In the context of growing demand for road infrastructure expansion, sustainability is of key importance. Enhancing road construction technology ensures efficient, durable transportation infrastructure, vital for economic growth. Responsible road construction, especially in areas of historical and environmental significance, is essential. Preserving ecosystems and local heritage in road planning protects valuable areas and supports regional sustainability. Rural roads, often in forested areas, should maintain natural aesthetics. Economic challenges require flexible, efficient roads. Many existing unpaved roads, especially in rural and forest environments, fail to meet increasing traffic and load of heavy agricultural and maintenance vehicles. Soil stabilization methods, discussed in various publications, offer sustainable solutions. Research on ecofriendly binding additives provides the opportunity to reduce cement consumption and CO₂ emissions. Such innovations enhance road efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and benefit the environment. Investing in modern road technologies mitigates climate change effects by reducing emissions and protecting ecosystems. Our research indicates that soil stabilization technologies significantly improve road strength and durability. Additives can increase compressive strength by over 50% with minimal cement content. Continued research into road quality and durability is vital for sustainable transport infrastructure development. The results presented in this paper were obtained after two periods of solidification: after 7 and 30 days, with three types of ads (ion-exchangeable, chemical, and polymeric) to cement. In all tests, compaction strength improved by at least 35% in samples with the lowest cement content.

Implementing rain garden (RG) designs is widespread worldwide to reduce peak flow rates, promote stormwater infiltration, and treat pollutants. However, inadequate RG design degrades its hydrological behaviour, requiring the development and validation of an appropriate hydrological model for the design and analysis of structures. This study aimed to improve a hydrological infiltration model based on Darcy’s law by taking into account the height of the water column (HWC) at the surface of the RG and the filtration coefficients of soil materials. The model was tested by simulating the hydrological characteristics of a rain garden based on a single rain event of critical intensity (36 mm/h). Using the validated model, design curves were obtained that predict the performance of the RG as a function of the main design parameters of the structure: water column height, ratio of catchment area to structure area, layer thickness, and soil filtration coefficient. The hydrological efficiency of the RG was evaluated in terms of the time of complete saturation, filling of the structure with water, and determining the change in HWC caused by changes in the parameters. The filtration coefficient and thickness of the upper and intermediate infiltration layers of the RG are the main parameters that affect the depth of saturation of the layers of the structure and the HWC on the surface. The model is not very sensitive to the model parameters related to the lower gravel layer. If the top layer’s thickness increases by 10 cm, it takes longer to fill the structure with water, and the HWC on the surface reaches 0.341 m. The rain garden’s performance improves when the filtration coefficient of the top layer is 7.0 cm/h. Complete saturation and filling of the structure with rainwater do not occur within 7200 s, and the water column reaches a height of 0.342 m at this filtration coefficient. However, the rain garden’s effectiveness decreases if the filtration coefficient of the upper and intermediate layers exceeds 15 cm/h and 25 cm/h, respectively, or if the catchment area to RG area ratio decreases to values below 15. The modelling results confirm that considering the HWC in RG hydrological models is essential for designing structures to minimise the risk of overflow during intense rainfall events.

Dynamicznie rosnące ceny robót drogowych i mostowych wymuszają konieczność waloryzacji kosztów wykonania robót budowlanych. Poniższy artykuł prezentuje przykład szacowania wartości waloryzacji ceny wybranej inwestycji drogowej w oparciu o wskaźniki cen robót budowlanych obiektów drogowych i mostowych w latach 2018-2022 z podziałem na: – drogę wojewódzką jednojezdniową klasy G przebiegającą na obszarze miejskim z zatokami, – rondo z wyspą środkową oraz jednokierunkowe jezdnie wokół wyspy, – chodnik dwujezdniowy na obszarze miejskim przebiegający po istniejącym terenie, – most drogowy o konstrukcji ustroju niosącego z betonu sprężonego „na mokro”, belkowy, wieloprzęsłowy, a także z uwzględnieniem robót związanych z wykonywaniem przepustów pod zjazdami. Wyniki badań dowodzą, że w okresie obejmującym lata 2021-2022 wystąpiły wysokie wzrosty cen robót związanych z budową obiektów drogowych i mostowych, których nie można było przewidzieć na etapie składania oferty. Uzyskane na skutek analiz wskaźniki waloryzacji ceny mogą stanowić podstawę do renegocjacji warunków umowy między inwestorem i wykonawcą budowy.

Green structures, buildings incorporating living plants, offer numerous benefits, including carbon sequestration and improved indoor air quality. (1) However, the effective design and analysis of these structures are hindered by a lack of standardised methodologies. This work proposes a novel four-zone method for instantaneous gas exchange testing in green structures. (2) The method involves estimating gas exchange by measuring gas content at the plant zone’s entrance and exit, with individual CO₂ content measurements within the zone to account for inertia and stratification effects exacerbated by mixing. (3) This method has been adopted into a national standard draft. The dependency of CO₂ absorption/release is obtained for Chlorophytum comosum. The method is also successfully tested on Ligustrum vulgare. (4) The developed method provides formulas and data on CO₂ absorption/release for use in designing green structures and indoor greening systems. Results show that Chlorophytum comosum can consume over 23 μg/s of CO₂ per square meter of foliage, with a light saturation threshold for CO₂ absorption between 8500 and 20,000 phlx, depending on CO₂ levels.

The modern economy is driven by a dynamically developing industrial and logistics sector, resulting in an increasing number of investments in production halls, warehouses, and distribution centers. Industrial halls constitute a key element of production, storage, and logistics infrastructure, and their construction requires precise planning, the application of appropriate technologies, and knowledge of current building regulations. The construction of an industrial hall involves many engineering aspects – from site selection and structural design, through the use of modern materials and technologies, to the organization of the construction site and the management of the schedule and costs. This article presents the processes involved in the construction of an industrial hall, taking into account technological, organizational, and economic aspects.