Recycled rubber (RR) and recycled spiral steel fiber (RSSF) were added to plain concrete (PC) to prepare recycled spiral steel fiber rubber concrete (SSFRC) with matrix strengths of C30, C40, and C50. Strength tests on the PC, rubber concrete (RC), and SSFRC were carried out, including the cube compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. The effects of RSSF and RR on the mechanical properties of concrete were analyzed. Simultaneously, the stress–strain curve of the SSFRC was obtained through axial compressive testing, and the toughness of SSFRC was evaluated by three indexes: the tensile compression ratio, bending compression ratio, and toughness index. The results show that adding RR to PC results in a decrease in the mechanical properties of concrete with different matrix strengths, and the addition of RSSF can make up for the strength loss of the rubber. The mechanical strength of SSFRC with different matrix strengths increased first and then decreased with the increase in RSSF content. The cubic compressive strength reached its peak value when the content of RSSF was 1%, and the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength reach their peak values when the content of RSSF was 1.5%. RSSF works best with rubber particles at the right dosage to further increase the toughness of the concrete. When the rubber content is 10%, and the RSSF content is 1.5%, the mechanical strength enhancement effect of SSFRC is at its best, and the toughness is also at its best.

To explore the axial compressive mechanical properties of steel tube recycled steel fiber reinforced concrete short columns (STRSFRCSCs), axial compression tests were conducted on ten STRSFRCSCs and two steel tube reinforced concrete short columns (STRCSCs), mainly analyzing the effects of recycled steel fiber (RSF) content, steel content, and concrete strength grade on their mechanical properties. The results showed that different RSF contents had no significant effect on the failure mode of the specimens, while the concrete strength grade and steel content had a significant effect on the failure mode. When the steel content was 2.84%, the specimens experienced shear failure, while when the steel content was 4.24%, they experienced waist drum failure. As the RSF content increased, the peak strain during the loading process of the specimens decreased, and the transverse deformation coefficient at the peak decreased. The addition of RSF significantly improved the ductility performance of the specimens. When the volume fraction of RSF was 2%, the bearing capacity of the specimens increased the most, reaching 13.4%, and the ductility coefficient gradually increased. The axial compressive bearing capacity and combined elastic modulus of the specimens increased with the increase in concrete strength grade, RSF content, and steel content.