The present study aims to assess the sustainability of bioenergy potential from agriculture in the European Union in the period 2012–2021, with a particular focus on material flow and emissions management, bioenergy and recycling impacts, while assessing the potential of bioenergy from agriculture and analyzing the degree of self-sufficiency and import dependency in the biomass economy. While biomass has significant potential in the EU energy transition, its use is accompanied by challenges related to sustainability, carbon neutrality, efficiency and economic viability. Using a quantitative approach based on official statistical data, this research tracked the evolution of biomass imports, exports, domestic extraction and consumption, providing a comprehensive picture of the stability and adaptability of the biomass economy in the European Union. The results indicate a steady increase in domestic extraction and a stability in consumption, reflecting a high capacity of the European Union to manage biomass resources; thus, the degree of self-sufficiency has been high throughout the period, with a moderate dependence on imports, showing an adaptable economy. The conclusions suggest that in order to maintain this stability, the European Union must continue to develop balanced economic and environmental policies that support the sustainable use of biomass and contribute to the energy transition and environmental objectives.

The development of sustainable and competitive business models for resilient strategies is a topical topic, due to the economic, social and environmental changes facing the contemporary world. In the context of global crises, such as climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic and economic instability, companies are forced to rethink their strategies to face the challenges of the future. Sustainable business models not only meet the requirements of environmental protection and social responsibility, but also stimulate long-term competitiveness. Companies that adopt sustainable and resource-efficient practices build resilience, becoming less vulnerable to market fluctuations and strict carbon regulations. Orientation towards resilient strategies for the development of sustainable business models would constitute an opportunity for the Republic of Moldova in confronting atypical situations in the context of geopolitical flows.

Digital transformation covers a wide range of areas - from digital document management to comprehensive automation of export-import operations using intelligent analytical systems. The article examines modern trends in the implementation of digital technologies in the management processes of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises, including the use of ERP systems, cloud services, B2B interaction platforms, CRM and TMS systems, as well as big data analysis tools and blockchain technologies. Particular attention is paid to the impact of digitalization on the transparency of foreign trade operations, acceleration of logistics processes, optimization of contract and commodity flow management, as well as increasing trust from international partners. It has been established that digital solutions help reduce transaction costs, shorten the time for processing export documentation, improve communication with customs and regulatory authorities, as well as generally increase the competitiveness of agricultural producers in global agri-food markets. At the same time, the article emphasizes the key barriers limiting the digital transformation of foreign economic activity in the agricultural sector. Among them are insufficient digital literacy and management competencies of personnel, poor development of digital infrastructure, especially in rural areas, high cost of implementing innovative solutions for small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, as well as insufficient trust in digital platforms and online sales channels. It is noted that the lack of comprehensive digitalization strategies and institutional support significantly limits the integration of agricultural enterprises into global digital value chains. To overcome these barriers, an active government policy is needed aimed at developing digital infrastructure, stimulating investment in digital technologies and improving digital competencies. An important role in this process is also played by international organizations and private investors, who are able to accelerate the digital transformation of the agricultural sector and ensure its sustainable development in foreign markets.

Innovation has always been the engine of human civilisation. The fierce competition between countries at the moment is nothing more than competition between innovative technologies. In this paper we also wanted to focus on the study of financial industrie

The paper is devoted to solving the problem of co-integration between Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova in the context of foreign trade. The study of co-integration makes it possible to determine common trends in the development of foreign trade and, based on the analysis of the dynamics of the development of one country, to forecast the development of foreign trade in another country. The study of the main indicators of foreign trade was carried out: volumes of exports, imports, trade balance. The share of export-import operations with the EU in the total volume of foreign trade of Ukraine and Moldova was chosen as the studied indicator. The article proposes to consider cointegrations both between long-term trends, which characterize the trend of foreign trade development, and between short-term trends, which reflect the cyclical component. A co-integration research mechanism has been developed, which includes three blocks: a block of analysis of literary sources, a block of mathematical tools, and a block of applied use. The use of decomposition models, trend models, spectral analysis, orthogonality indicators and pairwise correlations is proposed as a mathematical toolkit. Using the Foster-Stewart method, an analysis of the presence of a trend in the variance and average was carried out. The above calculations showed the presence of a trend and cyclical component, which allowed the use of additive decomposition models. For the study of long-term trends, a linear trend model was chosen for both Moldova and Ukraine. A spectral analysis of the cyclic component was carried out, which made it possible to identify five main harmonics with a unique frequency and amplitude. The combination of these harmonics caused 95.8% and 90.4% of the cyclical component for Moldova and Ukraine, respectively. An analysis of cointegration between short-term and long-term trend functions was conducted, which revealed medium cointegration in the long-term trend and high cointegration in the short-term trend. The cointegration analysis of the indicator values proved a high degree of cointegration for both long-term and short-term trends.

Digital technologies have become a key factor in transforming entrepreneurship and strengthening its competitiveness in the current global instability and growing competition. Digitalization is especially important for countries that are undergoing post-crisis recovery and integration into the European space, where it forms new mechanisms for economic growth, opens access to new markets, and optimizes business processes. The aim of this article is to assess the impact of digital technologies on the creation of competitive advantages of enterprises in Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Poland, and Germany using an econometric approach. The research methodology is based on a panel data model for 2019–2024 considering fixed effects. The model includes five independent variables: the level of digitalization, the number of innovations, the share of R&D spending, export orientation, and enterprise size. The modelling results showed that R&D has the strongest positive impact (β=8.70), followed by digitalization (β=0.52), and innovation (β=0.31). The highest average competitiveness was recorded in Germany (3.62), the lowest - in Poland (3.27), while Ukraine has a consistently positive dynamic. The developed model confirms the importance of comprehensive digital transformation for ensuring long-term market advantage. Further studies may expand the model, considering industry specifics, digital environmental friendliness, sustainability, and regional characteristics of the countries of Central Asia, the Balkans, and the Baltics.