The incessant consumption of goods and materials underscores the need to address the growing problem of waste generation and its profound impact on environmental sustainability. The problem of waste removal can be approached in different ways, whether it is the routing of vehicles, the work of drivers, the optimal distribution of waste bins, or other matters in the entire waste process. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities of optimizing waste collection processes in the region using a slightly modified Clark–Wright method. Optimal waste collection routes are defined with a focus on cost reduction and overall optimization of logistic chain processes. The established mathematical model for the capacitated vehicle routing problem includes the principles of sustainability and environmental friendliness. The results indicate that the largest messenger of all the newly proposed routes are the routes containing the surrounding settlements. Newly designed routes lead to significant reductions in fuel consumption and vehicle maintenance, which has a positive impact on financial and environmental resources. The conclusion indicates that by applying the Clark–Wright method, we have achieved a reduction in the number of routes of twenty fewer routes. This study provides regions with a detailed plan to improve waste management practices, contributing to a future of increased sustainability and environmental awareness.

The unexpected emergence of the viral disease COVID-19 has caused many changes in all areas of life. People suffered from the fear of contracting the disease, which resulted in the decrease in the use of public passenger transport services. People’s uncertainty and frequently changing measures with a lack of information caused a shift of passengers from public passenger transport to individual transport. The analysis identified important criteria that passengers considered very important during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to public transport. If these criteria are not met, passengers will not be willing to use public passenger transport and the use of individual transport will continue to grow. To ensure passenger satisfaction, new innovative software solutions have been analysed and then implemented into one specific solution. The proposed solution can meet the requirements of passengers, facilitate their travel using public passenger transport and provide them with regular information related to viral illnesses and important information and will ensure their satisfaction.

In railway stations, queues often form in front of the ticketing booths that provide ticketing services. Proper design of service systems is key to effectively managing these queues, as waiting time is a critical factor affecting customer satisfaction. This research focuses on optimising the location and configuration of queues in front of ticket booths to minimise waiting times and increase service efficiency. Passenger flow management at the station can be understood as the planning and implementation of the orderly movement of the crowd through the infrastructure. Using operational Markov chain analysis, we evaluate different queue configurations and the number of service providers in urban railway stations. The study specifically focuses on the case of the Poprad-Tatry railway station in Slovakia, where we propose the introduction of a common queue for all ticket booths. We propose the distribution of lines and their schedule, based on mathematical analyses, by creating designated service zones with a common queue in front of the ticket booths. The results show that this approach significantly reduces waiting times and improves overall system efficiency. This research focusses on solving the shortcomings in the design of queues in railway stations, specifically on the use of a common queue, thereby contributing to the improvement of passenger movement management.

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Rail transport is currently facing a number of problems. The European Union wants to shift as much freight as possible from road to rail and this is one of the key objectives of the Green Deal. This objective also requires rail carriers to improve their service quality in order to retain existing customers and attract new customers currently using road transport. However, there are a number of factors that are making the railways less competitive. One of these is the closure of the main lines. These lines are crucial to the successful organisation of transport. The article looks at the train costs incurred by carriers when main lines cannot be used for various reasons (line reconstruction, lack of capacity, etc.). The article compares the cost of a train running on a main line with two alternative lines. It examines and describes in detail the efficiency and economic impact of using the alternative routes in the event of an emergency on the main line, and also identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the secondary routes. The paper provides an insight into the usability of secondary routes when an alternative route is required.