The utilisation of hydrogen in ships has important potential in terms of achieving the decarbonisation of waterway transport, which produces approximately 3% of the world’s total emissions. However, the utilisation of hydrogen drives in maritime and inland shipping is conditioned by the efficient and safe storage of hydrogen as an energy carrier on ship decks. Regardless of the type, the constructional design and the purpose of the aforesaid vessels, the preferred method for hydrogen storage on ships is currently high-pressure storage, with an operating pressure of the fuel storage tanks amounting to tens of MPa. Alternative methods for hydrogen storage include storing the hydrogen in its liquid form, or in hydrides as adsorbed hydrogen and reformed fuels. In the present article, a method for hydrogen storage in metal hydrides is discussed, particularly in a certified low-pressure metal hydride storage tank—the MNTZV-159. The article also analyses the 2D heat conduction in a transversal cross-section of the MNTZV-159 storage tank, for the purpose of creating a final design of the shape of a heat exchanger (intensifier) that will help to shorten the total time of hydrogen absorption into the alloy, i.e., the filling process. Based on the performed 3D calculations for heat conduction, the optimisation and implementation of the intensifier into the internal volume of a metal hydride alloy will increase the performance efficiency of the shell heat exchanger of the MNTZV-159 storage tank. The optimised design increased the cooling power by 46.1%, which shortened the refuelling time by 41% to 2351 s. During that time, the cooling system, which comprised the newly designed internal heat transfer intensifier, was capable of eliminating the total heat from the surface of the storage tank, thus preventing a pressure increase above the allowable value of 30 bar.

The present article discusses the potential for hydrogen separation using a metal hydride separator, which facilitates the generation of hydrogen contained in syngas following the thermal recovery of wastes. The article provides a detailed description of the separator heat balance using analytical calculations and optimised calculations, and by applying numerical methods. The proposed concept of a separator intended for hydrogen separation from syngas offers a solution to a problem associated with the use of metal hydride alloy powders; in particular, their low thermal conductivity. In order to eliminate big temperature differences in the alloy, a heat transfer intensifier was implemented in the metal hydride alloy volume; the intensifier was made of metal and exhibited high thermal conductivity. For the purpose of comparing the thermal fields, the first stage comprised the creation of a numerical simulation of hydrogen absorption without the use of an intensifier. Subsequently, three different geometries were created for an intensifier intended to remove heat from the metal hydride alloy powder towards the separator cover, and the effects of these three geometries were analysed. The implementation of heat transfer intensifiers into the metal hydride alloy powder improved the heat removal by as much as 43.9% and increased the thermal field homogeneity by 77%. A result of the heat removal optimisation was an increase in the hydrogen absorption kinetics and the efficiency of the separator operation.

Synthesis gases produced in the processes of the high-temperature gasification of otherwise unusable waste, with the use of technologically efficient and cost-effective separation methods, may represent a reliable source of hydrogen intended for applications in the industry and the transport segments. One of the possible solutions to the separation of hydrogen from a mixture of gases is the use of metal hydride (MH) alloys, which are capable of binding hydrogen into their structure. This is the subject of the present article, in which a new design is presented for a fully functional system and a hydrogen separator unit, and the potential application of a commonly available metal hydride alloy in the separation of hydrogen from a binary mixture containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen is discussed. Load testing of the selected type of metal hydride alloy with a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the mixture, representing 40 vol. % and 4 vol. %, was performed. In addition, testing the alloy’s ability to separate hydrogen from a mixture containing H₂ and CO₂ was conducted using small alloy samples and a newly designed hydrogen separator unit. The resulting higher purity of hydrogen after the separation was confirmed by an experiment, in which the hydrogen concentration in the resulting mixture increased by 2.7 vol. %. The purity of the desorbed hydrogen amounted to 99.4 vol. %. The testing also confirmed a high degree of degradation of the alloy, caused by the poisoning effect of CO₂ on the selected alloy type. There was also a significant decrease in the absorption ability of the alloy—from 1.7 wt. % to 1.2 wt. %—and a significant extension of the absorption time caused by the slower kinetics of the hydrogen storage, which occurred as early as after ten absorption–desorption cycles.

In this article, an analysis of issues related to EHD propulsion systems, including their design and the working principle, is presented. The article deals with the advantages and shortcomings that influence their utilisation in the conditions of the Earth’s atmosphere. In the practical section of the article, a set of experiments aimed at elucidating a relationship between the geometry of the capacitor model applied voltage and the induced force is described. An essential task was to verify the functionality of a device and to quantify the efficiency of this type of propeller by applying experimental methods aimed at increasing the functionality.

This article describes the issue of hydrogen storage in the structure of metallic alloys and then solves the design and structural analysis in ANSYS Static Structural of low-pressure metal hydride steel vessel for hydrogen storage in metallic alloy based on MnTiVFeZr used for mobile applications.

In this article, individual options for the implementation of hydrogen storage systems in vehicles are analysed. In particular, the conventional methods are described and hydrogen storage systems that use metal hydride alloys are discussed. Th...