective act voiced through multiple, autonomous consciousnesses. The dialogic exchange among narrators illustrates Bakhtin’s belief that truth is relational and plural, never confined to a single viewpoint. This study contributes to Bakhtinian literary criticism by showing how Atwood’s narrative form embodies dialogic rebellion. It also provides a model for understanding reality through multiplicity and diversity of voice. Finally, it demonstrates the power of literature to resist ideological domination by allowing distinct voices to coexist, converse, and challenge oppressive authority.