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Tze San Ong
School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia

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Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
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The environmental literature has focused on examining how firms leverage environmental innovation to convert environmental challenges into driving forces of competitive advantage. This paper enhances the knowledge on the implementation of environmental strategies in the Malaysian manufacturing industry by examining the impacts of environmental shared vision and environmental strategic focus on competitive advantage in the greening of the industry. The Smart PLS technique was used to analyse data collected from 124 Malaysian manufacturing firms on their environmental strategies as well as their implications for competitive advantage and environmental innovation. The findings suggest that environmental innovation mediates the positive exchange between firms’ environmental strategies and competitive advantage. The study provides valuable information for manufacturers in crafting their corporate competitive strategies, policies, and action plans. The direct and indirect roles of environmental innovation in fostering competitive advantage suggest that manufacturers should prioritise their environmental activities by enhancing innovation outcomes to achieve a successful green business status.

ACS Style

Tze San Ong; Ah Suat Lee; Boon Heng Teh. Turning Environmental Strategies into Competitive Advantage in the Malaysian Manufacturing Industry: Mediating Role of Environmental Innovation. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2021, 29, 1 .

AMA Style

Tze San Ong, Ah Suat Lee, Boon Heng Teh. Turning Environmental Strategies into Competitive Advantage in the Malaysian Manufacturing Industry: Mediating Role of Environmental Innovation. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. 2021; 29 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tze San Ong; Ah Suat Lee; Boon Heng Teh. 2021. "Turning Environmental Strategies into Competitive Advantage in the Malaysian Manufacturing Industry: Mediating Role of Environmental Innovation." Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 29, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Firms in developing economies generally find ways to enhance their reputation and growth in the international market. In this context, an Audit Committee (AC) is composed of multiple skilled members that control and monitor auditing activities and present a transparent image of their firm, which automatically attracts investors and builds investor confidence. Therefore, this study used CEO power and ownership concentration as moderating factors to examine the connection between AC and firm performance. For this purpose, this study used the data of Pakistani manufacturing firms for the period 2008 to 2018 and applied the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, the Fixed Effect (FE) model, and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To check the robustness of the results, this study used a Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) model. The findings of this study contended that AC and firm performance have a positive association with each other. Moreover, the findings revealed that CEO power positively influenced firm performance. Furthermore, lower ownership concentration is a valuable approach to maximize a firm’s performance. Importantly, the outcomes concluded that AC and firm performance have a positive connection with the moderating effects of CEO power. Moreover, AC and firm performance also have a positive association with the moderating effect of ownership concentration.

ACS Style

Sohail Javeed; Tze Ong; Rashid Latief; Haslinah Muhamad; Wei Soh. Conceptualizing the Moderating Role of CEO Power and Ownership Concentration in the Relationship between Audit Committee and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6329 .

AMA Style

Sohail Javeed, Tze Ong, Rashid Latief, Haslinah Muhamad, Wei Soh. Conceptualizing the Moderating Role of CEO Power and Ownership Concentration in the Relationship between Audit Committee and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohail Javeed; Tze Ong; Rashid Latief; Haslinah Muhamad; Wei Soh. 2021. "Conceptualizing the Moderating Role of CEO Power and Ownership Concentration in the Relationship between Audit Committee and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6329.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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At present, climate and other environmental problems are arising because of the development of the industrial sector at a large level. The industrial sector is supposed to be a major cause of climate change problems that lead to global warming. Therefore, corporate social responsibility (CSR) with the help of corporate governance is an imperative approach to control these social problems. Consequently, in the context of the organizational and management theory, agency theory, and the stakeholder theory, this study focuses on important factors of internal corporate governance such as chief executive officer (CEO) power, the board size, independence, ownership concentration, managerial ownership, and audit quality for improving the profitability of firms. Moreover, this study considers corporate social responsibility as a controlling and moderating factor for firm performance and internal corporate governance. We employed ordinary least square (OLS) for endogeneity testing, fixed effect (FE), generalized method of moments (GMM), and feasible generalized least square (FGLS) on data of Pakistani firms for the period of 2010–2019. The results of this study demonstrate the following outcomes: firstly, all internal corporate governance factors are positively linked with firm performance; secondly, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the most valuable tool for improving profitability. Importantly, this study suggests that all internal corporate governance factors are positively linked with firm performance because of the interactive role of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study practically contributes to the literature by suggesting the imperative role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for internal corporate governance, which may help to reduce climate and social problems.

ACS Style

Jihai Lu; Sohail Javeed; Rashid Latief; Tao Jiang; Tze Ong. The Moderating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Association of Internal Corporate Governance and Profitability; Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5830 .

AMA Style

Jihai Lu, Sohail Javeed, Rashid Latief, Tao Jiang, Tze Ong. The Moderating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Association of Internal Corporate Governance and Profitability; Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jihai Lu; Sohail Javeed; Rashid Latief; Tao Jiang; Tze Ong. 2021. "The Moderating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Association of Internal Corporate Governance and Profitability; Evidence from Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5830.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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At present, many economies are suffering from environmental problems that have significant effects on the climate and life of human beings, thus, the governments and institutions work to reduce the industrial negative effects on the environment. Based on the Porter Hypothesis, agency theory, and management and organization theory, this study examines the connection between environmental regulations, corporate social responsibility and firm innovation with the moderating role of CEO power and ownership concentration. Importantly, this study divided CEOs into male and female CEO. This study classifies firm innovation into two kinds, such as firm input innovation and firm output innovation. This study selects the sample of Pakistani manufacturing firms and uses the panel data for the period 2008 to 2018. For the analysis purpose, this study employs ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed-effect (FE) model, generalized method of moments (GMM). For more robust results, this study employs the feasible generalized least square (FGLS) model. Based on the findings from the empirical analysis, this study concludes that environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility have a positive relationship with firm innovation (Input and Output). Moreover, a powerful CEO and ownership concentration are valuable for firm innovation (Input and Output), because these factors are positively connected with firm innovation (Input and Output). Majorly, this study contends that environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility are positively connected with firm innovation (Input and Output) because of the interactive role of CEO power. This study supported the role of both male and female CEOs for firm innovative practices. Therefore, firms of developing economies should also consider the female CEO. Besides, environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility also positively connected with firm innovation (Input and Output) because of the interactive role of ownership concentration. Moreover, this study offers various policy implications for governments and policymakers.

ACS Style

Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Rashid Latief; Tao Jiang; Tze San Ong; Yongjun Tang. How environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility affect the firm innovation with the moderating role of Chief executive officer (CEO) power and ownership concentration? Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 308, 127212 .

AMA Style

Sohail Ahmad Javeed, Rashid Latief, Tao Jiang, Tze San Ong, Yongjun Tang. How environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility affect the firm innovation with the moderating role of Chief executive officer (CEO) power and ownership concentration? Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 308 ():127212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Rashid Latief; Tao Jiang; Tze San Ong; Yongjun Tang. 2021. "How environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility affect the firm innovation with the moderating role of Chief executive officer (CEO) power and ownership concentration?" Journal of Cleaner Production 308, no. : 127212.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2020 in Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management
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The popularity of achieving environmental sustainability among businesses is not exceptional in the green business literature. However, despite its popularity, businesses are still practically clueless about its benefits. This study employs the dynamic capabilities theory to investigate the relationship between environmental capabilities (i.e., environmental strategic focus, shared vision, management support, collaboration, and technological capabilities) and environmental innovation. To test the hypotheses, data from a sample of 124 firms were collected from managers of environmental management system 14001-certified Malaysian manufacturing firms. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares version 3.0. The results indicated that environmental technological capabilities and environmental collaboration both have a positive impact in directly enhancing the firms’ environmental innovations. The findings of this study indicate the possibility that manufacturers can remain competitive by integrating environmental considerations at the strategic level; collaborating with suppliers, customers, and the local community for environmental solutions; and investing in environmental technological capabilities.

ACS Style

Tze San Ong; Ah Suat Lee; Boon Heng Teh; Hussain Bakhsh Magsi; Sin Huei Ng. Environmental Capabilities and Environmental Innovations of Manufacturing Firms in Malaysia. Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management 2020, 4, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Tze San Ong, Ah Suat Lee, Boon Heng Teh, Hussain Bakhsh Magsi, Sin Huei Ng. Environmental Capabilities and Environmental Innovations of Manufacturing Firms in Malaysia. Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management. 2020; 4 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tze San Ong; Ah Suat Lee; Boon Heng Teh; Hussain Bakhsh Magsi; Sin Huei Ng. 2020. "Environmental Capabilities and Environmental Innovations of Manufacturing Firms in Malaysia." Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management 4, no. 1: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2020 in Sustainability
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This paper explores the impact of institutional pressures on the adoption of environmental management accounting (EMA). EMA has been recognized as a valuable mechanism to deal with environmental issues. This paper uses institutional theory to explain the drivers of EMA adoption in Pakistan. Data were collected from the manufacturing sector in Pakistan through a questionnaire-based survey. The study concludes that coercive, normative and mimetic pressures have a significant and positive impact on the adoption of EMA.

ACS Style

Badar Latif; Zeeshan Mahmood; Ong Tze San; Ridzwana Mohd Said; Allah Bakhsh. Coercive, Normative and Mimetic Pressures as Drivers of Environmental Management Accounting Adoption. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4506 .

AMA Style

Badar Latif, Zeeshan Mahmood, Ong Tze San, Ridzwana Mohd Said, Allah Bakhsh. Coercive, Normative and Mimetic Pressures as Drivers of Environmental Management Accounting Adoption. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4506.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Badar Latif; Zeeshan Mahmood; Ong Tze San; Ridzwana Mohd Said; Allah Bakhsh. 2020. "Coercive, Normative and Mimetic Pressures as Drivers of Environmental Management Accounting Adoption." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4506.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2019 in International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of organizational culture (OC) on a firm’s environmental performance (EP) via the mediating variable of environmental management control systems (EMCS). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 314 Pakistani manufacturing firms via the questionnaire survey, and the structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships. Findings The stable and flexible values of OC affect the effectiveness of formal and informal EMCS. Informal EMCS mediates the relationship between flexible values and EP, whereas formal EMCS mediates the stable values and EP. Overall, the data reveal that the integration of environmental culture within an organization’s culture and control systems leads to improve EP. Originality/value The study is one of the first, to the author’s knowledge, that links OC, EMCS, and EP in a developing economy, in this case Pakistan.

ACS Style

Tze San Ong; Hussain Bakhsh Magsi; Thomas F. Burgess. Organisational culture, environmental management control systems, environmental performance of Pakistani manufacturing industry. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 2019, 68, 1293 -1322.

AMA Style

Tze San Ong, Hussain Bakhsh Magsi, Thomas F. Burgess. Organisational culture, environmental management control systems, environmental performance of Pakistani manufacturing industry. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 2019; 68 (7):1293-1322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tze San Ong; Hussain Bakhsh Magsi; Thomas F. Burgess. 2019. "Organisational culture, environmental management control systems, environmental performance of Pakistani manufacturing industry." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 68, no. 7: 1293-1322.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2019 in Sustainability
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:This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental performance, environmental innovation, and financial performance of firms. A total of 124 responses were collected from managers of manufacturers certified by ISO 14001 EMS in Malaysia, and the data was subjected to a structural equation analysis using the Smart PLS version 3.2.7 software. The results have endorsed environmental competitive capabilities i.e. environmental innovation and environmental performance as the key enablers for the creation of economic values for environmental proactive manufacturing firms. Moreover, environmental innovation is also found to be the mediator that transforms the benefits of environmental performance into financial performance.

ACS Style

Tze San Ong; Ah Suat Lee; Boon Heng Teh; Hussain Bakhsh Magsi. Environmental Innovation, Environmental Performance and Financial Performance: Evidence from Malaysian Environmental Proactive Firms. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3494 .

AMA Style

Tze San Ong, Ah Suat Lee, Boon Heng Teh, Hussain Bakhsh Magsi. Environmental Innovation, Environmental Performance and Financial Performance: Evidence from Malaysian Environmental Proactive Firms. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (12):3494.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tze San Ong; Ah Suat Lee; Boon Heng Teh; Hussain Bakhsh Magsi. 2019. "Environmental Innovation, Environmental Performance and Financial Performance: Evidence from Malaysian Environmental Proactive Firms." Sustainability 11, no. 12: 3494.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2019 in Sustainability
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In the present world, there is a rapidly growing level of awareness of social and environmental activities. Consequently, a company’s profile is not substantiated purely in relation to financial issues, rather, a need for the inclusion of environmental and social perspectives arises. This is known as sustainable performance. Hence, there is a persistent need for the practice of sustainable performance measurements (SPMs). However, despite the implementation of sustainable performance in developed climes like Europe, the US and the UK, the relevance of sustainable performance is still at a low in developing societies such as Malaysia. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the critical success factors that are attributable to sustainable performance measurement practices for Malaysian electronics and electrical (E and E) companies, as their success is subject to intense scrutiny from their developed competitors, with respect to compliance with social and environmental regulations. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 217 E and E companies. The path analysis and test of the hypotheses were carried out through structural equation modelling. This study has successfully unveiled a comprehensive SPM model with unprecedented scope, stretching from factors to indicators of a SPM model for Malaysian E and E companies. The findings indicate that pressure from stakeholders and globalization are the driving forces for E and E companies to be more proactive in sustainable practices. In this context, stakeholders, especially policy makers, should play the leading political and social roles in encouraging the adoption of SPMs in developing nations. It must be noted that E and E companies are likely to transform their learning culture and technology in terms of working towards sustainable practices once they have realized the financial benefits of adopting SPMs. With these benefits, a compounding effect due to SPMs will be created among E and E companies, where excellent performance can be achieved continuously. A major limitation of this study is the adoption of the contingency theory, which is yet to have a wide application in this area of study. Meanwhile, future research can be longitudinal in nature in addition to focusing on non-profit organizations.

ACS Style

Tze San Ong; Boon Heng Teh; Ah Suat Lee. Contingent Factors and Sustainable Performance Measurement (SPM) Practices of Malaysian Electronics and Electrical Companies. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1058 .

AMA Style

Tze San Ong, Boon Heng Teh, Ah Suat Lee. Contingent Factors and Sustainable Performance Measurement (SPM) Practices of Malaysian Electronics and Electrical Companies. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (4):1058.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tze San Ong; Boon Heng Teh; Ah Suat Lee. 2019. "Contingent Factors and Sustainable Performance Measurement (SPM) Practices of Malaysian Electronics and Electrical Companies." Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1058.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2018 in International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of intensity of market competition and strategic orientation on the adoption of green initiatives among public listed companies (PLCs) in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was distributed to all 921 PLCs, and 120 samples were analysed. This study used a statistical tool named partial least squares – structural equation modelling (PLS–SEM) for data analysis. Interviews were also conducted with a few selected companies to obtain in-depth information on green practices. Findings The findings of this paper reveal that strategic orientation significantly influences the adoption of green initiatives in Malaysian PLCs while the intensity of market competition does not. Competition on green products or services is not prevalent yet in Malaysia; hence, PLCs are reluctant to make huge investment in green activities. The extent of green initiatives adoption in Malaysian PLCs is just at a moderate level, suggesting that Malaysian PLCs are not so proactive but in the progressing stage of practicing green. PLCs still need some incentives to adopt more green initiatives. Research limitations/implications The present study only focussed on the green initiatives adoption in Malaysian PLCs; hence, the research findings may not be generalizable to other countries. This study only considered the contingency theory and stakeholder theory. Due to the time and cost constraints, the data were collected at only one single point of time; thus, it may inherit the usual limitations of cross-sectional data. Practical implications The findings of this study also give empirical evidence to the practitioners that their decisions to adopt green initiatives are significantly influenced by certain factors. Companies need to understand the key drivers of their green initiatives in order for them to meet the green challenges and to ultimately derive performance from their implementations. Regulatory authorities and financial institutions could facilitate and encourage for the effective implementation of green initiatives by providing more incentives and facilities. Social implications The findings of this study that provide the forces of green initiatives would arouse more environmental concerns among individuals, organizations, and society. The findings of this study also open an eye to the society that commitment of everyone, including upper and lower level of position, is needed in order to create the culture of green for the benefit of society as a whole. Originality/value This study contributes to the environmental management literature in the context of green and sustainable development, and to nurture green practices among industries and society for the aims to achieve the sustainability agenda. This study is conducted to explain the motivation behind the proactive decisions on sustainability practices. The current literature on green issues and sustainability provides limited evidence on what really drives companies to practice green.

ACS Style

Nor Azah Abdul Aziz; Soon Y. Foong; Tze San Ong; Rosmila Senik; Hassan Attan; Yusri Arshad. Intensity of market competition, strategic orientation and adoption of green initiatives in Malaysian public listed companies. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 2018, 67, 1334 -1351.

AMA Style

Nor Azah Abdul Aziz, Soon Y. Foong, Tze San Ong, Rosmila Senik, Hassan Attan, Yusri Arshad. Intensity of market competition, strategic orientation and adoption of green initiatives in Malaysian public listed companies. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 2018; 67 (8):1334-1351.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nor Azah Abdul Aziz; Soon Y. Foong; Tze San Ong; Rosmila Senik; Hassan Attan; Yusri Arshad. 2018. "Intensity of market competition, strategic orientation and adoption of green initiatives in Malaysian public listed companies." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 67, no. 8: 1334-1351.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Sustainability
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Because it has become more and more urgent for organizations to implement environmental strategies with the support of organizational culture, this study considers it necessary to conduct an empirical study to examine the impact of organizational culture on environmental performance. Synthesizing the perspectives of organizational culture and environmental performance, we applied a theoretical model in the manufacturing industry of Pakistan linking an organizational culture that supports environmental practices for better environmental performance. Based on a survey of 314 manufacturing firms, using Smart-PLS, the current study found that adaptability, mission and consistency positively affect environmental performance. However, involvement does not have an effect on environmental performance. Additionally, organizational culture as a latent variable has a strong impact on environmental performance. The study is one of the first, to the author’s knowledge that links OC and EP in a developing economy, in this case Pakistan.

ACS Style

Hussain Bakhsh Magsi; Tze San Ong; Jo Ann Ho; Ahmad Fahmi Sheikh Hassan. Organizational Culture and Environmental Performance. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2690 .

AMA Style

Hussain Bakhsh Magsi, Tze San Ong, Jo Ann Ho, Ahmad Fahmi Sheikh Hassan. Organizational Culture and Environmental Performance. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hussain Bakhsh Magsi; Tze San Ong; Jo Ann Ho; Ahmad Fahmi Sheikh Hassan. 2018. "Organizational Culture and Environmental Performance." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2690.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2018 in Sustainability
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Environmental issues bring about thoughtful questions on the roles of business organisations in society. Irrespective of whether they are contributing to a better environment or worsening it, organisations have to acknowledge environmental or green issues through impact research and measurement. This article aims to examine the extent of green initiatives adoption and its impact on environmental performance of public listed companies (PLCs) in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was conducted on PLCs and data from 120 samples were analysed using a statistical tool partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Interviews were also conducted with a few selected companies to obtain in-depth information on green practices and to support the survey findings. The findings reveal that the extent of green initiatives adoption and environmental performance is at moderate level. Green initiatives adoption positively affects the environmental performance of Malaysian PLCs. The present study contributes to the literature of environmental management in the context of green and sustainable development. It also provides some important contributions for management practices by providing empirical evidence to managers that green initiatives should be extensively adopted to enhance environmental performances.

ACS Style

Nor Azah Abdul Aziz; Tze San Ong; Soon Yau Foong; Rosmila Senik; Hassan Attan. Green Initiatives Adoption and Environmental Performance of Public Listed Companies in Malaysia. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2003 .

AMA Style

Nor Azah Abdul Aziz, Tze San Ong, Soon Yau Foong, Rosmila Senik, Hassan Attan. Green Initiatives Adoption and Environmental Performance of Public Listed Companies in Malaysia. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (6):2003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nor Azah Abdul Aziz; Tze San Ong; Soon Yau Foong; Rosmila Senik; Hassan Attan. 2018. "Green Initiatives Adoption and Environmental Performance of Public Listed Companies in Malaysia." Sustainability 10, no. 6: 2003.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2016 in Corporate Ownership and Control
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Corporate governance has drawn attention of investors and government after the incidence of financial crisis world- wide since the late 90’s. Despite that reforms of corporate governance have been in place in Malaysia, voluntary disclosure of corporate governance has yet to proof its impact on the financial performance of the companies. This study examines the relationship between corporate governance attributes and firm financial performance in Malaysia. The relationship between board characteristics (board tenure, board size and CEO duality) were analyzed to investigate their correlation with firm financial performances. A total of 100 public listed companies were randomly selected from Bursa Malaysia for the year 2009 to 2013. Random effect panel data regression was obtained by using Stata. This study finds that board size, board tenure were significant to Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Assets (ROA). However, firm size has no significant relationship with firm financial performance. It is recommended that apart from including more variables as controlling effects on firm financial performance and examining few industries as sample, it is also good to examine the correlation between board characteristics and corporate governance variables (foreign listings, equity analysis, external auditors, leverage ratios, dividend policy, etc.) on one hand, and ownership structures on the other hand, that have significant impact on firm financial performance.

ACS Style

Sin Huei Ng; Boon Heng Teh; Tze San Ong; Wei Ni Soh. The relationship between board characteristics and firm financial performance in Malaysia. Corporate Ownership and Control 2016, 14, 259 -268.

AMA Style

Sin Huei Ng, Boon Heng Teh, Tze San Ong, Wei Ni Soh. The relationship between board characteristics and firm financial performance in Malaysia. Corporate Ownership and Control. 2016; 14 (1):259-268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sin Huei Ng; Boon Heng Teh; Tze San Ong; Wei Ni Soh. 2016. "The relationship between board characteristics and firm financial performance in Malaysia." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 1: 259-268.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition
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This paper explores whether the performance of publicly-listed family-controlled firms in Malaysia is related to the extent of the families’ ownership. It also explores whether there are any moderating effects from the various attributes of board independence on the ownership-performance relationship of these firms. The findings indicate that increasing families’ ownership is related to better firm performance under the condition that the families do not have absolute ownership and control over their firms. However, giving more control via majority ownership that causes the families to become the only dominant party might enhance their ability to expropriate and cause firm performance to deteriorate. Therefore, proposal to increase ownership as a mean to reduce the classical agency-theory problems should be caveated under the principal-principal perspective. It is also found that the various board independence attributes do not exhibit any moderating influence on the family ownership-firm performance relationship. This finding may indicate the powerlessness of the boards of director in Malaysia when encountered with the influential controlling families whom the directorship tenures and opportunities of the non-family directors depend on. Decisions made by the controlling families which have bearing on firm performance may not have been effectively counter checked by the boards due to the lack of truly independent nature of the boards

ACS Style

Sin-Huei Ng; Tze San Ong; Boon Heng Teh; Wei Ni Soh. How is firm performance related to family ownership in Malaysia and does board independence moderate the relationship? Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition 2015, 11, 21 -35.

AMA Style

Sin-Huei Ng, Tze San Ong, Boon Heng Teh, Wei Ni Soh. How is firm performance related to family ownership in Malaysia and does board independence moderate the relationship? Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition. 2015; 11 (2):21-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sin-Huei Ng; Tze San Ong; Boon Heng Teh; Wei Ni Soh. 2015. "How is firm performance related to family ownership in Malaysia and does board independence moderate the relationship?" Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition 11, no. 2: 21-35.