Our study investigates the drivers that foster the emergence of entrepreneurial responses to climate change among Indigenous communities. Indigenous peoples possess distinct worldviews and approaches to enterprise that prioritize community well-being and environmental stewardship over individual profit. Conventional entrepreneurship theories do not adequately capture Indigenous business approaches, leaving a limited understanding of how Indigenous communities merge traditional ecological knowledge with entrepreneurial activities to adapt to climate challenges. Through a systematic literature review (65 articles) and a case study of six Sri Lankan Vedda communities, we identified 15 key drivers that shape Indigenous climate-adaptive ventures and categorized them under five themes: (1) place-based relationships (resource stewardship, territorial connections, environmental risk factors); (2) intergenerational learning (traditional knowledge transfer, adaptation learning, collective experience); (3) community institutions (social networks, institutional support, overcoming the agency–structure paradox); (4) collective capacity (access to information, access to capital, community-oriented entrepreneurial traits); and (5) culturally aligned venture strategies (Indigenous business models, traditional products, local market relationships). Our study demonstrates how Vedda communities integrate entrepreneurship with cultural values to enhance climate resilience. Our research advances the field of Indigenous entrepreneurship while providing insights for policymakers and practitioners to support culturally appropriate climate adaptation strategies that enhance both community well-being and environmental sustainability.

During the last few decades, the remarkable progress in the field of satellite remote sensing (RS) technology has enabled us to capture coarse, moderate to high-resolution earth imagery on weekly, daily, and even hourly intervals

Despite coastal regions’ importance and vulnerability to climate change, Ghana’s coasts remain underexplored through social-ecological systems (SES) approaches, with limited attention to Indigenous and local communities’ adaptive responses to contemporary challenges. We conducted a study with the aims of (1) identifying the changes in coastal SES as perceived by the Akplabanya community and (2) examining the Akplabanya community’s human adaptation responses to those changes. During two months of fieldwork in Akplabanya, we used four data collection methods: participant observation, semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. We found social-ecological changes related to five themes: (i) coastal climate change (sea-level rise), (ii) resource change (changes in land use), (iii) agrobiodiversity loss (changes in livestock), (iv) pollution (unsustainable practices) and (v) population change (increasing population). As adaptation responses to these changes, the community adaptive responses we found were (a) place (sense of place), (b) agency (emergence of food markets), (c) Indigenous and local knowledge (weakening of Indigenous knowledge), (d) collective action (collective solutions), (e) institutions (partnerships) and (f) learning (awareness). Our study highlights the urgent need for targeted research in regions like Ghana to guide and improve adaptation policy interventions for scientists, policymakers and researchers.

This study examines how non-climatic factors, such as loss of land rights and economic barriers, exacerbate the impacts of climate change on the food security of Arctic Indigenous Peoples. Given the limited assessment of interaction between non-climatic factors and climate impacts on the pan-Arctic scale, this research aims to identify (1) geographical distribution of research focusing on the non-climatic factors and adaptation strategies shaping food security, (2) non-climatic factors and their interactions exacerbating climate impacts on food security, and (3) adaptive capacities to the impacts of non-climatic factors and their interactions on food security. A systematic literature review of 170 peer-reviewed articles synthesized existing knowledge from four databases: Web of Science, Scopus, AGRICOLA, and CAB Direct. Qualitative content analysis was done to identify non-climatic factors, their impacts on food security, and adaptive capacities, whereas descriptive and chi-square statistics were used to reveal trends, patterns, and significance of their interactions. First, we found there is a lack of research focus on local-level Indigenous Peoples’ food security in Norway, Sweden, and Finland compared to other pan-Arctic countries. Second, impacts of seven dominant themes of non-climatic factors: institutional, economic, socio-cultural/behavioral, infrastructural, technological, health, and other on six dimensions of food security were identified. Third, adaptation to non-climatic factors existed through food sharing, livelihood diversification, and migration, although ineffective adaptation causes maladaptation. By identifying vulnerabilities to food security and adaptive capacities, this study provides policymakers with insights on research gaps, impacts of non-climatic factors, and opportunities to improve adaptation and reduce maladaptation in pan-Arctic context.

Indigenous food systems are increasingly threatened by climate change, socio-economic transformations, and reduced access to traditional lands and resources, contributing to disproportionately high levels of food insecurity among Indigenous peoples. Despite growing recognition of Indigenous food systems within sustainability research, limited attention has been given to Indigenous food system governance across different contexts. This study examined: (1) how Indigenous food systems vary across continents; (2) the key characteristics of Indigenous food system governance; and (3) how these characteristics are expressed within Sri Lankan Vedda communities. A systematic literature review of 143 publications from Web of Science and Scopus was conducted alongside a multi-sited case study involving 114 semi-structured interviews across six Vedda communities in Sri Lanka. Findings revealed continental variations in food sourcing, food sources, food use, and harvesting practices. Eight interconnected governance characteristics were identified: co-management, leadership, participatory research, partnerships, social networks, mutualism, collective action, and religious/cultural dimensions. Evidence from Sri Lankan Vedda communities demonstrated that strong leadership, social cohesion, and collaborative partnerships enhanced food security and resilience, whereas weakened governance structures and limited external support contributed to food insecurity. The study highlights the importance of strengthening Indigenous self-governance to support sustainable Indigenous food systems.