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Prof. Dr. Andrea Laschi
Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry (SAAF), University of Palermo,Viale delle Scienze, ed. 4, 90128 PA, Italy

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Forest operation planning applying the concept of sustainability, including forest road planning
0 Optimization of forest operations (to increase productivity reducing environmental impacts)
0 Life Cycle Assessment applied to wood products, paying attention mainly to wood harvesting and wood transformation
0 Health and Safety of forest workers
0 Professional training of forest workers and forest fire fighters

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Life Cycle Assessment applied to wood products, paying attention mainly to wood harvesting and wood transformation
Health and Safety of forest workers

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Journal article
Published: 07 February 2019 in Forests
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Several studies investigated soil disturbances caused on skid trails by forest logging. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the severity and the distance of disturbances along both sides from the trails. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the changes in physical and chemical properties of soil along the sides of skidding trails; ii) to measure the effects of soil compaction on of maple seedlings growth. Two levels of trail gradient (< 20% and >20 %), four levels of traffic frequency (3, 8, 15, and 30 passes) and four distance buffer strip zones (0.5 m intervals from 0 to 2 m in distance) on both sides of skid trail edges were analyzed. Each treatment included three replicate plots. In order to investigate the effect of compaction on seedlings emergence and growth, maple seeds were sown after logging. The results highlighted significant changes in physical and chemical properties of soil for each traffic frequency in the closest buffer strip (from 0 to 0.5 m from the skid trail edges). The largest changes in soil properties were identified at 0.5 m distance zones for a slope gradient > 20% after 3, 8, 15, and 30 skidding cycles. The highest changes were recorded on slope category >20%. The higher the soil compaction the lower the germination rate, root length, and stem height of seedlings.

ACS Style

Ahmad Solgi; Ramin Naghdi; Enrico Marchi; Andrea Laschi; Farshad Keivan Behjou; Vahid Hemmati; Ali Masumian. Impact Assessment of Skidding Extraction: Effects on Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils and on Maple Seedling Growing along the Skid Trail. Forests 2019, 10, 134 .

AMA Style

Ahmad Solgi, Ramin Naghdi, Enrico Marchi, Andrea Laschi, Farshad Keivan Behjou, Vahid Hemmati, Ali Masumian. Impact Assessment of Skidding Extraction: Effects on Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils and on Maple Seedling Growing along the Skid Trail. Forests. 2019; 10 (2):134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Solgi; Ramin Naghdi; Enrico Marchi; Andrea Laschi; Farshad Keivan Behjou; Vahid Hemmati; Ali Masumian. 2019. "Impact Assessment of Skidding Extraction: Effects on Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils and on Maple Seedling Growing along the Skid Trail." Forests 10, no. 2: 134.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2018 in Forests
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In many activities, chainsaw users are exposed to the risk of injuries and several other hazard factors that may cause health problems. In fact, environmental and working conditions when using chainsaws result in workers’ exposure to hazards such as noise, vibration, exhaust gases, and wood dust. Repeated or continuous exposure to these unfavourable conditions can lead to occupational diseases that become apparent after a certain period of time has elapsed. Since the use of electric tools is increasing in forestry, the present research aims to evaluate the noise and vibration exposure caused by four models of electric chainsaws (Stihl MSA160T, Stihl MSA200C Li-Ion battery powered and Stihl MSE180C, Stihl MSE220C wired) during cross-cutting. Values measured on the Stihl MSA160T chainsaw (Li-Ion battery) showed similar vibration levels on both right and left handles (0.9–1.0 m s−2, respectively) and so did the other battery-powered chainsaw, the Stihl MSA200C (2.2–2.3 m s−2 for right and left handles, respectively). Results showed a range of noise included between 81 and 90 dB(A) for the analysed chainsaws. In conclusion, the vibrations and noise were lower for the battery chainsaws than the wired ones, but, in general, all the values were lower than those measured in previous studies of endothermic chainsaws.

ACS Style

Francesco Neri; Andrea Laschi; Cristiano Foderi; Fabio Fabiano; Lucia Bertuzzi; Enrico Marchi. Determining Noise and Vibration Exposure in Conifer Cross-Cutting Operations by Using Li-Ion Batteries and Electric Chainsaws. Forests 2018, 9, 501 .

AMA Style

Francesco Neri, Andrea Laschi, Cristiano Foderi, Fabio Fabiano, Lucia Bertuzzi, Enrico Marchi. Determining Noise and Vibration Exposure in Conifer Cross-Cutting Operations by Using Li-Ion Batteries and Electric Chainsaws. Forests. 2018; 9 (8):501.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Neri; Andrea Laschi; Cristiano Foderi; Fabio Fabiano; Lucia Bertuzzi; Enrico Marchi. 2018. "Determining Noise and Vibration Exposure in Conifer Cross-Cutting Operations by Using Li-Ion Batteries and Electric Chainsaws." Forests 9, no. 8: 501.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2018 in Forests
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With the aim of acquiring better comprehension of the ecological and productive aspects of the management of pine forests, we monitored logging damage and evaluated the effects of thinning on stand growth 20 years after the treatment in a Pinus laricio Poiret stand in central Italy. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the injury levels to the remaining trees after thinning; to assess logging damage in the long-term by monitoring residual trees at the end of thinning; to evaluate the effect of damage on the radial growth of trees; to assess the stand dynamics in relation to injury levels and the treatment applied in a twenty-year range; to understand a possible treatment return time; and to evaluate the existence of the “thinning shock”. The results were that 20 years after treatment, the stand dynamics showed a complete recovery; logging damage did not affect the radial growth of P. laricio over time; a second treatment seem to be sustainable starting from the fifteenth year after the previous treatment; and the thinning shock can be clearly evaluated in the first six to seven years after the treatment.

ACS Style

Rodolfo Picchio; Rachele Venanzi; Francesco Latterini; Enrico Marchi; Andrea Laschi; Angela Lo Monaco. Corsican Pine (Pinus laricio Poiret) Stand Management: Medium and Long Lasting Effects of Thinning on Biomass Growth. Forests 2018, 9, 257 .

AMA Style

Rodolfo Picchio, Rachele Venanzi, Francesco Latterini, Enrico Marchi, Andrea Laschi, Angela Lo Monaco. Corsican Pine (Pinus laricio Poiret) Stand Management: Medium and Long Lasting Effects of Thinning on Biomass Growth. Forests. 2018; 9 (5):257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodolfo Picchio; Rachele Venanzi; Francesco Latterini; Enrico Marchi; Andrea Laschi; Angela Lo Monaco. 2018. "Corsican Pine (Pinus laricio Poiret) Stand Management: Medium and Long Lasting Effects of Thinning on Biomass Growth." Forests 9, no. 5: 257.

Review article
Published: 18 April 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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The effective implementation of sustainable forest management depends largely on carrying out forest operations in a sustainable manner. Climate change, as well as the increasing demand for forest products, requires a re-thinking of forest operations in terms of sustainability. In this context, it is important to understand the major driving factors for the future development of forest operations that promote economic, environmental and social well-being. The main objective of this paper is to identify important issues concerning forest operations and to propose a new paradigm towards sustainability in a changing climate, work and environmental conditions. Previously developed concepts of forest operations are reviewed, and a newly developed concept – Sustainable Forest Operations (SFO), is presented. Five key performance areas to ensure the sustainability of forest operations include: (i) environment; (ii) ergonomics; (iii) economics; (iv) quality optimization of products and production; and (v) people and society. Practical field examples are presented to demonstrate how these five interconnected principles are relevant to achieving sustainability, namely profit and wood quality maximization, ecological benefits, climate change mitigation, carbon sequestration, and forest workers' health and safety. The new concept of SFO provides integrated perspectives and approaches to effectively address ongoing and foreseeable challenges the global forest communities face, while balancing forest operations performance across economic, environmental and social sustainability. In this new concept, we emphasize the role of wood as a renewable and environmentally friendly material, and forest workers' safety and utilization efficiency and waste management as additional key elements of sustainability.

ACS Style

Enrico Marchi; Woodam Chung; Rien Visser; Dalia Abbas; Tomas Nordfjell; Piotr S. Mederski; Andrew McEwan; Michal Brink; Andrea Laschi. Sustainable Forest Operations (SFO): A new paradigm in a changing world and climate. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 634, 1385 -1397.

AMA Style

Enrico Marchi, Woodam Chung, Rien Visser, Dalia Abbas, Tomas Nordfjell, Piotr S. Mederski, Andrew McEwan, Michal Brink, Andrea Laschi. Sustainable Forest Operations (SFO): A new paradigm in a changing world and climate. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 634 ():1385-1397.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico Marchi; Woodam Chung; Rien Visser; Dalia Abbas; Tomas Nordfjell; Piotr S. Mederski; Andrew McEwan; Michal Brink; Andrea Laschi. 2018. "Sustainable Forest Operations (SFO): A new paradigm in a changing world and climate." Science of The Total Environment 634, no. : 1385-1397.

Research article
Published: 13 February 2018 in Land Degradation & Development
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Logging operations using heavy machinery effect changes in soil characteristics due to compaction; such conditions can negatively influence seedling development. In stands managed on the basis of close‐to‐nature silviculture or continuous cover forestry, successful establishment of natural regeneration after logging is important to ensure the proper functioning of a forest ecosystem, to promote soil recovery, and to prevent and mitigate land degradation processes (such as soil erosion, mudflow, waterlogging, and landslides) related to soil compaction and rutting. This work aimed to assess the early response of Quercus robur seedlings to soil compaction during the first 1.5 months after germination. The study was carried out in a controlled environment using 8 L containers filled with natural alluvial soil. Three levels of soil compaction were applied in a laboratory using a compression‐testing machine placed on the top surface of the soil in the containers. The morphological traits of the seedling shoot and root systems were analysed to compare 3 compaction levels. There were significant differences in seedling traits among the treatments, and they indicated that increasing levels of compaction reduced early seedling growth after emergence. Compaction had a larger impact on the root system, particularly the development at depth (root system depth, and main root length), compared with the shoot system. Our results suggest that compaction affects seedling root system growth following the first growth stages after germination; thus, compaction represents an additional critical factor for seedling establishment, particularly in environments where early growth is crucial for overcoming the dry season.

ACS Style

Martina Cambi; Barbara Mariotti; Fabio Fabiano; Alberto Maltoni; Andrea Tani; Cristiano Foderi; Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi. Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination. Land Degradation & Development 2018, 29, 916 -925.

AMA Style

Martina Cambi, Barbara Mariotti, Fabio Fabiano, Alberto Maltoni, Andrea Tani, Cristiano Foderi, Andrea Laschi, Enrico Marchi. Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination. Land Degradation & Development. 2018; 29 (4):916-925.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Cambi; Barbara Mariotti; Fabio Fabiano; Alberto Maltoni; Andrea Tani; Cristiano Foderi; Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi. 2018. "Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 4: 916-925.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Safety Science
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In a sustainable perspective, where wood harvesting and use perfectly respond to environmental needs, social sustainability and related health and safety of forest workers cannot be disregarded. The aim of this study was the analysis of the accidents records in public companies in the Province of Trento, in Northern Italy, regarding forest operations in the period 1995–2013. Several information were available thanks to the up-to-date accident books compiled by each company. With an average Frequency index in the examined period of 88 injuries per million hours worked, forest operations were confirmed as one of the most dangerous works along all productive sectors. Monday had a significant higher frequency of accidents comparing to the other weekdays. The age of the workers seemed influencing the recovery period after injuries, which exponentially increase at rising age. Felling and processing definitely resulted as the most dangerous activity in forest operations covering the 31% of total accidents happened. ‘He puts a foot wrong…’, ‘He was hit by…’ were the most common phrases used in describing the studied accidents; these were the action cause of the accident and contribute explaining why body extremities, first of all the hands, were the body parts most injured. Finally, a new concept in accident analysis was proposed introducing the analysis of ‘recidivism’, which analysed the eventual recurrence of accidents to the same worker in a given period. Results have underlined that some workers had more than one injury during the analysed period, up to seven accidents for one of them.

ACS Style

Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi; Cristiano Foderi; Francesco Neri. Identifying causes, dynamics and consequences of work accidents in forest operations in an alpine context. Safety Science 2016, 89, 28 -35.

AMA Style

Andrea Laschi, Enrico Marchi, Cristiano Foderi, Francesco Neri. Identifying causes, dynamics and consequences of work accidents in forest operations in an alpine context. Safety Science. 2016; 89 ():28-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi; Cristiano Foderi; Francesco Neri. 2016. "Identifying causes, dynamics and consequences of work accidents in forest operations in an alpine context." Safety Science 89, no. : 28-35.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Environmental Pollution
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The objective of this study was to investigate the inhalation exposure of forest operators to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and total xylenes) contained in the exhaust fumes released from chainsaws and to suggest possible countermeasures. The study was carried out in four silvicultural treatments (coppice clearcut, conifer thinning, conifer pruning, and sanitary cut), using three types of chainsaw fuel (normal two-stroke petrol mix and two alkylate fuels). Eighty personal air samples were collected; IOM samplers combined with Amberlite XAD-2 sorbent tubes were used for collecting PAHs and Radiello(®) samplers were used for BTEX. Results indicate that none of the four silvicultural treatments significantly affected the PAHs and BTEX inhalation exposure of forest workers. On the other hand, statistically significant differences were recorded in the inhalation exposure to PAHs and BTEX when using different fuel types. In particular, the inhalation exposure to PAHs and BTEX was generally one order of magnitude lower when using modern alkylate fuels as compared to the traditional oil and lead-free petrol mixture. The small, non-statistically significant differences in inhalation exposure recorded between the two alkylate fuels suggests that the two fuels might be equivalent in terms of quality. Our study indicates that while forest workers are exposed to PAHs and BTEX, the maximum values are generally well below accepted occupational exposure limits.

ACS Style

F. Neri; C. Foderi; A. Laschi; F. Fabiano; M. Cambi; G. Sciarra; M.C. Aprea; A. Cenni; E. Marchi. Determining exhaust fumes exposure in chainsaw operations. Environmental Pollution 2016, 218, 1162 -1169.

AMA Style

F. Neri, C. Foderi, A. Laschi, F. Fabiano, M. Cambi, G. Sciarra, M.C. Aprea, A. Cenni, E. Marchi. Determining exhaust fumes exposure in chainsaw operations. Environmental Pollution. 2016; 218 ():1162-1169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Neri; C. Foderi; A. Laschi; F. Fabiano; M. Cambi; G. Sciarra; M.C. Aprea; A. Cenni; E. Marchi. 2016. "Determining exhaust fumes exposure in chainsaw operations." Environmental Pollution 218, no. : 1162-1169.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Science of The Total Environment
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Wood is a renewable resource and it actively contributes to enhance energy production under a sustainable perspective. However, harvesting, transport and use of wood imply several consequences and impacts on environment. There are different ways for managing forests dedicated to wood production and a sustainable approach is fundamental to preserve the resource. In this context, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a useful tool for estimating the environmental impacts related to renewable resources. Traditional coppice is a common approach for forest management in several areas, including southern Europe and, specifically, Italy, Spain and the Balkans. Due to different terrain conditions, different types of forest operations are considered for wood extraction from coppices, where the main product is firewood used in domestic heating. The aim of this work was to compare the main common systems for firewood production in two different terrain conditions ('flat/low steep' and 'steep/very steep' terrains), in a representative environment for Mediterranean area, located in central Italy, by means of LCA. Seven different impact categories were evaluated in a cradle-to-gate perspective taking into account all the operations carried out from the trees felling to the firewood storage at factory. Results showed that the extraction phase was the most important in terms of environmental burdens in firewood production and the use of heavy and high-power machines negatively influenced the emissions compared with manual operations. Finally, considering the general low-inputs involved in wood production in coppice, the transport of workers by car to the work site resulted on consistent contributions into environmental burdens. An additional analysis about the modifications of CH4 and N2O exchanges between soil and atmosphere, due to soil compaction in the extraction phase, was made and based on bibliographic information. Results showed a sensible difference between disturbed and undisturbed soil.

ACS Style

Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi; Sara González-García. Forest operations in coppice: Environmental assessment of two different logging methods. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 562, 493 -503.

AMA Style

Andrea Laschi, Enrico Marchi, Sara González-García. Forest operations in coppice: Environmental assessment of two different logging methods. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 562 ():493-503.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi; Sara González-García. 2016. "Forest operations in coppice: Environmental assessment of two different logging methods." Science of The Total Environment 562, no. : 493-503.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in Energy
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Forests play a key role as the source of an essential renewable material and/or fuel: wood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts related to high-quality pellet production for domestic heating following the LCA (life cycle assessment) methodology and considering a cradle-to-gate perspective in the Tuscany region. This is representative and interesting for Italian pellet factories and for similar factories located in Central Europe, considering the Italian contribution to the production capacity of that area. All of the activities involved, from wood extraction in no-industrial forests to packed pellet production, ready for delivery to final users, were taken into account. The environmental analysis was performed in terms of seven impact categories. The results showed how the most important environmental burdens are related to the use of electricity during pellet production, being responsible for more than 90% of the total in most of the impact categories. Operations carried out in the forest produce a minor part of the impact (from 1% to less than 10% depending on the category). Four different alternative scenarios for producing and supplying electricity and heat were proposed and investigated. Substitution of the boiler by a co-generation unit showed a substantial improvement in the environmental burdens.

ACS Style

Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi; Sara González-García. Environmental performance of wood pellets' production through life cycle analysis. Energy 2016, 103, 469 -480.

AMA Style

Andrea Laschi, Enrico Marchi, Sara González-García. Environmental performance of wood pellets' production through life cycle analysis. Energy. 2016; 103 ():469-480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi; Sara González-García. 2016. "Environmental performance of wood pellets' production through life cycle analysis." Energy 103, no. : 469-480.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2016 in iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry
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Damage to forest soil caused by vehicle traffic mainly consists of soil compaction, displacement, and rut formation. Severity of the damage depends on vehicle mass, weight of the carried loads, ground morphology, and soil properties, such as moisture. This paper investigates the impacts of two types of vehicles (tracked or wheeled tractor), traffic intensities (one or five skidding cycles) and soil moisture (24% or 13% by weight) on compaction of a loam textured soil in a mixed conifer stand of central Italy. Changes in porosity, bulk density, shear and penetration resistances were analyzed. The latter three parameters were significantly higher in the trafficked soil portions than in the undisturbed ones in all treatments, while the opposite was true for porosity. The impact on soil bulk density and porosity was stronger for the wheeled tractor working on moist soil, while no significant effect of soil moisture was recorded for the tracked tractor. Shear and penetration resistances increased as a consequence of traffic, depending on both tractor type and soil moisture. The largest impact on shear resistance was recorded for the wheeled tractor on moist soil, while significant differences in penetration resistance were observed only between tracked and wheeled tractors in dry soil conditions. In order to preserve soil quality during logging activities, we recommend to operate under dry soil conditions and to limit vehicle movement on existing or new planned trails. Keywords: Soil Compaction, Rutting, Skid Trails, Soil Degradation, Forest Management

ACS Style

M Cambi; G Certini; F Fabiano; C Foderi; Andrea Laschi; R Picchio. Impact of wheeled and tracked tractors on soil physical properties in a mixed conifer stand. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 2016, 9, 89 -94.

AMA Style

M Cambi, G Certini, F Fabiano, C Foderi, Andrea Laschi, R Picchio. Impact of wheeled and tracked tractors on soil physical properties in a mixed conifer stand. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry. 2016; 9 (1):89-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M Cambi; G Certini; F Fabiano; C Foderi; Andrea Laschi; R Picchio. 2016. "Impact of wheeled and tracked tractors on soil physical properties in a mixed conifer stand." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 9, no. 1: 89-94.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2015 in Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture
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Doi 10.4129/2cis-mf-dro Citazione/Citation Feducci M., Poli L., Laschi A., Foderi C., Esposito A., Capretti P., 2015 - Drone: un nuovo strumento per il monitoraggio del verde urbano?. In: Atti del II Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura. Progettare il futuro per il settore forestale, Firenze, 26-29 novembre 2014. Firenze: Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali. Vol. 2, p. 992-995.…

ACS Style

Matteo Feducci; Luca Poli; Andrea Laschi; Cristiano Foderi; Antonio Esposito; Paolo Capretti. Drone: a new tool in the urban forest monitoring? Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Matteo Feducci, Luca Poli, Andrea Laschi, Cristiano Foderi, Antonio Esposito, Paolo Capretti. Drone: a new tool in the urban forest monitoring? Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Feducci; Luca Poli; Andrea Laschi; Cristiano Foderi; Antonio Esposito; Paolo Capretti. 2015. "Drone: a new tool in the urban forest monitoring?" Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture , no. : 1.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture
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ACS Style

Andrea Laschi; Laura Vicentini; Roberta Riondato; Francesco Neri. New exposures and health effects in forestry workers. Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture 2015, 853 -858.

AMA Style

Andrea Laschi, Laura Vicentini, Roberta Riondato, Francesco Neri. New exposures and health effects in forestry workers. Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture. 2015; ():853-858.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Laschi; Laura Vicentini; Roberta Riondato; Francesco Neri. 2015. "New exposures and health effects in forestry workers." Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture , no. : 853-858.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in L'Italia Forestale e Montana
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ACS Style

Francesco Iovino; Davide Ascoli; Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi; Pasquale Marziliano; Antonino Nicolaci; Giovanni Bovio. Thinning and prescribed burning for fire hazard reduction in Pinus halepensis plantations. L'Italia Forestale e Montana 2014, 69, 213 -229.

AMA Style

Francesco Iovino, Davide Ascoli, Andrea Laschi, Enrico Marchi, Pasquale Marziliano, Antonino Nicolaci, Giovanni Bovio. Thinning and prescribed burning for fire hazard reduction in Pinus halepensis plantations. L'Italia Forestale e Montana. 2014; 69 (4):213-229.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Iovino; Davide Ascoli; Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi; Pasquale Marziliano; Antonino Nicolaci; Giovanni Bovio. 2014. "Thinning and prescribed burning for fire hazard reduction in Pinus halepensis plantations." L'Italia Forestale e Montana 69, no. 4: 213-229.