Kazakhstan is demonstrating its commitment to promoting gender equality and working closely with the globalcommunity. Over the past decade, the gender gap in the structure of labour force of Kazakhstan has slightly decreased. However, gender gaps persist. Women in Kazakhstan make up slightly more than half of the total population of the country, but their contribution to indicators of economic activity, growth and well-being of republic is significantly below their potential. In this article, gender dynamics of Kazakhstan labour market are explored at macro and micro levels using GIS. In this article, authors tried to answer the following questions: What is the gender situation in the labour market of Kazakhstan, as a country of Central Asia region with an Eastern mentality? Does the growing number of employed women lead to higher levels of gender equality in the Kazakhstan labour market? What are the characteristics of women’s employment compared to men’s? The results of research show that women’s increased access to jobs has not led to a significant reduction in the gap in earnings and incomes between men and women. This is due to the gender segregation of vocational education, which lays the foundation for sectoral differentiation of employment with different geographical distributions. Also, the so-called “glass ceiling” or low accessibility to leadership positions hinders women’s greater competitiveness. In addition, such an important element of labour market as unpaid domestic work, which is mainly occupied by women, is still not recognized.

Demographic growth in Kazakhstan over the past decades has had a significant impact on the entire education system, particularly at the preschool and primary levels. High birth rates have led to an increasing number of children requiring enrollment in kindergartens and first-grade classes. This often results in a shortage of available places, increased workload for teaching staff, and a decline in the quality of educational services. This paper examines the application of Business Intelligence (BI) tools and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for forecasting potential shortages of educational places and identifying regional priorities in infrastructure development. A predictive model is presented, based on birth rate indicators and age cohorts, which enables the estimation of future demand for preschool and primary school capacity across the regions of Kazakhstan. The study highlights the urgent need for proactive planning and targeted investment to prevent critical shortages and to ensure equitable access to quality education. The findings can serve as a foundation for the development of effective public education policies and support the formulation of regional strategies that reflect current demographic trends.

In the context of the transition of the national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan to an innovative type of development, the issues of the formation and development of human capital are becoming increasingly important. Increasing labor productivity, developing high-tech production, creating innovative products in the republic is impossible without providing the branches of the national economy with personnel who have the necessary professional and personal competencies. In turn, social and economic factors affect the formation and quality of human capital, while there is an uneven spatial distribution of human resources. Accordingly, the priorities of the socio-economic development of the territories require coordination with the tasks of increasing human capital. The basis of this study is the analysis of the reproduction processes of human capital in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the socio-economic component. The object of the research is the human capital of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the subject of the research is the socio-economic aspect of the development of human capital. The method of the integral index for assessing human capital was taken as the main model for calculating human capital. We identified not only socio-economic factors affecting the effective use of human capital in the regions, but also demographic, environmental components and calculated indices based on these factors. The analysis showed that one of the key factors affecting the differentiation of the level of accumulated human capital is socio-economic. According to the results, the regions were identified as leaders and outsiders in terms of the level of accumulated human capital, regions with a post-industrial warehouse of the economy have high indicators of the human capital index, regions with agricultural specialization are low.

Kazakhstan demonstrates its commitment to promoting gender equality and works closely with the global community. Over the past decade, the gender gap in the structure of the labor force of the Republic of Kazakhstan has narrowed slightly. However, gender gaps persist. Women in Kazakhstan make up slightly more than half of the country’s total population. Still, their contribution to the republic’s economic performance, growth, and well-being is significantly below its potential. Access to the Republic’s gender statistics is essential and critical for studying and tracking changes in gender inequality. This article examines the gender dynamics of the labor market of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the macro and micro levels using a geographic information system (GIS). GIS tools provide display and analysis capabilities that are underutilized in workforce development, monitoring, and management. In this study, the authors tried to model spatial indicators of gender inequality in the labor market of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study results show that the employment rate and the level of women’s wages are primarily related to the gender segregation of vocational education, which lays the foundation for sectoral differentiation of employment with different geographical distributions. The greater competitiveness of women in the labor market of Kazakhstan is also hampered by the so-called “glass ceiling” or low accessibility to leadership positions. The wage gap between men and women in the republic has remained unchanged for a long time and shows no signs of reduction. In addition, such an important element of the labor market as unpaid domestic work, which is carried out mainly by women, remains unrecognized.

The basis of this study was the analysis of the human capital reproductive processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan, considering the gender component. The object was the human capital of Kazakhstan’s regions, and the subject was the gender aspect of human capital development. Mincer’s supplemented human capital assessment model was the primary model for calculating human capital. Factors influencing the effective use of human capital in the regions, considering the gender component, were identified, and their indices were calculated. The analysis showed a persistent gender gap in life expectancy, education level, income, and labour market. Based on the results, leader and outsider regions in terms of the accumulated human capital level were identified. The analysis indicates the responsible attitude of the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan towards developing gender equality. Over the past ten years, Kazakhstan has advanced significantly in its efforts to empower women in the socio-political sphere. The Republic of Kazakhstan has assumed obligations under several international agreements, adopted many laws, and developed government measures critical for increasing women’s participation in government activities.