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Marta Ostolaza finished her master´s degree in Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Manufacturing in 2018 and is currently working on her PhD in Advanced Manufacturing Technologies and Additive Manufacturing. She has been working as a researcher at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) since 2018. Her PhD work focuses on multi-material Direct Energy Deposition and Functionally Graded Materials for coating applications, which includes both experimental and simulation works. This research activity has resulted in two indexed publications and contributions to national and international conferences.
Tooling in the die and mould industry is subjected to high-wear and high-temperature environments, which often leads to the premature failure of this high-added-value tooling. When severe damage occurs, an alternative to replacing the whole component consists of the repair by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). For that end, intermediate layers are commonly employed as buffer material, where introducing a functionally graded material (FGM) might be beneficial to avoid material incompatibilities and improve the overall performance of the tooling. In the present work, an FGM composed of gradient AISI 316L to AISI H13 has been manufactured, and its microstructure and hardness analysed. Firstly, cracking owing to the formation of brittle intermediate phases has been detected. Secondly, an increase of the hardness and a decrease of the corrosion resistance has been observed when transitioning from AISI 316L to AISI H13. Thirdly, despite the FGM composition evolving linearly, nonlinear material properties such as hardness and corrosion have been observed, which are conditioned by the microstructure formed during the L‑DED process and the nonlinear influence of the composition of steel on such properties. Consequently, nonlinear compositional gradients are recommended if linear mechanical properties are to be obtained in the case of steel FGMs.
Marta Ostolaza; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz; Magdalena Cortina. Functionally Graded AISI 316L and AISI H13 Manufactured by L-DED for Die and Mould Applications. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 771 .
AMA StyleMarta Ostolaza, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Aitzol Lamikiz, Magdalena Cortina. Functionally Graded AISI 316L and AISI H13 Manufactured by L-DED for Die and Mould Applications. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Ostolaza; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Aitzol Lamikiz; Magdalena Cortina. 2021. "Functionally Graded AISI 316L and AISI H13 Manufactured by L-DED for Die and Mould Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2: 771.
Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) coatings have become increasingly important in recent years because of their high wear resistance in aggressive environments. These coatings can be efficiently manufactured by Laser Metal Deposition, as it is known to perform well in repair and coating applications due to its low substrate affection. However, there are many challenges to be faced when metallic and ceramic materials are combined. In fact, inhomogeneous material distribution and lack of metallurgical integrity are issues to be addressed. For this purpose, the use of Functionally Graded Materials is proposed. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the procedure and deposition strategies to follow in order to obtain crack-free coatings. In the present work, the main challenges for the deposition of such coatings have been experimentally identified, particularly for Stellite 6 reinforced with tungsten carbide. To that end, the quality of the deposited coatings and their composition has been assessed. Furthermore, as the dilution of the reinforcement phase has not been studied in depth in the literature when ceramic particles are used, in the present study, an analysis of the dilution of the ceramic phase in the metal matrix is performed when different WC concentrations are fed.
Marta Ostolaza; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Aitzol Lamikiz. Study of the reinforcement phase dilution into the metal matrix in functionally graded Stellite 6 and WC metal matrix composite by Laser Metal Deposition. Procedia CIRP 2020, 94, 330 -335.
AMA StyleMarta Ostolaza, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Magdalena Cortina, Aitzol Lamikiz. Study of the reinforcement phase dilution into the metal matrix in functionally graded Stellite 6 and WC metal matrix composite by Laser Metal Deposition. Procedia CIRP. 2020; 94 ():330-335.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Ostolaza; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Aitzol Lamikiz. 2020. "Study of the reinforcement phase dilution into the metal matrix in functionally graded Stellite 6 and WC metal matrix composite by Laser Metal Deposition." Procedia CIRP 94, no. : 330-335.
Fabrikazio-prozesu gehigarri eta kengarrien arteko konbinaketa oso erabilgarria da geometria konplexuko eta balio-erantsi altuko piezen konponketarako. Prozesuak bateratzeko aukera hoberena, beraiek makinabakarrean barneratzea da. Alabaina, bateratze honetan erronka anitzak agertzen dira, besteak beste, mekanizazioprozesuan erabiltzen diren ebaketa-jariakinek jarraiko gehitze-prozesuan izan dezaketen eraginaren ezjakintasunaren ondorioz. Egoera honen aurrean, berotako trokelgintzan ohikoa den AISI H13aren kasurako ebaketa-jariakinarekin kutsaturiko gainazalean laser bidez materiala eranstean ager daitezkeen akatsen azterketa gauzatu da. Olio-maila anitzekin egin dira saiakuntzak eta gainazal garbian egindako erreferentziazko saiakuntzarekin alderatu dira lorturiko emaitzak. Aldaera morfologikoak nabaritzeaz gain, %100 olio-kontzentrazioko ebaketa-jariakina erabiltzen deneko kasuan erantsitako materiala arrakalatu egiten dela ikusi da, egoera honetan fabrikaturiko piezak baliogabetuz. Hortaz, AISI H13aren kasuan gehitze-prozesuaren aurretik gainazalean egon daitezkeen ebaketa-jariakinen garbiketa beharrezkoa dela ikusi da.
Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Marta Ostolaza; Aitzol Lamikiz; Eneko Ukar. Txirbil-harroketan erabilitako ebaketa-jariakinaren eragina laser bidezko prozesu gehigarrian konformaziorako trokelen konponketaren kasuan. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Magdalena Cortina, Marta Ostolaza, Aitzol Lamikiz, Eneko Ukar. Txirbil-harroketan erabilitako ebaketa-jariakinaren eragina laser bidezko prozesu gehigarrian konformaziorako trokelen konponketaren kasuan. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Magdalena Cortina; Marta Ostolaza; Aitzol Lamikiz; Eneko Ukar. 2020. "Txirbil-harroketan erabilitako ebaketa-jariakinaren eragina laser bidezko prozesu gehigarrian konformaziorako trokelen konponketaren kasuan." EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria , no. : 1.
In the last few years, the requirements that manufacturers demand in terms of material specifications have risen considerably. The highly competitive industry leads to the development of new materials by means of alternative manufacturing processes, such as Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) manufactured by Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). Coatings made from metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles are of particular interest in the manufacturing of dies and molds for hot stamping processes, as they allow improving the wear behavior even when working in aggressive environments. This permits increasing the lifespan of these high added value components. To analyze this kind of coating, monolayer specimens constituted by hot work tool steel (AISI H13) and tungsten carbide (WC) have been deposited. The high hardness of the WC may lead to a considerable improvement in the tribological and mechanical properties. In order to characterize and quantify this enhancement, wear tests have been performed in coatings manufactured with different concentrations of WC. In addition, the metallurgical integrity of the deposited clads has been analyzed. Lastly, the hardness of the clads has been measured. It has been concluded that this kind of multi-material coatings leads to an increase of the wear resistance and hardness. However, it is necessary to control the dilution of the reinforcing phase in the matrix, and to use adequate post-processing methods since, given the high hardness of the clads, the tendency to crack also increases. Keywords: Metal Matrix Composites, Laser Metal Deposition, hardness, wear, die and mold, hot stamping, tungsten carbide, hot work tool steel, metallurgical integrity
Marta Ostolaza Gaztelupe; Magdalena Cortina Buron; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. ENHANCEMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BY LASER METAL DEPOSITION OF AISI H13 AND WC COATINGS. DYNA 2020, 95, 430 -435.
AMA StyleMarta Ostolaza Gaztelupe, Magdalena Cortina Buron, Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate, Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. ENHANCEMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BY LASER METAL DEPOSITION OF AISI H13 AND WC COATINGS. DYNA. 2020; 95 (1):430-435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Ostolaza Gaztelupe; Magdalena Cortina Buron; Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta Arrate; Aitzol Lamikiz Mentxaka. 2020. "ENHANCEMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES BY LASER METAL DEPOSITION OF AISI H13 AND WC COATINGS." DYNA 95, no. 1: 430-435.
Additive Manufacturing, AM, is considered to be environmentally friendly when compared to conventional manufacturing processes. Most researchers focus on resource consumption when performing the corresponding Life Cycle Analysis, LCA, of AM. To that end, the sustainability of AM is compared to processes like milling. Nevertheless, factors such as resource use, pollution, and the effects of AM on human health and society should be also taken into account before determining its environmental impact. In addition, in powder-based AM, handling the powder becomes an issue to be addressed, considering both the operator´s health and the subsequent management of the powder used. In view of these requirements, the fundamentals of the different powder-based AM processes were studied and special attention paid to the health risks derived from the high concentrations of certain chemical compounds existing in the typically employed materials. A review of previous work related to the environmental impact of AM is presented, highlighting the gaps found and the areas where deeper research is required. Finally, the implications of the reuse of metallic powder and the procedures to be followed for the disposal of waste are studied.
Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Olatz Ukar; Marta Ostolaza; Arantza Mugica. Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling. Metals 2020, 10, 261 .
AMA StyleJon Iñaki Arrizubieta, Olatz Ukar, Marta Ostolaza, Arantza Mugica. Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling. Metals. 2020; 10 (2):261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJon Iñaki Arrizubieta; Olatz Ukar; Marta Ostolaza; Arantza Mugica. 2020. "Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling." Metals 10, no. 2: 261.
Wire deformation and vibration are classical topics of WEDM research. Many high-added value components (aerospace, medical, automotive…) benefit from the very tight tolerances that can be achieved by using wire EDM. However, there are some particular conditions in which the required accuracy is not fulfilled, as in the case of low-radius circles cuts. An important example of this could be found in the well-known fir-tree form geometries. In this paper, direct measuring of the influence of wire deformation on part geometry is proposed. Classical methods presented in literature are optical or are based on measuring wire-lag using electrical contact between wire and workpiece. The idea that the effect of wire deformation can be directly measured by suddenly stopping the machine is developed in this contribution. Using this approach, the effect of wire deformation can be measured even when cutting circular paths of small radius. A complete set of experimental tests is presented under different WEDM cutting conditions; including the effect of low dielectric pressure, part radius and part thickness. Analysis of discharge patterns has also been carried out, so that the lack of accuracy in WEDM’ed parts can be correlated with the quality of discharges. Results show that wire deformation increases as much as 45% when cutting a circular interpolation of radius 0.8 mm if compared with a straight cut on a part of similar thickness. This fact has direct implications on the error caused by the tractrix effect when cutting small circular paths. Likewise, the relation between wire-lag and discharge type percentages (based ionization time) stablishes that, as the radius increases the percentage of discharges without ionization time raises, decreasing the one that has an ionization time above 10 μs.
A. Condé; J.A. Sanchez; S. Plaza; M. Ostolaza; I. De La Puerta; Z. Li. Experimental Measurement of Wire-lag Effect and Its Relation with Signal Classification on Wire EDM. Procedia CIRP 2018, 68, 132 -137.
AMA StyleA. Condé, J.A. Sanchez, S. Plaza, M. Ostolaza, I. De La Puerta, Z. Li. Experimental Measurement of Wire-lag Effect and Its Relation with Signal Classification on Wire EDM. Procedia CIRP. 2018; 68 ():132-137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Condé; J.A. Sanchez; S. Plaza; M. Ostolaza; I. De La Puerta; Z. Li. 2018. "Experimental Measurement of Wire-lag Effect and Its Relation with Signal Classification on Wire EDM." Procedia CIRP 68, no. : 132-137.