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Dr. Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, Bilbao 48013, Bizkaia, Spain

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0 environmental impact
0 Metal Additive Manufacturing
0 laser material processing
0 laser material deposition
0 Laser process modeling

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Journal article
Published: 15 January 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Tooling in the die and mould industry is subjected to high-wear and high-temperature environments, which often leads to the premature failure of this high-added-value tooling. When severe damage occurs, an alternative to replacing the whole component consists of the repair by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). For that end, intermediate layers are commonly employed as buffer material, where introducing a functionally graded material (FGM) might be beneficial to avoid material incompatibilities and improve the overall performance of the tooling. In the present work, an FGM composed of gradient AISI 316L to AISI H13 has been manufactured, and its microstructure and hardness analysed. Firstly, cracking owing to the formation of brittle intermediate phases has been detected. Secondly, an increase of the hardness and a decrease of the corrosion resistance has been observed when transitioning from AISI 316L to AISI H13. Thirdly, despite the FGM composition evolving linearly, nonlinear material properties such as hardness and corrosion have been observed, which are conditioned by the microstructure formed during the L‑DED process and the nonlinear influence of the composition of steel on such properties. Consequently, nonlinear compositional gradients are recommended if linear mechanical properties are to be obtained in the case of steel FGMs.

ACS Style

Marta Ostolaza; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz; Magdalena Cortina. Functionally Graded AISI 316L and AISI H13 Manufactured by L-DED for Die and Mould Applications. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 771 .

AMA Style

Marta Ostolaza, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Aitzol Lamikiz, Magdalena Cortina. Functionally Graded AISI 316L and AISI H13 Manufactured by L-DED for Die and Mould Applications. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):771.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Ostolaza; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz; Magdalena Cortina. 2021. "Functionally Graded AISI 316L and AISI H13 Manufactured by L-DED for Die and Mould Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2: 771.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2020 in Metals
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The scope of this work is to present a reverse engineering (RE) methodology to achieve accurate polygon models for 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) applications, as well as NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) surfaces for advanced machining processes. The accuracy of the 3D models generated by this RE process depends on the data acquisition system, the scanning conditions and the data processing techniques. To carry out this study, workpieces of different material and geometry were selected, using X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) and a Laser Scanner (LS) as data acquisition systems for scanning purposes. Once this is done, this work focuses on the data processing step in order to assess the accuracy of applying different processing techniques. Special attention is given to the XRCT data processing step. For that reason, the models generated from the LS point clouds processing step were utilized as a reference to perform the deviation analysis. Nonetheless, the proposed methodology could be applied for both data inputs: 2D cross-sectional images and point clouds. Finally, the target outputs of this data processing chain were evaluated due to their own reverse engineering applications, highlighting the promising future of the proposed methodology.

ACS Style

Alejandro Pascual; Naiara Ortega; Soraya Plaza; Ibon Holgado; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta. A RE Methodology to Achieve Accurate Polygon Models and NURBS Surfaces by Applying Different Data Processing Techniques. Metals 2020, 10, 1508 .

AMA Style

Alejandro Pascual, Naiara Ortega, Soraya Plaza, Ibon Holgado, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta. A RE Methodology to Achieve Accurate Polygon Models and NURBS Surfaces by Applying Different Data Processing Techniques. Metals. 2020; 10 (11):1508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandro Pascual; Naiara Ortega; Soraya Plaza; Ibon Holgado; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta. 2020. "A RE Methodology to Achieve Accurate Polygon Models and NURBS Surfaces by Applying Different Data Processing Techniques." Metals 10, no. 11: 1508.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The paper presents the results of an analysis based on the photodiode monitoring signals obtained during the laser cutting of aluminum and stainless steel plates. The mean level of the monitoring signal was measured and related to the process parameters and the quality achieved. The investigation was conducted in the visible and infrared spectra simultaneously for each experiment and a similar behavior at both spectra was observed, concluding the existence of a relationship between the monitoring signal, the quality of the performed cut, and the characteristics of the cutting scenario. Both visible and infrared monitoring signals were found not to vary as long as the parameter used values ensuring that the cut quality was good. Nevertheless, their mean values tended to increase as the cutting quality became worse. The measured intensity of the visible spectrum signal was associated with the vapor plume formation during the cutting process, whereas the infrared signal was related to the temperatures reached.

ACS Style

Sonia M. Garcia; Joana Ramos; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Jordi Figueras. Analysis of Photodiode Monitoring in Laser Cutting. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6556 .

AMA Style

Sonia M. Garcia, Joana Ramos, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Jordi Figueras. Analysis of Photodiode Monitoring in Laser Cutting. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (18):6556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sonia M. Garcia; Joana Ramos; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Jordi Figueras. 2020. "Analysis of Photodiode Monitoring in Laser Cutting." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18: 6556.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2020 in Journal of Manufacturing Processes
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A comparison between a conventional AISI H13 hot stamping tool and a bimetallic tool consisting of an AISI 1045 core and a laser-deposited AISI H13 coating is performed. In order to analyze the performance of bimetallic tools, the material compatibility and quality of the coating are analyzed. Besides, the mechanical properties are evaluated and compared with those of the conventional tool, obtaining mechanically equivalent results. Nevertheless, the real conductivity of the laser deposited AISI H13 is found to be 16 % lower than the theoretical value. Hence, a thermal model of the hot stamping process is developed, and the performance of various coating thicknesses is evaluated. Results show that, in the present case study, an AISI 1045 tool with a 1 mm AISI H13 coating ensures the mechanical properties and reduces the cycle time by 44.5 % when compared to a conventional AISI H13 tool.

ACS Style

Magdalena Cortina; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Aitzol Lamikiz. Thermomechanical analysis of additively manufactured bimetallic tools for hot stamping. Journal of Manufacturing Processes 2020, 57, 905 -918.

AMA Style

Magdalena Cortina, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Jose Exequiel Ruiz, Aitzol Lamikiz. Thermomechanical analysis of additively manufactured bimetallic tools for hot stamping. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 2020; 57 ():905-918.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Cortina; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2020. "Thermomechanical analysis of additively manufactured bimetallic tools for hot stamping." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 57, no. : 905-918.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2020 in EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria
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Fabrikazio-prozesu gehigarri eta kengarrien arteko konbinaketa oso erabilgarria da geometria konplexuko eta balio-erantsi altuko piezen konponketarako. Prozesuak bateratzeko aukera hoberena, beraiek makinabakarrean barneratzea da. Alabaina, bateratze honetan erronka anitzak agertzen dira, besteak beste, mekanizazioprozesuan erabiltzen diren ebaketa-jariakinek jarraiko gehitze-prozesuan izan dezaketen eraginaren ezjakintasunaren ondorioz. Egoera honen aurrean, berotako trokelgintzan ohikoa den AISI H13aren kasurako ebaketa-jariakinarekin kutsaturiko gainazalean laser bidez materiala eranstean ager daitezkeen akatsen azterketa gauzatu da. Olio-maila anitzekin egin dira saiakuntzak eta gainazal garbian egindako erreferentziazko saiakuntzarekin alderatu dira lorturiko emaitzak. Aldaera morfologikoak nabaritzeaz gain, %100 olio-kontzentrazioko ebaketa-jariakina erabiltzen deneko kasuan erantsitako materiala arrakalatu egiten dela ikusi da, egoera honetan fabrikaturiko piezak baliogabetuz. Hortaz, AISI H13aren kasuan gehitze-prozesuaren aurretik gainazalean egon daitezkeen ebaketa-jariakinen garbiketa beharrezkoa dela ikusi da.

ACS Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Marta Ostolaza; Aitzol Lamikiz; Eneko Ukar. Txirbil-harroketan erabilitako ebaketa-jariakinaren eragina laser bidezko prozesu gehigarrian konformaziorako trokelen konponketaren kasuan. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Magdalena Cortina, Marta Ostolaza, Aitzol Lamikiz, Eneko Ukar. Txirbil-harroketan erabilitako ebaketa-jariakinaren eragina laser bidezko prozesu gehigarrian konformaziorako trokelen konponketaren kasuan. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Marta Ostolaza; Aitzol Lamikiz; Eneko Ukar. 2020. "Txirbil-harroketan erabilitako ebaketa-jariakinaren eragina laser bidezko prozesu gehigarrian konformaziorako trokelen konponketaren kasuan." EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in DYNA
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In the last few years, the requirements that manufacturers demand in terms of material specifications have risen considerably. The highly competitive industry leads to the development of new materials by means of alternative manufacturing processes, such as Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) manufactured by Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). Coatings made from metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles are of particular interest in the manufacturing of dies and molds for hot stamping processes, as they allow improving the wear behavior even when working in aggressive environments. This permits increasing the lifespan of these high added value components. To analyze this kind of coating, monolayer specimens constituted by hot work tool steel (AISI H13) and tungsten carbide (WC) have been deposited. The high hardness of the WC may lead to a considerable improvement in the tribological and mechanical properties. In order to characterize and quantify this enhancement, wear tests have been performed in coatings manufactured with different concentrations of WC. In addition, the metallurgical integrity of the deposited clads has been analyzed. Lastly, the hardness of the clads has been measured. It has been concluded that this kind of multi-material coatings leads to an increase of the wear resistance and hardness. However, it is necessary to control the dilution of the reinforcing phase in the matrix, and to use adequate post-processing methods since, given the high hardness of the clads, the tendency to crack also increases. Keywords: Metal Matrix Composites, Laser Metal Deposition, hardness, wear, die and mold, hot stamping, tungsten carbide, hot work tool steel, metallurgical integrity

ACS Style

Marta Ostolaza Gaztelupe; Magdalena Cortina Buron; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. ENHANCEMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BY LASER METAL DEPOSITION OF AISI H13 AND WC COATINGS. DYNA 2020, 95, 430 -435.

AMA Style

Marta Ostolaza Gaztelupe, Magdalena Cortina Buron, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate, Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. ENHANCEMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BY LASER METAL DEPOSITION OF AISI H13 AND WC COATINGS. DYNA. 2020; 95 (1):430-435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Ostolaza Gaztelupe; Magdalena Cortina Buron; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. 2020. "ENHANCEMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BY LASER METAL DEPOSITION OF AISI H13 AND WC COATINGS." DYNA 95, no. 1: 430-435.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in DYNA
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An analytical model has been developed for the laser welding process which, based on multipole theory, predicts the depth of the weld bead at a very low computational cost. For this, the model starts from the thermal field previously calculated considering only the heat transfer by conduction, and includes the influence of the monopoles, dipoles and quadrupoles, which allows considering the finite thickness of the sheet to be welded, the latent heat of the material and the internal movement of the molten material, respectively. The model has been experimentally validated for Inconel 718 and the case in which a wobble strategy is used, which is a combination of linear advance motion and superposed oscillatory motion resulting in a trochoidal trajectory. For the different situations analyzed, and thanks to the consideration of multipole, the model is able to determine the depth of the weld bead with an error below 12%. This is a considerable improvement over the situation in which the multipole effect was not considered and the heat transfer was modelled only by conduction, since in this case around 50% errors are obtained, which demonstrates the validity of the model. Keywords: Laser welding, wobble, analytical model, multipole theory.

ACS Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate; Iñigo Hernando Arriandiaga; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka; Eneko Ukar Arrien. LASER WELDING DEPTH EVALUATION BY MEANS OF AN ANALYTIC MODEL. DYNA 2020, 95, 400 -404.

AMA Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate, Iñigo Hernando Arriandiaga, Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka, Eneko Ukar Arrien. LASER WELDING DEPTH EVALUATION BY MEANS OF AN ANALYTIC MODEL. DYNA. 2020; 95 (1):400-404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate; Iñigo Hernando Arriandiaga; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka; Eneko Ukar Arrien. 2020. "LASER WELDING DEPTH EVALUATION BY MEANS OF AN ANALYTIC MODEL." DYNA 95, no. 1: 400-404.

Review
Published: 17 February 2020 in Metals
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Additive Manufacturing, AM, is considered to be environmentally friendly when compared to conventional manufacturing processes. Most researchers focus on resource consumption when performing the corresponding Life Cycle Analysis, LCA, of AM. To that end, the sustainability of AM is compared to processes like milling. Nevertheless, factors such as resource use, pollution, and the effects of AM on human health and society should be also taken into account before determining its environmental impact. In addition, in powder-based AM, handling the powder becomes an issue to be addressed, considering both the operator´s health and the subsequent management of the powder used. In view of these requirements, the fundamentals of the different powder-based AM processes were studied and special attention paid to the health risks derived from the high concentrations of certain chemical compounds existing in the typically employed materials. A review of previous work related to the environmental impact of AM is presented, highlighting the gaps found and the areas where deeper research is required. Finally, the implications of the reuse of metallic powder and the procedures to be followed for the disposal of waste are studied.

ACS Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Olatz Ukar; Marta Ostolaza; Arantza Mugica. Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling. Metals 2020, 10, 261 .

AMA Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Olatz Ukar, Marta Ostolaza, Arantza Mugica. Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling. Metals. 2020; 10 (2):261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Olatz Ukar; Marta Ostolaza; Arantza Mugica. 2020. "Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling." Metals 10, no. 2: 261.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2020 in Coatings
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Dissimilar joining between metal and composite sheets is usually carried out by mechanical or adhesive joining. Laser dissimilar joining between metal and composite sheets could be an alternative to these methods, as it is a cost-effective and versatile joining technique. Previously, textured metallic and composite parts have been held together and heated with a laser beam while pressure is applied to allow the melted polymer to flow into the cavities of the metal part. The main issue of this process relates to reaching the same joint strength repetitively with appropriate process parameters. In this work, both initial texturing and laser joining parameters are studied for Al 7075-T6 and glass-fiber-reinforced PA6 composite. A groove-based geometry was studied in terms of depth-to-width aspect ratio to find an optimal surface using a nanosecond fiber laser for texturing. Laser joining parameters were also studied with different combinations of surface temperature, heating strategy, pressure, and laser feed rate. The results are relatively good for grooves with aspect ratios from 0.94 to 4.15, with the widths of the grooves being the most critical factor. In terms of joining parameters, surface reference temperature was found to be the most influential parameter. Underheating does not allow correct material flow in textured cavities, while overheating also causes high dispersion in the resulting shear strength. When optimal parameters are applied using correct textures, shear strength values over 26 kN are reached, with a contact area of 35 × 45 mm2.

ACS Style

Eneko Ukar; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Mercedes Ferros; Maite Andres; Fernando Liebana. Laser Dissimilar Joining of Al7075T6 with Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide Composite. Coatings 2020, 10, 96 .

AMA Style

Eneko Ukar, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Mercedes Ferros, Maite Andres, Fernando Liebana. Laser Dissimilar Joining of Al7075T6 with Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide Composite. Coatings. 2020; 10 (2):96.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eneko Ukar; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Mercedes Ferros; Maite Andres; Fernando Liebana. 2020. "Laser Dissimilar Joining of Al7075T6 with Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide Composite." Coatings 10, no. 2: 96.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2020 in Metals
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Additive manufacturing is a technology that enables the repair and coating of high-added-value parts. In applications such as hot stamping, the thermal behavior of the material is essential to ensure the proper operation of the manufactured part. Therefore, the effective thermal diffusivity of the material needs to be evaluated. In the present work, the thermal diffusivity of laser-deposited AISI H13 is measured experimentally using flash and lock-in thermography. Because of the fast cooling rate that characterizes the additive process and the associated grain refinement, the effective thermal diffusivity of the laser-deposited AISI H13 is approximately 15% lower than the reference value of the cast AISI H13. Despite the directional nature of the process, the laser-deposited material’s thermal diffusivity behavior is found to be isotropic. The paper also presents a case study that illustrates the impact of considering the effective thermal conductivity of the deposited material on the hot stamping process.

ACS Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Arantza Mendioroz; Agustín Salazar; Aitzol Lamikiz. Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of Laser-Deposited AISI H13 Tool Steel and Impact on Cooling Performance of Hot Stamping Tools. Metals 2020, 10, 154 .

AMA Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Magdalena Cortina, Arantza Mendioroz, Agustín Salazar, Aitzol Lamikiz. Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of Laser-Deposited AISI H13 Tool Steel and Impact on Cooling Performance of Hot Stamping Tools. Metals. 2020; 10 (1):154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Arantza Mendioroz; Agustín Salazar; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2020. "Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of Laser-Deposited AISI H13 Tool Steel and Impact on Cooling Performance of Hot Stamping Tools." Metals 10, no. 1: 154.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria
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Berotako estanpazioan xafla metalikoaren hozketa egokirako hain beharrezkoak diren hozketa-hodiak gaur egun zulaketa bidez fabrikatzea beste irtenbide teknologikorik ez dago. Hala, haien forma fabrikazio-prozesu horrek mugatzen du, eta, hortaz, ezinezkoa da trokelaren gainazal kurboekiko paraleloak diren hozketa-hodiak fabrikatzea. Ondorioz, konformaturiko xaflaren hozketa ez-homogeneoa lortzen da, eta bukaerako piezak propietate mekaniko aldakorrak ditu gune batean eta bestean. Murrizketa horri aurre egiteko helburuarekin, erabaki da hozketa-hodiak laser-ekarpeneko prozesuaren bidez fabrikatzea eta ikerlan honetan prozesu horren bideragarritasuna aztertu da.

ACS Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Eneko Ukar; Magdalena Cortina; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Ines Aseginolaza; Aitzol Lamikiz. Hozketa-hodien fabrikazioa berotako trokeletan laser-ekarpen bidez. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria 2019, 71 -94.

AMA Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Eneko Ukar, Magdalena Cortina, Jose Exequiel Ruiz, Ines Aseginolaza, Aitzol Lamikiz. Hozketa-hodien fabrikazioa berotako trokeletan laser-ekarpen bidez. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria. 2019; ():71-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Eneko Ukar; Magdalena Cortina; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Ines Aseginolaza; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2019. "Hozketa-hodien fabrikazioa berotako trokeletan laser-ekarpen bidez." EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria , no. : 71-94.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria
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Zehaztasunaren ikuspuntutik makina-erreminten diseinuan, eraikuntzan eta martxan jartzean kontuan eduki behar diren puntu garrantzitsuenak bildu dira ikerlan honetan. Horregatik, artikulu honetan, makina-erremintaren diseinu-printzipio garrantzitsuenak azaltzen dira. Gainera, makina-erremintetan ager daitezkeen erroreen ondoriozko ziurgabetasuna zenbatesteko gaur egun gehien erabiltzen den metodoan sakontzen da: errore-aurrekontua. Are gehiago, diseinu egokirako kontuan hartu behar diren printzipioak deskribatzen dira. Azkenik, makina-erreminta muntatu ostean, haren zehaztasuna zenbatesteko existitzen diren nazioarteko arau garrantzitsuenak aztertu dira.

ACS Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Ainhoa Celaya; Eneko Ukar; Aitzol Lamikiz. Makina-erreminten errendimendua eta zehaztasuna. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria 2019, 9 -30.

AMA Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Ainhoa Celaya, Eneko Ukar, Aitzol Lamikiz. Makina-erreminten errendimendua eta zehaztasuna. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria. 2019; ():9-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Ainhoa Celaya; Eneko Ukar; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2019. "Makina-erreminten errendimendua eta zehaztasuna." EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria , no. : 9-30.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Procedia Manufacturing
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Increasing demand in the automotive industry for high strength and lightweight components has led to the promotion and development of hot stamping processes. The integration of adaptive or conformal cooling channels within the stamping tools opens the possibility to increase the cooling performance of the process, thus improving not only the quality of the final part but also shortening the process cycle. The present work aims to evaluate the thermal field of the stamped blank, as well as to quantify the cycle-time reduction and the process efficiency in the hot stamping of a B-pillar type geometry when using conformal instead of straight-drilled cooling channels. To that end, a transient thermal simulation of the hot-stamping process is performed by means of ANSYS workbench software. Thirty consecutive stamping operations, including the intermediate cooling stages required for the blank unloading and loading, are simulated in order to ensure that the tools have reached a thermally stable regime. In this situation, the temperature differences in the tools, as well as their influence in the cooling process of the blank have been studied. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that conformal cooling enables to reduce the cycle time by 3 s when compared to the straight-drilled tool, which involves a 15% process performance increase. Besides, positioning the conformal cooling channels closer to the surface implies a 5 s cycle-time reduction with regard to the straight-drilled tool, which leads to a 25% process-time reduction, and therefore, productivity increase.

ACS Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Marta Ostolaza; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Aitzol Lamikiz. Case Study: Modeling of the cycle time reduction in a B-Pillar hot stamping operation using conformal cooling. Procedia Manufacturing 2019, 41, 50 -57.

AMA Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Magdalena Cortina, Marta Ostolaza, Jose Exequiel Ruiz, Aitzol Lamikiz. Case Study: Modeling of the cycle time reduction in a B-Pillar hot stamping operation using conformal cooling. Procedia Manufacturing. 2019; 41 ():50-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Marta Ostolaza; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2019. "Case Study: Modeling of the cycle time reduction in a B-Pillar hot stamping operation using conformal cooling." Procedia Manufacturing 41, no. : 50-57.

Review
Published: 18 December 2018 in Materials
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Hybrid machine tools combining additive and subtractive processes have arisen as a solution to increasing manufacture requirements, boosting the potentials of both technologies, while compensating and minimizing their limitations. Nevertheless, the idea of hybrid machines is relatively new and there is a notable lack of knowledge about the implications arisen from their in-practice use. Therefore, the main goal of the present paper is to fill the existing gap, giving an insight into the current advancements and pending tasks of hybrid machines both from an academic and industrial perspective. To that end, the technical-economical potentials and challenges emerging from their use are identified and critically discussed. In addition, the current situation and future perspectives of hybrid machines from the point of view of process planning, monitoring, and inspection are analyzed. On the one hand, it is found that hybrid machines enable a more efficient use of the resources available, as well as the production of previously unattainable complex parts. On the other hand, it is concluded that there are still some technological challenges derived from the interaction of additive and subtractive processes to be overcome (e.g., process planning, decision planning, use of cutting fluids, and need for a post-processing) before a full implantation of hybrid machines is fulfilled.

ACS Style

Magdalena Cortina; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Eneko Ukar; Aitzol Lamikiz. Latest Developments in Industrial Hybrid Machine Tools that Combine Additive and Subtractive Operations. Materials 2018, 11, 2583 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Cortina, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Jose Exequiel Ruiz, Eneko Ukar, Aitzol Lamikiz. Latest Developments in Industrial Hybrid Machine Tools that Combine Additive and Subtractive Operations. Materials. 2018; 11 (12):2583.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Cortina; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Eneko Ukar; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2018. "Latest Developments in Industrial Hybrid Machine Tools that Combine Additive and Subtractive Operations." Materials 11, no. 12: 2583.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2018 in Procedia CIRP
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The use of hybrid manufacturing processes that combine additive and machining operations is on increase and an example of it is the fact that the most advanced machine tool manufacturers have developed hybrid machines solutions. Nevertheless, cutting fluid required for machining operations can present several problems for the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process. In order to solve this issue, the present work evaluates the influence of the coolants in the LMD process from the point of view of pore generation and clad quality. For this purpose, several tests are performed on a part impregnated with cutting fluid, both directly and after the elimination of the fluid by means of different alternatives.

ACS Style

Magdalena Cortina; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Eneko Ukar; Aitzol Lamikiz. Study of the porosity generated by the use of cutting fluid in hybrid processes combining machining and Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). Procedia CIRP 2018, 74, 733 -737.

AMA Style

Magdalena Cortina, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Jose Exequiel Ruiz, Eneko Ukar, Aitzol Lamikiz. Study of the porosity generated by the use of cutting fluid in hybrid processes combining machining and Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). Procedia CIRP. 2018; 74 ():733-737.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Cortina; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Eneko Ukar; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2018. "Study of the porosity generated by the use of cutting fluid in hybrid processes combining machining and Laser Metal Deposition (LMD)." Procedia CIRP 74, no. : 733-737.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2018 in Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
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Laser Cladding is one of the leading processes within Additive Manufacturing technologies, which has concentrated a considerable amount of effort on its development. In regard to the latter, the current study aims to summarize the influence of the most relevant process parameters in the laser cladding processing of single and compound volumes (solid forms) made from AISI 316L stainless steel powders and using a coaxial nozzle for their deposition. Process speed, applied laser power and powder flow are considered to be the main variables affecting the laser cladding in single clads, whereas overlap percentage and overlapping strategy also become relevant when dealing with multiple clads. By setting appropriate values for each process parameter, the main goal of this paper is to develop a processing window in which a good metallurgical bond between the delivered powder and the substrate is obtained, trying simultaneously to maintain processing times at their lowest value possible. Conventional metallography techniques were performed on the cross sections of the laser tracks to measure the effective dimensions of clads, height and width, as well as the resulting dilution value. Besides the influence of the overlap between contiguous clads and layers, physical defects such as porosity and cracks were also evaluated. Optimum process parameters to maximize productivity were defined as 13 mm/s, 2500 W, 30% of overlap and a 25 g/min powder feed rate.

ACS Style

Piera Alvarez; M. Ángeles Montealegre; Jose F. Pulido-Jiménez; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta. Analysis of the Process Parameter Influence in Laser Cladding of 316L Stainless Steel. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 2018, 2, 55 .

AMA Style

Piera Alvarez, M. Ángeles Montealegre, Jose F. Pulido-Jiménez, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta. Analysis of the Process Parameter Influence in Laser Cladding of 316L Stainless Steel. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing. 2018; 2 (3):55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piera Alvarez; M. Ángeles Montealegre; Jose F. Pulido-Jiménez; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta. 2018. "Analysis of the Process Parameter Influence in Laser Cladding of 316L Stainless Steel." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 2, no. 3: 55.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2018 in International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture
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The presented numerical model solves the heat and mass transfer equations in the Laser Metal Deposition process and based on the evolution of the thermal field predicts the grainsize, the resulting hardness and evaluates the pores formation probability in an AISI 304 stainless steel. For this purpose, in a first step, the model calculates the shape of the deposited material and the variations of the temperature field. In a second step, and based on the evolution of the thermal field, the model calculates the resulting hardness of the deposited material, the grainsize and the porosity formation probability after the deposition process. Numerical results are experimentally validated, and good agreement is obtained. Consequently, besides predicting the geometry of the resulting part and the evolution of the thermal field, the developed model enables to evaluate the quality of the deposited material. Therefore, the optimum process conditions and strategy when depositing AISI 304 stainless steel can be determined without initial trial-and-error tests.

ACS Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz; Magdalena Cortina; Eneko Ukar; Amaia Alberdi. Hardness, grainsize and porosity formation prediction on the Laser Metal Deposition of AISI 304 stainless steel. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 2018, 135, 53 -64.

AMA Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Aitzol Lamikiz, Magdalena Cortina, Eneko Ukar, Amaia Alberdi. Hardness, grainsize and porosity formation prediction on the Laser Metal Deposition of AISI 304 stainless steel. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 2018; 135 ():53-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz; Magdalena Cortina; Eneko Ukar; Amaia Alberdi. 2018. "Hardness, grainsize and porosity formation prediction on the Laser Metal Deposition of AISI 304 stainless steel." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 135, no. : 53-64.

Journal article
Published: 09 August 2018 in Materials
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The use of the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) technology as a manufacturing and repairing technique in industrial sectors like the die and mold and aerospace is increasing within the last decades. Research carried out in the field of LMD process situates argon as the most usual inert gas, followed by nitrogen. Some leading companies have started to use helium and argon as carrier and shielding gas, respectively. There is therefore a pressing need to know how the use of different gases may affect the LMD process due there being a lack of knowledge with regard to gas mixtures. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the influence of a mixture of argon and helium on the LMD process by analyzing single tracks of deposited material. For this purpose, special attention is paid to the melt pool temperature, as well as to the characterization of the deposited clads. The increment of helium concentration in the gases of the LMD processes based on argon will have three effects. The first one is a slight reduction of the height of the clads. Second, an increase of the temperature of the melt pool. Last, smaller wet angles are obtained for higher helium concentrations.

ACS Style

Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Magdalena Cortina; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz. Study of the Influence of Shielding Gases on Laser Metal Deposition of Inconel 718 Superalloy. Materials 2018, 11, 1388 .

AMA Style

Jose Exequiel Ruiz, Magdalena Cortina, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Aitzol Lamikiz. Study of the Influence of Shielding Gases on Laser Metal Deposition of Inconel 718 Superalloy. Materials. 2018; 11 (8):1388.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Magdalena Cortina; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2018. "Study of the Influence of Shielding Gases on Laser Metal Deposition of Inconel 718 Superalloy." Materials 11, no. 8: 1388.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2018 in Materials
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The present work proposes a novel manufacturing technique based on the combination of Laser Metal Deposition, Laser Beam Machining, and laser polishing processes for the complete manufacturing of complex parts. Therefore, the complete process is based on the application of a laser heat source both for the building of the preform shape of the part by additive manufacturing and for the finishing operations. Their combination enables the manufacture of near-net-shape parts and afterwards removes the excess material via laser machining, which has proved to be capable of eliminating the waviness resulting from the additive process. Besides, surface quality is improved via laser polishing so that the roughness of the final part is reduced. Therefore, conventional machining operations are eliminated, which results in a much cleaner process. To validate the capability of this new approach, the dimensional accuracy and surface quality as well as the microstructure of the resulting parts are evaluated. The process has been validated on an Inconel 718 test part, where a previously additively built-up part has been finished by means of laser machining and laser polishing.

ACS Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Aitzol Lamikiz. Combination of Laser Material Deposition and Laser Surface Processes for the Holistic Manufacture of Inconel 718 Components. Materials 2018, 11, 1247 .

AMA Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Magdalena Cortina, Jose Exequiel Ruiz, Aitzol Lamikiz. Combination of Laser Material Deposition and Laser Surface Processes for the Holistic Manufacture of Inconel 718 Components. Materials. 2018; 11 (7):1247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Jose Exequiel Ruiz; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2018. "Combination of Laser Material Deposition and Laser Surface Processes for the Holistic Manufacture of Inconel 718 Components." Materials 11, no. 7: 1247.

Journal article
Published: 12 July 2018 in Metals
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A numerical model was developed for predicting the bead geometry and microstructure in laser beam welding of 2 mm thickness Inconel 718 sheets. The experiments were carried out with a 1 kW maximum power fiber laser coupled with a galvanometric scanner. Wobble strategy was employed for sweeping 1 mm wide circular areas for creating the weld seams, and a specific tooling was manufactured for supplying protective argon gas during the welding process. The numerical model takes into account both the laser beam absorption and the melt-pool fluid movement along the bead section, resulting in a weld geometry that depends on the process input parameters, such as feed rate and laser power. The microstructure of the beads was also estimated based on the cooling rate of the material. Features such as bead upper and bottom final shapes, weld penetration, and dendritic arm spacing, were numerically and experimentally analyzed and discussed. The results given by the numerical analysis agree with the tests, making the model a robust predictive tool.

ACS Style

Iñigo Hernando; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz; Eneko Ukar. Numerical Model for Predicting Bead Geometry and Microstructure in Laser Beam Welding of Inconel 718 Sheets. Metals 2018, 8, 536 .

AMA Style

Iñigo Hernando, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Aitzol Lamikiz, Eneko Ukar. Numerical Model for Predicting Bead Geometry and Microstructure in Laser Beam Welding of Inconel 718 Sheets. Metals. 2018; 8 (7):536.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iñigo Hernando; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz; Eneko Ukar. 2018. "Numerical Model for Predicting Bead Geometry and Microstructure in Laser Beam Welding of Inconel 718 Sheets." Metals 8, no. 7: 536.