This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the TecnoBody D-Wall system in assessing joint range of motion (ROM) during overhead squat movements in healthy individuals, using Kinovea as a reference tool for data comparison. A total of 29 participants (16 males, 13 females) with a mean age of 28.41 ± 6.66 years were included. Measurements were conducted for hip and knee joint angles in the sagittal plane, with three repetitions per participant analyzed using both systems. The D-Wall system employed a 3D Kinect V2 camera and force platform, while Kinovea used 2D video-based motion analysis. The results demonstrated excellent agreement between the two systems, with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.79 to 0.99. For the knee joint, the test-retest ICC values were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97–0.99) for Kinovea and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99) for the D-Wall on the right side, and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97–0.99) for Kinovea and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79–0.94) for the D-Wall on the left side. For the hip joint, test-retest ICC values were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97–0.99) for Kinovea and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.88–0.97) for the D-Wall on the right side, and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97–0.99) for Kinovea and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87–0.97) for the D-Wall on the left side. Bland–Altman plots confirmed good agreement, with no significant systematic bias observed. Both systems showed statistically insignificant differences (p > 0.05) between measurements, and correlation values ranged from 0.83 to 0.99, indicating strong associations. These findings highlight the high validity and reliability of both TecnoBody D-Wall and Kinovea systems in measuring joint angles during dynamic movements. The comparable accuracy between systems suggests that either system can be effectively utilized in clinical or research settings, depending on specific needs and resource availability.

With the advancement of technology, the effect of auxiliary machines used in rehabilitation is gradually increasing both in the evaluation stage and the rehabilitation stage of the treatment. The important feature of such devices is that they perform both assessment and treatment with the same device. At this stage, TecnoBody (Bergamo, Italy) devices play an active role in both assessment and rehabilitation. In this study, the effectiveness of TecnoBody devices, D-Wall, Walker View 3.0 SCX, and ProKin devices in rehabilitation was analyzed. It is reported in the literature that recently TecnoBody devices have been used significantly in evaluation, proprioceptive and stability tests have been performed with ProKin devices, and balance tests have been performed with the D-Wall device. The D-Wall device was found to be effective in therapies due to its use in rehabilitation, exergame, and biofeedback. It is observed that the Walker View 3.0 SCX device is effective in gait analysis evaluation and gait rehabilitation after surgery, while ProKin devices are effective primarily in proprioceptive, stability, and balance evaluations and then in balance and proprioceptive training. The use of TecnoBody devices in rehabilitation increases the active participation of people in therapy thanks to the visual biofeedback it applies to people, it is effective thanks to the fact that people can direct themselves during exercise and make therapy more fun with games. In addition, thanks to the personalized exercises in the D-Wall device, there are effective exercises to increase the participation of people in daily life activities, especially in neurological rehabilitation. Therefore, the use of TecnoBody devices in rehabilitation is effective.

Background: The increasing prevalence of sports injuries among young female volleyball players, driven by biomechanical and hormonal factors, necessitates effective prevention strategies. Screening tools like the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) often show inconsistent predictive validity for injury risk in this population. This study investigates associations between FMS, SEBT, agility, and muscle strength with injury risk in young female volleyball players to refine prediction models and inform targeted interventions.Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study involved 30 female volleyball players (aged 14–18 years, mean age 16.2 ± 1.3 years, mean volleyball experience 3.5 ± 1.1 years) from a Turkish amateur club. Assessments occurred over 2 days after a 5-min warm-up, with 2-min rests between trials, conducted by trained evaluators. On day one: (1) Functional Movement Screen (FMS), scoring seven movement patterns (0–21); (2) Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), measuring reach in eight directions, normalized to leg length. On day two: (3) Agility t-test, a timed T-shaped course; (4) Countermovement Jump (CMJ), recording the highest of three jumps.Results: Significant differences emerged in FMS scores (p = 0.0012), SEBT anterior asymmetry (p < 0.0001), and CMJ heights (p = 0.0198) across risk groups, with LR (n = 5) showing superior performance (FMS M = 15.4 ± 0.9, CMJ M = 38.2 ± 3.3 cm) versus HR (n = 9, FMS M = 10.8 ± 2.1, CMJ M = 27.2 ± 8.9 cm). A moderate negative correlation (r = −0.41, p = 0.0236) between FMS and SEBT asymmetry, and positive correlations with anterior reach (r = 0.37–0.45, p < 0.05), were noted. High-risk athletes (n = 18) were taller (M = 174.2 ± 5.8 cm, p = 0.0013) and showed a 4.2-fold increased risk with FMS ≤ 14 and CMJ < 30 cm (OR = 4.20, p = 0.0158), with combined FMS/SEBT predicting risk with 89% accuracy (AUC = 0.89, p < 0.0001).Conclusion: FMS scores, SEBT asymmetry, and CMJ heights effectively predict injury risk in young female volleyball players, with thresholds (FMS ≤ 14, SEBT ≥4 cm, CMJ < 30 cm) guiding targeted interventions. The study’s focus on gender-specific risks and height-related biomechanics offers a foundation for tailored prevention programs, reducing healthcare costs and promoting equitable sports participation, aligning with global health priorities.

Virtual reality (VR) is an advanced user-computer interface that includes real-time simulation and interactions through visual and auditory senses. VR is increasingly being used on athletes for assessment and training. Balance refers to maintaining the position of the body's center of gravity. Static and dynamic balance is the basis of postural stability and mobility and is an important skill in sport. Balance impairment increases the risk of falls and is clinically assessed using the Berg Balance Scale. However, more objective methods need to be developed. For this purpose, technologies such as posturography, which measures the center of pressure trajectory, are used. TecnoBody devices play an active role in the assessment and rehabilitation processes. In particular, proprioceptive and stability analyses are performed with ProKin devices, dynamic balance analyses are performed with D-Wall device and audiovisual feedback is provided with exergame. These devices are effective in rehabilitation and can increase patients' interest in treatment. As a result of the studies conducted in the literature review, TecnoBody Prokin has also been used in the field of sports sciences. In the studies conducted with Prokin, it was seen that it was generally used in dynamic and static balance evaluations. However, no studies on TecnoBody's other devices were found in the literature. In addition, in the studies examined, it was seen that TecnoBody devices were used as a evaluation tool instead of being used in exercises. With the advancement of technology, it is thought that TecnoBody devices can be more effective in people through exercise feedback. Keywords: Athlete Balance, Balance, TecnoBody,

Aim: Pedobarography is a valuable tool for understanding lower limb biomechanics and identifying deviations in plantar pressure distribution, particularly in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Accurate assessment is essential for tailoring effective rehabilitation programs. This study aims to evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of Analiz Sistem and Sensor Medica pedobarographic devices in assessing plantar pressure distribution under static postural conditions in individuals with CAI. Method: A total of 64 participants with unilateral CAI were included, with diagnoses confirmed via a Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score of ≤24. Static postural assessments focused on surface area and impulse parameters for rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot regions. Measurements from both systems were analyzed for agreement using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), paired t-tests, and Bland-Altman plots. Results: ICC values ranged from 0.80 to 0.99, demonstrating good to excellent reliability. Rearfoot metrics showed the highest reliability, with ICC values exceeding 0.94. SEM values were consistently low (0.05). Bland-Altman plots confirmed narrow limits of agreement and minimal mean bias across all metrics. Conclusion: Analiz Sistem and Sensor Medica offer accurate and reliable measurements of plantar pressure distribution under static conditions. Their portability and cost-effectiveness make them suitable for clinical and field-based environments. Future research should focus on integrating advanced technologies like artificial intelligence to enhance their utility further.

Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are common in athletes and 40% lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). CAI is characterised by recurrent sprains and limitation of motion. Our study investigated the relationship between kinesiophobia, foot-ankle function, and physical activity in athletes with chronic ankle instability. In our study, 112 individuals with CAI who have been doing regular sports for at least 5 years were included. Tampa kinesiophobia test, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Version) were administered to the included individuals via Google form. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 26.0 (SPSS inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used. Pearson's test analysis was used in the study, and statistical significance was taken as p ≤ 0.05 for all measurements in two directions. 115 participants (75 males and 40 females) were included in the study. The participants were 20.43±3.921(years) years old, 176.14±9.288(cm) tall, and 67.88±11.571(kg) weight. In addition, the subjects' International Physical Activity Score (Short Version) showed that 34 were inactive, 54 were minimally active, and 27 were very active. There was a moderate negative correlation between the Tampa Kinesiophobia score and FAAM sport and DLA subscores (p<.001). Individuals with increased kinesiophobia scores had decreased Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores. According to the studies, studies on foot and ankle range of motion, position perception, and balance in individuals with CAI may decrease kinesiophobia.