The study investigates the phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activities of ethanol (ChL-EtOH) and ethyl acetate (ChL-EtOAc) extracts from Chamaenerion latifolium L. (ChL) harvested in Kazakhstan. The ChL-EtOH extract exhibited higher total phenolic (267.48 ± 3.44 mg GAE/g DE) and flavonoid content (24.18 ± 1.06 mg QE/g DE) compared to ChL-EtOAc. HPLC-UV-ESI/MS identified key phenolic acids and flavonoids, including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin 3-glucoside. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups. Antioxidant assays revealed strong DPPH scavenging and FRAP activities, with ChL-EtOH showing superior results (IC₅₀ = 21.31 ± 0.65 μg/mL and 18.13 ± 0.15 μg/mL, respectively). Additionally, ChL-EtOH displayed notable antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the fungal strain Candida albicans. These findings suggest that ethanol extraction is more efficient for isolating bioactive compounds from ChL, underscoring its potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

The Chamaenerion genus, particularly Chamaenerion angustifolium and Chamaenerion latifolium, is recognized for its rich phytochemical composition and extensive medicinal properties. These species are abundant in polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, which contribute to their potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of their phytochemical constituents, with an emphasis on how processing methods, including fermentation, influence bioactivity. Notably, fermentation enhances the levels of key bioactive compounds, such as oenothein B, gallic acid, and ellagic acid, thereby increasing their pharmacological potential. Additionally, this review evaluates the biological activities of Chamaenerion species in relation to their chemical composition, while also considering the limitations of current studies, such as the lack of in vivo or clinical trials. The literature for this review was sourced from scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, covering research from 2010 to 2024. Future studies should focus on optimizing extraction methods, elucidating synergistic bioactivities, and conducting in-depth clinical trials to validate their efficacy and safety.

By the method of steam distillation, samples of essential oil were obtained from a plant cultivated in the East Kazakhstan region. The essential oil was obtained with a yield in terms of air-dry raw materials. The method of gas-liquid chromatography carried out a quantitative analysis of the components of the essential oil. The quantitative content of essential oil components was calculated from the areas of gas chromatographic peaks without using correction factors. The main components of Zinnia elegans essential oil are α-terpineol, β-myrcene, myrtenal and camphene. Terpineol has a pleasant, lilac-like odor and is a common ingredient in perfumes, cosmetics, and fragrances. Pleasant smelling oily liquid. Myrcene has a large number of beneficial properties for the body, whether pure or in aromatherapy through the essential oils that contain it: Sedative and muscle relaxant, anti-inflammatory, interferon inhibition, gastric and duodenal ulcers, antalgic and antinociceptive, reduces sensitivity to pain by self-healing endogenous derivatives of morphine. Myrtenal - has an anti-inflammatory, resolving effect on acne, infiltrates. Increases the protective barrier of the epidermis. Antioxidant, rejuvenating. Camphene components are effective in the treatment of fungal, viral and bacterial infections that affect the respiratory system.