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Prof. Enrico Marchi
Università di Firenze

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Research article
Published: 26 April 2021 in International Journal of Forest Engineering
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Even at a well-managed harvesting site, vehicle trafficking occurs on at least 12% of the area and might cause ruts and compaction. The use of drones for inventory and mapping in forestry is still a new method. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for measuring the size and depth of wheel ruts caused by forest machines in harvested areas, using drones and Structure from Motion photogrammetry. In order to investigate the accuracy of drone photogrammetry, measurements from flight altitudes of 60 m and 120 m above ground level were compared with manual measurements. The same methods were used at a control site on farm land, taking into account the rut depth and the location of the sample surface (close to trees or in a fully open area). No statistically significant differences were found between manual measurements and remote measurements from 60 m or 120 m altitude at the harvesting site (R2 0.77–0.83). At the control site, an underestimation of 2.2 cm of the rut depth was found for remote measurements made from 120 m altitude. The data derived from drone images were able to reproduce the 3D model of surface features, such as bulges and ruts; these measurements were considered to be equivalent to manual measurements. For practical applications, a post-harvest survey using drones could contribute to verifying compliance with international forest certification standards or by private contractors to evaluate rut formation on their harvest sites.

ACS Style

Elena Marra; Rasmus Wictorsson; Jonas Bohlin; Enrico Marchi; Tomas Nordfjell. Remote measuring of the depth of wheel ruts in forest terrain using a drone. International Journal of Forest Engineering 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Elena Marra, Rasmus Wictorsson, Jonas Bohlin, Enrico Marchi, Tomas Nordfjell. Remote measuring of the depth of wheel ruts in forest terrain using a drone. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Marra; Rasmus Wictorsson; Jonas Bohlin; Enrico Marchi; Tomas Nordfjell. 2021. "Remote measuring of the depth of wheel ruts in forest terrain using a drone." International Journal of Forest Engineering , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2020 in Forests
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Although compacted soil can be recovered through root development of planted seedlings, the relationship between root morphologies and soil physical properties remain unclear. We investigated the impacts of soil compaction on planted hybrid larch F1 (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi, hereafter F1) seedlings with/without N loading. We assumed that N loading might increase the fine root proportion of F1 seedlings under soil compaction, resulting in less effects of root development on soil recovery. We established experimental site with different levels of soil compaction and N loading, where two-year-old F1 seedlings were planted. We used a hardness change index (HCI) to quantify a degree of soil hardness change at each depth. We evaluated root morphological responses to soil compaction and N loading, focusing on ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. High soil hardness reduced the total dry mass of F1 seedlings by more than 30%. Significant positive correlations were found between HCI and root proportion, which indicated that F1 seedling could enhance soil recovery via root development. The reduction of fine root density and its proportion due to soil compaction was observed, while these responses were contrasting under N loading. Nevertheless, the relationships between HCI and root proportion were not changed by N loading. The relative abundance of the larch-specific ectomycorrhizal fungi under soil compaction was increased by N loading. We concluded that the root development of F1 seedling accelerates soil recovery, where N loading could induce root morphological changes under soil compaction, resulting in the persistent relationship between root development and soil recovery.

ACS Style

Tetsuto Sugai; Satoko Yokoyama; Yutaka Tamai; Hirotaka Mori; Enrico Marchi; Toshihiro Watanabe; Fuyuki Satoh; Takayoshi Koike. Evaluating Soil–Root Interaction of Hybrid Larch Seedlings Planted under Soil Compaction and Nitrogen Loading. Forests 2020, 11, 947 .

AMA Style

Tetsuto Sugai, Satoko Yokoyama, Yutaka Tamai, Hirotaka Mori, Enrico Marchi, Toshihiro Watanabe, Fuyuki Satoh, Takayoshi Koike. Evaluating Soil–Root Interaction of Hybrid Larch Seedlings Planted under Soil Compaction and Nitrogen Loading. Forests. 2020; 11 (9):947.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tetsuto Sugai; Satoko Yokoyama; Yutaka Tamai; Hirotaka Mori; Enrico Marchi; Toshihiro Watanabe; Fuyuki Satoh; Takayoshi Koike. 2020. "Evaluating Soil–Root Interaction of Hybrid Larch Seedlings Planted under Soil Compaction and Nitrogen Loading." Forests 11, no. 9: 947.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2020 in Croatian journal of forest engineering
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This paper offers a conceptual analysis of the unaccounted-for cost of owning and operating used machines from an operational, financial and market perspective. It is based on input from experts and a literature review. In the scientific literature, assessing the operating cost of used machines in forest operations is typically based on standard cost assessment methods using costing/pricing input from similar unused machines. This is the case since there are usually no historical data for observed used machines available to analyze. This substitute analysis is problematic to many used and depreciated machines owners. The changing trends in forest technology attest that old machinery do not hold to the same input cost data variables or values of new machines. In fact, they belong to two rather competing different markets: (used vs. new equipment markets). With the technological, market and machinery regulations and dynamic changes, the substitute cost analysis is not representative. Better data is required to understand the cost of owning and operating used machines and the justification is the focal point of this paper. The outcome of the expert and literature analysis in this paper demonstrates that a broader understanding of the cost of a used machine is required and doable. A proposed understanding integrates the machine availability (performance), cost factors (financial) and market evaluation (price), in isolation (single piece of machine) as well as in a fleet, to assess a used machine ownership cost. The study is intended to offer forest machine operators, owners, scientists, and practitioners a proposed new approach to value used machines and further investigations and data inputs required to make used machines costing methods more relevant.

ACS Style

Dalia Abbas; Fulvio Di Fulvio; Enrico Marchi; Raffaele Spinelli; Mike Schmidt; Ted Bilek; Han Sup-Han. A Proposal for an Integrated Methodological and Scientific Approach to Cost Used Forestry Machines. Croatian journal of forest engineering 2020, 42, 63 -75.

AMA Style

Dalia Abbas, Fulvio Di Fulvio, Enrico Marchi, Raffaele Spinelli, Mike Schmidt, Ted Bilek, Han Sup-Han. A Proposal for an Integrated Methodological and Scientific Approach to Cost Used Forestry Machines. Croatian journal of forest engineering. 2020; 42 (1):63-75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dalia Abbas; Fulvio Di Fulvio; Enrico Marchi; Raffaele Spinelli; Mike Schmidt; Ted Bilek; Han Sup-Han. 2020. "A Proposal for an Integrated Methodological and Scientific Approach to Cost Used Forestry Machines." Croatian journal of forest engineering 42, no. 1: 63-75.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2020 in Croatian journal of forest engineering
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Mobile wood chippers represent a mature technology now available in a wide range of sizes and configurations. Different types exist, but the most widespread are disc and drum chippers. The latter have enjoyed wider popularity in recent years because they are best suited to processing logging residue and other low-quality wood. Drum chippers can be fitted with screens, designed to re-circulate oversize particles. In general, industrial chippers offer high productivity and high fuel efficiency, especially if settings are properly adjusted. Chippers are high-maintenance equipment and require proper care. Maintenance cost increases with machine age and can be predicted quite accurately, and so can chipping productivity and cost. Reliable models exist for estimating both maintenance cost and productivity, based on dedicated user-entered assumptions. All things being equal, there are no substantial productivity and maintenance differences between tractor-powered and independent-engine chippers.

ACS Style

Raffaele Spinelli; Enrico Marchi. Trends and Perspectives in the Design of Mobile Wood Chippers. Croatian journal of forest engineering 2020, 42, 25 -38.

AMA Style

Raffaele Spinelli, Enrico Marchi. Trends and Perspectives in the Design of Mobile Wood Chippers. Croatian journal of forest engineering. 2020; 42 (1):25-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raffaele Spinelli; Enrico Marchi. 2020. "Trends and Perspectives in the Design of Mobile Wood Chippers." Croatian journal of forest engineering 42, no. 1: 25-38.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2019 in Forests
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Several studies investigated soil disturbances caused on skid trails by forest logging. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the severity and the distance of disturbances along both sides from the trails. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the changes in physical and chemical properties of soil along the sides of skidding trails; ii) to measure the effects of soil compaction on of maple seedlings growth. Two levels of trail gradient (< 20% and >20 %), four levels of traffic frequency (3, 8, 15, and 30 passes) and four distance buffer strip zones (0.5 m intervals from 0 to 2 m in distance) on both sides of skid trail edges were analyzed. Each treatment included three replicate plots. In order to investigate the effect of compaction on seedlings emergence and growth, maple seeds were sown after logging. The results highlighted significant changes in physical and chemical properties of soil for each traffic frequency in the closest buffer strip (from 0 to 0.5 m from the skid trail edges). The largest changes in soil properties were identified at 0.5 m distance zones for a slope gradient > 20% after 3, 8, 15, and 30 skidding cycles. The highest changes were recorded on slope category >20%. The higher the soil compaction the lower the germination rate, root length, and stem height of seedlings.

ACS Style

Ahmad Solgi; Ramin Naghdi; Enrico Marchi; Andrea Laschi; Farshad Keivan Behjou; Vahid Hemmati; Ali Masumian. Impact Assessment of Skidding Extraction: Effects on Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils and on Maple Seedling Growing along the Skid Trail. Forests 2019, 10, 134 .

AMA Style

Ahmad Solgi, Ramin Naghdi, Enrico Marchi, Andrea Laschi, Farshad Keivan Behjou, Vahid Hemmati, Ali Masumian. Impact Assessment of Skidding Extraction: Effects on Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils and on Maple Seedling Growing along the Skid Trail. Forests. 2019; 10 (2):134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Solgi; Ramin Naghdi; Enrico Marchi; Andrea Laschi; Farshad Keivan Behjou; Vahid Hemmati; Ali Masumian. 2019. "Impact Assessment of Skidding Extraction: Effects on Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils and on Maple Seedling Growing along the Skid Trail." Forests 10, no. 2: 134.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2018 in Forests
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In many activities, chainsaw users are exposed to the risk of injuries and several other hazard factors that may cause health problems. In fact, environmental and working conditions when using chainsaws result in workers’ exposure to hazards such as noise, vibration, exhaust gases, and wood dust. Repeated or continuous exposure to these unfavourable conditions can lead to occupational diseases that become apparent after a certain period of time has elapsed. Since the use of electric tools is increasing in forestry, the present research aims to evaluate the noise and vibration exposure caused by four models of electric chainsaws (Stihl MSA160T, Stihl MSA200C Li-Ion battery powered and Stihl MSE180C, Stihl MSE220C wired) during cross-cutting. Values measured on the Stihl MSA160T chainsaw (Li-Ion battery) showed similar vibration levels on both right and left handles (0.9–1.0 m s−2, respectively) and so did the other battery-powered chainsaw, the Stihl MSA200C (2.2–2.3 m s−2 for right and left handles, respectively). Results showed a range of noise included between 81 and 90 dB(A) for the analysed chainsaws. In conclusion, the vibrations and noise were lower for the battery chainsaws than the wired ones, but, in general, all the values were lower than those measured in previous studies of endothermic chainsaws.

ACS Style

Francesco Neri; Andrea Laschi; Cristiano Foderi; Fabio Fabiano; Lucia Bertuzzi; Enrico Marchi. Determining Noise and Vibration Exposure in Conifer Cross-Cutting Operations by Using Li-Ion Batteries and Electric Chainsaws. Forests 2018, 9, 501 .

AMA Style

Francesco Neri, Andrea Laschi, Cristiano Foderi, Fabio Fabiano, Lucia Bertuzzi, Enrico Marchi. Determining Noise and Vibration Exposure in Conifer Cross-Cutting Operations by Using Li-Ion Batteries and Electric Chainsaws. Forests. 2018; 9 (8):501.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Neri; Andrea Laschi; Cristiano Foderi; Fabio Fabiano; Lucia Bertuzzi; Enrico Marchi. 2018. "Determining Noise and Vibration Exposure in Conifer Cross-Cutting Operations by Using Li-Ion Batteries and Electric Chainsaws." Forests 9, no. 8: 501.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2018 in Forests
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A well-planned forest road network is essential for meeting the goal of sustainable forest management. Forest roads play a key role in commercial purposes, fire prevention, and recreational activities. The aim of this work was to apply precision forestry in the analysis of the forest network of two forest ownerships in Tuscany. A proposal was formulated based on the information obtained regarding future forest road construction. This proposal takes into consideration technical effectiveness and environmental sustainability, with particular attention paid to low-impact logging. Two systems were tested so as to gain a better comprehension of different technical approaches. One system was reported by other researchers and the other was developed by the authors of this paper. The aim was to provide a valid instrument and possible alternative for forest managers involved in decision making. This study highlights the importance of precision forestry, even on a small-scale technical application level in forest road planning, thus helping managers and owners during the decision-making process in forestry operations.

ACS Style

Rodolfo Picchio; Giuseppe Pignatti; Enrico Marchi; Francesco Latterini; Mirko Benanchi; Cristiano Foderi; Rachele Venanzi; Stefano Verani. The Application of Two Approaches Using GIS Technology Implementation in Forest Road Network Planning in an Italian Mountain Setting. Forests 2018, 9, 277 .

AMA Style

Rodolfo Picchio, Giuseppe Pignatti, Enrico Marchi, Francesco Latterini, Mirko Benanchi, Cristiano Foderi, Rachele Venanzi, Stefano Verani. The Application of Two Approaches Using GIS Technology Implementation in Forest Road Network Planning in an Italian Mountain Setting. Forests. 2018; 9 (5):277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodolfo Picchio; Giuseppe Pignatti; Enrico Marchi; Francesco Latterini; Mirko Benanchi; Cristiano Foderi; Rachele Venanzi; Stefano Verani. 2018. "The Application of Two Approaches Using GIS Technology Implementation in Forest Road Network Planning in an Italian Mountain Setting." Forests 9, no. 5: 277.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2018 in Forests
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With the aim of acquiring better comprehension of the ecological and productive aspects of the management of pine forests, we monitored logging damage and evaluated the effects of thinning on stand growth 20 years after the treatment in a Pinus laricio Poiret stand in central Italy. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the injury levels to the remaining trees after thinning; to assess logging damage in the long-term by monitoring residual trees at the end of thinning; to evaluate the effect of damage on the radial growth of trees; to assess the stand dynamics in relation to injury levels and the treatment applied in a twenty-year range; to understand a possible treatment return time; and to evaluate the existence of the “thinning shock”. The results were that 20 years after treatment, the stand dynamics showed a complete recovery; logging damage did not affect the radial growth of P. laricio over time; a second treatment seem to be sustainable starting from the fifteenth year after the previous treatment; and the thinning shock can be clearly evaluated in the first six to seven years after the treatment.

ACS Style

Rodolfo Picchio; Rachele Venanzi; Francesco Latterini; Enrico Marchi; Andrea Laschi; Angela Lo Monaco. Corsican Pine (Pinus laricio Poiret) Stand Management: Medium and Long Lasting Effects of Thinning on Biomass Growth. Forests 2018, 9, 257 .

AMA Style

Rodolfo Picchio, Rachele Venanzi, Francesco Latterini, Enrico Marchi, Andrea Laschi, Angela Lo Monaco. Corsican Pine (Pinus laricio Poiret) Stand Management: Medium and Long Lasting Effects of Thinning on Biomass Growth. Forests. 2018; 9 (5):257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodolfo Picchio; Rachele Venanzi; Francesco Latterini; Enrico Marchi; Andrea Laschi; Angela Lo Monaco. 2018. "Corsican Pine (Pinus laricio Poiret) Stand Management: Medium and Long Lasting Effects of Thinning on Biomass Growth." Forests 9, no. 5: 257.

Review article
Published: 18 April 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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The effective implementation of sustainable forest management depends largely on carrying out forest operations in a sustainable manner. Climate change, as well as the increasing demand for forest products, requires a re-thinking of forest operations in terms of sustainability. In this context, it is important to understand the major driving factors for the future development of forest operations that promote economic, environmental and social well-being. The main objective of this paper is to identify important issues concerning forest operations and to propose a new paradigm towards sustainability in a changing climate, work and environmental conditions. Previously developed concepts of forest operations are reviewed, and a newly developed concept – Sustainable Forest Operations (SFO), is presented. Five key performance areas to ensure the sustainability of forest operations include: (i) environment; (ii) ergonomics; (iii) economics; (iv) quality optimization of products and production; and (v) people and society. Practical field examples are presented to demonstrate how these five interconnected principles are relevant to achieving sustainability, namely profit and wood quality maximization, ecological benefits, climate change mitigation, carbon sequestration, and forest workers' health and safety. The new concept of SFO provides integrated perspectives and approaches to effectively address ongoing and foreseeable challenges the global forest communities face, while balancing forest operations performance across economic, environmental and social sustainability. In this new concept, we emphasize the role of wood as a renewable and environmentally friendly material, and forest workers' safety and utilization efficiency and waste management as additional key elements of sustainability.

ACS Style

Enrico Marchi; Woodam Chung; Rien Visser; Dalia Abbas; Tomas Nordfjell; Piotr S. Mederski; Andrew McEwan; Michal Brink; Andrea Laschi. Sustainable Forest Operations (SFO): A new paradigm in a changing world and climate. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 634, 1385 -1397.

AMA Style

Enrico Marchi, Woodam Chung, Rien Visser, Dalia Abbas, Tomas Nordfjell, Piotr S. Mederski, Andrew McEwan, Michal Brink, Andrea Laschi. Sustainable Forest Operations (SFO): A new paradigm in a changing world and climate. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 634 ():1385-1397.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico Marchi; Woodam Chung; Rien Visser; Dalia Abbas; Tomas Nordfjell; Piotr S. Mederski; Andrew McEwan; Michal Brink; Andrea Laschi. 2018. "Sustainable Forest Operations (SFO): A new paradigm in a changing world and climate." Science of The Total Environment 634, no. : 1385-1397.

Research article
Published: 13 February 2018 in Land Degradation & Development
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Logging operations using heavy machinery effect changes in soil characteristics due to compaction; such conditions can negatively influence seedling development. In stands managed on the basis of close‐to‐nature silviculture or continuous cover forestry, successful establishment of natural regeneration after logging is important to ensure the proper functioning of a forest ecosystem, to promote soil recovery, and to prevent and mitigate land degradation processes (such as soil erosion, mudflow, waterlogging, and landslides) related to soil compaction and rutting. This work aimed to assess the early response of Quercus robur seedlings to soil compaction during the first 1.5 months after germination. The study was carried out in a controlled environment using 8 L containers filled with natural alluvial soil. Three levels of soil compaction were applied in a laboratory using a compression‐testing machine placed on the top surface of the soil in the containers. The morphological traits of the seedling shoot and root systems were analysed to compare 3 compaction levels. There were significant differences in seedling traits among the treatments, and they indicated that increasing levels of compaction reduced early seedling growth after emergence. Compaction had a larger impact on the root system, particularly the development at depth (root system depth, and main root length), compared with the shoot system. Our results suggest that compaction affects seedling root system growth following the first growth stages after germination; thus, compaction represents an additional critical factor for seedling establishment, particularly in environments where early growth is crucial for overcoming the dry season.

ACS Style

Martina Cambi; Barbara Mariotti; Fabio Fabiano; Alberto Maltoni; Andrea Tani; Cristiano Foderi; Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi. Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination. Land Degradation & Development 2018, 29, 916 -925.

AMA Style

Martina Cambi, Barbara Mariotti, Fabio Fabiano, Alberto Maltoni, Andrea Tani, Cristiano Foderi, Andrea Laschi, Enrico Marchi. Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination. Land Degradation & Development. 2018; 29 (4):916-925.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Cambi; Barbara Mariotti; Fabio Fabiano; Alberto Maltoni; Andrea Tani; Cristiano Foderi; Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi. 2018. "Early response ofQuercus roburseedlings to soil compaction following germination." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 4: 916-925.

Articles
Published: 08 February 2018 in Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
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Compaction and rutting on forest soils are consequences of harvesting operations. The traditional methods used to investigate these consequences are time consuming and unable to represent the entire longitudinal profile for a forest trail. New methods based on photogrammetry have been developed. The overall objective was to compare photogrammetry and traditional methods (e.g. cone penetrometer, manual rut depth measurements, bulk density and porosity) used for the evaluation of soil compaction and rutting (i.e. depth and rut volume) after multiple passes of a loaded forwarder using two different tyre pressure levels. The comparison of photogrammetric versus manually measured profiles resulted in R2 0.93. Both tyre inflation pressure and number of passes had effect on soil disturbance. The rut volumes on 100 m long trails after 60 passes were 8.48 and 5.74 m3 for tire pressures of 300 and 150 kPa, respectively. Increased rut volume correlated positively with increased soil compaction and decreased soil porosity. Structure-from-motion photogrammetry is an accurate method for informing the creation of high-resolution digital evolution models and for the morphological description of forest soil disturbance after forest logging. However, a problem with photogrammetry is object reflection (grass, logging residues and water) that in some cases influence the accuracy of the method.

ACS Style

Elena Marra; Martina Cambi; Raul Fernandez-Lacruz; Francesca Giannetti; Enrico Marchi; Tomas Nordfjell. Photogrammetric estimation of wheel rut dimensions and soil compaction after increasing numbers of forwarder passes. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2018, 33, 613 -620.

AMA Style

Elena Marra, Martina Cambi, Raul Fernandez-Lacruz, Francesca Giannetti, Enrico Marchi, Tomas Nordfjell. Photogrammetric estimation of wheel rut dimensions and soil compaction after increasing numbers of forwarder passes. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 2018; 33 (6):613-620.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Marra; Martina Cambi; Raul Fernandez-Lacruz; Francesca Giannetti; Enrico Marchi; Tomas Nordfjell. 2018. "Photogrammetric estimation of wheel rut dimensions and soil compaction after increasing numbers of forwarder passes." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 6: 613-620.

Journal article
Published: 19 October 2017 in Soil Science Society of America Journal
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Forest operations can cause compaction and rutting, resulting in soil degradation processes. Soil damage is usually assessed through costly and time-consuming manual field measurements. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of logging operations on soil using traditional ground surveys integrated with laser scanning data acquired by a terrestrial portable laser scanner (PLS). This approach provides an alternative to soil rut manual measurements. Two skid trails, that differed by the numbers of machine passes and slope were sampled. Data collection was performed before and after forest operations. The specific objectives were to: (i) assess soil compaction, and (ii) determine rutting by way of multi-temporal high-resolution digital terrain models (DTM) generated by PLS data. This is the first study to assess changes in soil volume via the PLS. Significant logging impacts were detected using both investigation methods (i.e., physical parameters from traditional surveys and rutting from multi-temporal spatial analysis based on DTM). The PLS method provides a very high sampling density of the soil surface, permitting detailed spatial analysis of terrain changes. Moreover, the pre-processing cost for PLS-generated DTM is low in comparison to the time needed for traditional survey based on manual field measurements. PLS may be a useful instrument for soil sampling in forest monitoring applications. Copyright © 2017. . Copyright © by the Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

ACS Style

Francesca Giannetti; Gherardo Chirici; Davide Travaglini; Francesca Bottalico; Enrico Marchi; Martina Cambi. Assessment of Soil Disturbance Caused by Forest Operations by Means of Portable Laser Scanner and Soil Physical Parameters. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2017, 81, 1577 -1585.

AMA Style

Francesca Giannetti, Gherardo Chirici, Davide Travaglini, Francesca Bottalico, Enrico Marchi, Martina Cambi. Assessment of Soil Disturbance Caused by Forest Operations by Means of Portable Laser Scanner and Soil Physical Parameters. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2017; 81 (6):1577-1585.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Giannetti; Gherardo Chirici; Davide Travaglini; Francesca Bottalico; Enrico Marchi; Martina Cambi. 2017. "Assessment of Soil Disturbance Caused by Forest Operations by Means of Portable Laser Scanner and Soil Physical Parameters." Soil Science Society of America Journal 81, no. 6: 1577-1585.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2017 in International Journal of Forest Engineering
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The authors describe a study conducted under controlled conditions, with the goal of determining the eventual benefits of replacing the conventional clamped carriage with an unclamped motorized dropline carriage. The rigging was a classic three-cable configuration common to European yarder operations, with a single span standing skyline. The mainline and haulback line were used to move the carriage back and forth along the span. Two carriage types were used to gauge productivity and extraction cost differences between clamped (Hochleitner BW4000) and unclamped motorized dropline (SEIK Skybull 30/60) carriages. The authors conducted a classic time study, recoding work time, delay time and load size individually for 83 cycles. Replacing the standard clamped carriage with the unclamped motorized dropline carriage resulted in a productivity increase equal or larger than 30%. Extraction and processing cost decreased between 10% and 17%, depending on extraction distance. These results are valid for the specific set-up considered with the study, and may not be generalized without repeating the experiment under more varied conditions: however, they are very encouraging and may justify further investigations aimed at determining the effect of carriage type on fuel consumption and machine wear.

ACS Style

Raffaele Spinelli; Enrico Marchi; Rien Visser; Hunter Harrill; Raimondo Gallo; Martina Cambi; Francesco Neri; Carolina Lombardini; Natascia Magagnotti. The effect of carriage type on yarding productivity and cost. International Journal of Forest Engineering 2017, 28, 34 -41.

AMA Style

Raffaele Spinelli, Enrico Marchi, Rien Visser, Hunter Harrill, Raimondo Gallo, Martina Cambi, Francesco Neri, Carolina Lombardini, Natascia Magagnotti. The effect of carriage type on yarding productivity and cost. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 2017; 28 (1):34-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raffaele Spinelli; Enrico Marchi; Rien Visser; Hunter Harrill; Raimondo Gallo; Martina Cambi; Francesco Neri; Carolina Lombardini; Natascia Magagnotti. 2017. "The effect of carriage type on yarding productivity and cost." International Journal of Forest Engineering 28, no. 1: 34-41.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Ecological Engineering
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ACS Style

Enrico Marchi; Rodolfo Picchio; Piotr Mederski; Dinko Vusić; Mattia Perugini; Rachele Venanzi. Impact of silvicultural treatment and forest operation on soil and regeneration in Mediterranean Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) coppice with standards. Ecological Engineering 2016, 95, 475 -484.

AMA Style

Enrico Marchi, Rodolfo Picchio, Piotr Mederski, Dinko Vusić, Mattia Perugini, Rachele Venanzi. Impact of silvicultural treatment and forest operation on soil and regeneration in Mediterranean Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) coppice with standards. Ecological Engineering. 2016; 95 ():475-484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico Marchi; Rodolfo Picchio; Piotr Mederski; Dinko Vusić; Mattia Perugini; Rachele Venanzi. 2016. "Impact of silvicultural treatment and forest operation on soil and regeneration in Mediterranean Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) coppice with standards." Ecological Engineering 95, no. : 475-484.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in Energy
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Forests play a key role as the source of an essential renewable material and/or fuel: wood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts related to high-quality pellet production for domestic heating following the LCA (life cycle assessment) methodology and considering a cradle-to-gate perspective in the Tuscany region. This is representative and interesting for Italian pellet factories and for similar factories located in Central Europe, considering the Italian contribution to the production capacity of that area. All of the activities involved, from wood extraction in no-industrial forests to packed pellet production, ready for delivery to final users, were taken into account. The environmental analysis was performed in terms of seven impact categories. The results showed how the most important environmental burdens are related to the use of electricity during pellet production, being responsible for more than 90% of the total in most of the impact categories. Operations carried out in the forest produce a minor part of the impact (from 1% to less than 10% depending on the category). Four different alternative scenarios for producing and supplying electricity and heat were proposed and investigated. Substitution of the boiler by a co-generation unit showed a substantial improvement in the environmental burdens.

ACS Style

Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi; Sara González-García. Environmental performance of wood pellets' production through life cycle analysis. Energy 2016, 103, 469 -480.

AMA Style

Andrea Laschi, Enrico Marchi, Sara González-García. Environmental performance of wood pellets' production through life cycle analysis. Energy. 2016; 103 ():469-480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Laschi; Enrico Marchi; Sara González-García. 2016. "Environmental performance of wood pellets' production through life cycle analysis." Energy 103, no. : 469-480.

Monograph
Published: 01 January 2016 in Linee guida per la gestione sostenibile delle fustaie a prevalenza di pino nero e delle fustaie e dei cedui "invecchiati" di cerro della Toscana
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Scarica il manuale doi: 10.4129/mogfus isbn: 978-88-87553-23-9 LINEE GUIDA PER LA GESTIONE SOSTENIBILE DELLE FUSTAIE A PREVALENZA DI PINO NERO E DELLE FUSTAIE E DEI CEDUI "INVECCHIATI" DI CERRO DELLA TOSCANA Guidelines for the sustainable management of Austrian pine plantations and Turkey oak stands in Tuscany Coordinamento scientifico Susanna Nocentini e Piermaria Corona…

ACS Style

Anna Barbati; Francesca Bottalico; Piermaria Corona; Giacomo Del Bianco; Marco Fioravanti; Silvia Fiorentini; Giacomo Goli; Enrico Marchi; Enrico Marone; Francesco Neri; Susanna Nocentini; Franco Piegai; Nicola Puletti; Sandro Sacchelli; Davide Travaglini. Linee guida per la gestione sostenibile delle fustaie a prevalenza di pino nero e delle fustaie e dei cedui "invecchiati" di cerro della Toscana. Linee guida per la gestione sostenibile delle fustaie a prevalenza di pino nero e delle fustaie e dei cedui "invecchiati" di cerro della Toscana 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Anna Barbati, Francesca Bottalico, Piermaria Corona, Giacomo Del Bianco, Marco Fioravanti, Silvia Fiorentini, Giacomo Goli, Enrico Marchi, Enrico Marone, Francesco Neri, Susanna Nocentini, Franco Piegai, Nicola Puletti, Sandro Sacchelli, Davide Travaglini. Linee guida per la gestione sostenibile delle fustaie a prevalenza di pino nero e delle fustaie e dei cedui "invecchiati" di cerro della Toscana. Linee guida per la gestione sostenibile delle fustaie a prevalenza di pino nero e delle fustaie e dei cedui "invecchiati" di cerro della Toscana. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Barbati; Francesca Bottalico; Piermaria Corona; Giacomo Del Bianco; Marco Fioravanti; Silvia Fiorentini; Giacomo Goli; Enrico Marchi; Enrico Marone; Francesco Neri; Susanna Nocentini; Franco Piegai; Nicola Puletti; Sandro Sacchelli; Davide Travaglini. 2016. "Linee guida per la gestione sostenibile delle fustaie a prevalenza di pino nero e delle fustaie e dei cedui "invecchiati" di cerro della Toscana." Linee guida per la gestione sostenibile delle fustaie a prevalenza di pino nero e delle fustaie e dei cedui "invecchiati" di cerro della Toscana , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in L'Italia Forestale e Montana
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Wind is a major disturbing agent to European forests and climate change is increasing the occurrence of extreme events in the last years. On March 5th 2015, the Tuscany region was hit by a windstorm that caused extensive damage to forest stands. The aim of this work is to present a simple methodology to map damaged forest area and number and volume of fallen trees. The use of remote sensing data and in particular the potentiality of Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data is discussed in this study.

ACS Style

Gherardo Chirici; Francesca Bottalico; Francesca Giannetti; Patrizia Rossi; Barbara Del Perugia; Davide Travaglini; Susanna Nocentini; Enrico Marchi; Cristiano Foderi; Marco Fioravanti; Lorenzo Fattorini; Annibale Guariglia; Orazio Ciancio; Lorenzo Bottai; Piermaria Corona; Bernardo Gozzini. Stima dei danni da vento ai soprassuoli forestali in Regione Toscana a seguito dell'evento del 5 marzo 2015. L'Italia Forestale e Montana 2016, 71, 197 -213.

AMA Style

Gherardo Chirici, Francesca Bottalico, Francesca Giannetti, Patrizia Rossi, Barbara Del Perugia, Davide Travaglini, Susanna Nocentini, Enrico Marchi, Cristiano Foderi, Marco Fioravanti, Lorenzo Fattorini, Annibale Guariglia, Orazio Ciancio, Lorenzo Bottai, Piermaria Corona, Bernardo Gozzini. Stima dei danni da vento ai soprassuoli forestali in Regione Toscana a seguito dell'evento del 5 marzo 2015. L'Italia Forestale e Montana. 2016; 71 (4):197-213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gherardo Chirici; Francesca Bottalico; Francesca Giannetti; Patrizia Rossi; Barbara Del Perugia; Davide Travaglini; Susanna Nocentini; Enrico Marchi; Cristiano Foderi; Marco Fioravanti; Lorenzo Fattorini; Annibale Guariglia; Orazio Ciancio; Lorenzo Bottai; Piermaria Corona; Bernardo Gozzini. 2016. "Stima dei danni da vento ai soprassuoli forestali in Regione Toscana a seguito dell'evento del 5 marzo 2015." L'Italia Forestale e Montana 71, no. 4: 197-213.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2015 in Energies
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The sustainability of a small-scale self-consumption wood-energy chain for heat generation in central Italy was analyzed from a technical, economic and energetic point of view. A micro-chain was developed within the CRA-ING farm at Monterotondo (Rome, Italy): The purpose of this system was to produce biomass for supplying a heating plant within the CRA-ING property as a substitute for diesel fuel. A poplar short rotation coppice, established with clones AF2, AF6 and Monviso, fed the micro-chain. The rotation was biennial. The average plantation production (Mgd.m.·ha−1·year−1) was 10.2, with a maximum of 13.53 for the twin-rows AF2 and a minimum of 8.00 for the single-row Monviso. The economic assessment was based on the Net Present Value (NPV) method and the equivalent annuity cost, and found an average saving of 15.60 €·GJ−1 of heat generated by the wood chips heating system in comparison with the diesel heating system over a 10 year lifetime of the thermal power plant. The energy assessment of the poplar plantation, carried out using the Gross Energy Requirements method, reported an energy output/input ratio of 12.3. The energy output/input ratio of the whole micro-chain was 4.5.

ACS Style

Stefano Verani; Giulio Sperandio; Rodolfo Picchio; Enrico Marchi; Corrado Costa. Sustainability Assessment of a Self-Consumption Wood-Energy Chain on Small Scale for Heat Generation in Central Italy. Energies 2015, 8, 5182 -5197.

AMA Style

Stefano Verani, Giulio Sperandio, Rodolfo Picchio, Enrico Marchi, Corrado Costa. Sustainability Assessment of a Self-Consumption Wood-Energy Chain on Small Scale for Heat Generation in Central Italy. Energies. 2015; 8 (6):5182-5197.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefano Verani; Giulio Sperandio; Rodolfo Picchio; Enrico Marchi; Corrado Costa. 2015. "Sustainability Assessment of a Self-Consumption Wood-Energy Chain on Small Scale for Heat Generation in Central Italy." Energies 8, no. 6: 5182-5197.

Review
Published: 01 February 2015 in Forest Ecology and Management
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Martina Cambi; Giacomo Certini; Francesco Neri; Enrico Marchi. The impact of heavy traffic on forest soils: A review. Forest Ecology and Management 2015, 338, 124 -138.

AMA Style

Martina Cambi, Giacomo Certini, Francesco Neri, Enrico Marchi. The impact of heavy traffic on forest soils: A review. Forest Ecology and Management. 2015; 338 ():124-138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Cambi; Giacomo Certini; Francesco Neri; Enrico Marchi. 2015. "The impact of heavy traffic on forest soils: A review." Forest Ecology and Management 338, no. : 124-138.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture
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Martina Cambi; Fabio Fabiano; Cristiano Foderi; Enrico Marchi. Impact on the soil due to forestry tractor trafficking. A case study in central Italy. Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture 2015, 459 -462.

AMA Style

Martina Cambi, Fabio Fabiano, Cristiano Foderi, Enrico Marchi. Impact on the soil due to forestry tractor trafficking. A case study in central Italy. Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture. 2015; ():459-462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Cambi; Fabio Fabiano; Cristiano Foderi; Enrico Marchi. 2015. "Impact on the soil due to forestry tractor trafficking. A case study in central Italy." Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Silviculture , no. : 459-462.