The Mediterranean area is one of the major global producers of agricultural food. However, along the entire supply chain—from farming to food distribution and consumption—food waste represents a significant fraction. Additionally, plant waste residues generated during the cultivation of specific fruits and vegetables must also be considered. This heterogeneous biomass is a valuable source of bioactive compounds and materials that can be transformed into high-performance functional products. By analyzing technical and scientific literature, this review identifies extraction, composite production, and bioconversion as the main strategies for valorizing agricultural by-products and waste. The advantages of these approaches as well as efficiency gains through digitalization are discussed, along with their potential applications in the Mediterranean region to support new research activities and bioeconomic initiatives. Moreover, the review highlights the challenges and disadvantages associated with waste valorization, providing a critical comparison of different studies to offer a comprehensive perspective on the topic. The objective of this review is to evaluate the potential of agricultural waste valorization, identifying effective strategies while also considering their limitations, to contribute to the development of sustainable and innovative solutions in Mediterranean bioeconomy.

Poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate) (PLA/PBSA) blends are found promising for film packaging applications because of their flexibility, resistance, and compostability. Industrially extruded granules and films based on PLA and containing different amounts of PBSA are reprocessed through mini‐extrusion, to simulate recycling, and tested in terms of their melt flow rate as a function of PBSA content. Moreover, pure PLA commercial granules and the film produced extruding the PLA/PBSA 60/40 blend are reprocessed several times by injection molding and characterized in terms of melt flow rate, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and color as a function of injection molding cycles. The variation in melt fluidity and thermo‐mechanical properties is negligible up to 3 injection molding cycles for both pure PLA granules and PLA/PBSA blend. In the case of blend the change in color (yellowing and darkening) is more evident and slight local compositional change in injection molded items can be evidenced as well as a slight decrease in PBS crystallinity as a function of injection molding cycles. Nevertheless, in applications where these aspects are not critical, these materials can be recycled by extrusion or injection molding before being composted, thus prolonging their life cycle and storing carbon in them as longer as possible.

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer, commonly used as an interlayer material in laminated safety glass for the automotive and architectural sectors. Currently, there is no end-of-life cycle program for a substantial amount of PVB film, which mainly ends up in landfills. According to a circular approach, PVB can be revalorized after efficient separation and recovery from glass. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop functional coatings for textile applications using recycled PVB (re-PVB), also in combination with an organic UV absorber, to enable the production of UV-protective final coated fabrics. The re-PVB-coated fabrics were obtained through an industrially scalable spraying process (leading to an average weight increase of 20 ± 3 wt.%), and the effectiveness of the application was evaluated according to different characterization techniques, such as FT-IR (Fourier transform–infrared) spectroscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscope), a washing test, a mechanical test, a thermo-physiological test, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). Based on the results, the re-PVB-coated fabrics appeared stable upon washing (with a negligible weight loss compared to the average amount of coating) and effective in UV protection (with a final UPF being four times higher and a reduced UVA transmittance from 2.0% to 0.6%).

The recycling of polyamide 6 (PA) and elastane (EL) from post-consumer textiles is increasingly relevant for sustainable materials development. This study investigates blends obtained from a commercial PA fabric containing 16% EL, processed via extrusion under various conditions to evaluate the influence of temperature, screw type, and speed on phase morphology and thermo-mechanical performance. The results demonstrate that processing parameters, particularly temperature, significantly affect melt viscosity and the final mechanical properties of the blends. Enhanced ductility was observed in all recycled samples compared to pure PA, indicating that mechanical recycling is a promising strategy for PA/EL textile waste. These findings support the feasibility of this approach, while highlighting the need for further research into compatibilization techniques and industrial scalability.

Electronic textiles (e-textiles) represent a growing area in HCI, yet their end-of-life remains largely underexplored, leaving no established pathways for addressing this emerging waste stream. This study represents the first step in an ongoing research program exploring recycling possibilities for e-textiles. This work examines the post-disassembly potential of conductive textile substrates to explore whether these materials retain functional value and if they can be reintegrated into new interactive systems. Using commercially available conductive woven fabrics, we apply mechanical recycling techniques adapted from traditional textile processing to produce new nonwoven materials suitable for medium-pressure, low-resolution piezoresistive sensing. Through electromechanical characterization, we identify both the opportunities and limitations of this approach.