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Prof. Dr. Sérgio Ivan Lopes
Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal

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0 Embedded Systems
0 Signal Processing
0 IoT, Smart cities
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Journal article
Published: 26 August 2021 in Sensors
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Internet of Things (IoT) can help to pave the way to the circular economy and to a more sustainable world by enabling the digitalization of many operations and processes, such as water distribution, preventive maintenance, or smart manufacturing. Paradoxically, IoT technologies and paradigms such as edge computing, although they have a huge potential for the digital transition towards sustainability, they are not yet contributing to the sustainable development of the IoT sector itself. In fact, such a sector has a significant carbon footprint due to the use of scarce raw materials and its energy consumption in manufacturing, operating, and recycling processes. To tackle these issues, the Green IoT (G-IoT) paradigm has emerged as a research area to reduce such carbon footprint; however, its sustainable vision collides directly with the advent of Edge Artificial Intelligence (Edge AI), which imposes the consumption of additional energy. This article deals with this problem by exploring the different aspects that impact the design and development of Edge-AI G-IoT systems. Moreover, it presents a practical Industry 5.0 use case that illustrates the different concepts analyzed throughout the article. Specifically, the proposed scenario consists in an Industry 5.0 smart workshop that looks for improving operator safety and operation tracking. Such an application case makes use of a mist computing architecture composed of AI-enabled IoT nodes. After describing the application case, it is evaluated its energy consumption and it is analyzed the impact on the carbon footprint that it may have on different countries. Overall, this article provides guidelines that will help future developers to face the challenges that will arise when creating the next generation of Edge-AI G-IoT systems.

ACS Style

Paula Fraga-Lamas; Sérgio Ivan Lopes; Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés. Green IoT and Edge AI as Key Technological Enablers for a Sustainable Digital Transition towards a Smart Circular Economy: An Industry 5.0 Use Case. Sensors 2021, 21, 5745 .

AMA Style

Paula Fraga-Lamas, Sérgio Ivan Lopes, Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés. Green IoT and Edge AI as Key Technological Enablers for a Sustainable Digital Transition towards a Smart Circular Economy: An Industry 5.0 Use Case. Sensors. 2021; 21 (17):5745.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paula Fraga-Lamas; Sérgio Ivan Lopes; Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés. 2021. "Green IoT and Edge AI as Key Technological Enablers for a Sustainable Digital Transition towards a Smart Circular Economy: An Industry 5.0 Use Case." Sensors 21, no. 17: 5745.

Systematic review
Published: 11 August 2021 in Sensors
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Wearable and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in sports open a new era in athlete’s training, not only for performance monitoring and evaluation but also for fitness assessment. These technologies rely on sensor systems that collect, process and transmit relevant data, such as biomarkers and/or other performance indicators that are crucial to evaluate the evolution of the athlete’s condition, and therefore potentiate their performance. This work aims to identify and summarize recent studies that have used wearables and IoT technologies and discuss its applicability for fitness assessment. A systematic review of electronic databases (WOS, CCC, DIIDW, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, SCIELO, IEEEXplore, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane and Web of Science) was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 280 studies initially identified, 20 were fully examined in terms of hardware and software and their applicability for fitness assessment. Results have shown that wearable and IoT technologies have been used in sports not only for fitness assessment but also for monitoring the athlete’s internal and external workloads, employing physiological status monitoring and activity recognition and tracking techniques. However, the maturity level of such technologies is still low, particularly with the need for the acquisition of more—and more effective—biomarkers regarding the athlete’s internal workload, which limits its wider adoption by the sports community.

ACS Style

João Passos; Sérgio Ivan Lopes; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Pedro Miguel Moreira; Markel Rico-González; Pedro Bezerra; Luís Paulo Rodrigues. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review. Sensors 2021, 21, 5418 .

AMA Style

João Passos, Sérgio Ivan Lopes, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Pedro Miguel Moreira, Markel Rico-González, Pedro Bezerra, Luís Paulo Rodrigues. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review. Sensors. 2021; 21 (16):5418.

Chicago/Turabian Style

João Passos; Sérgio Ivan Lopes; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Pedro Miguel Moreira; Markel Rico-González; Pedro Bezerra; Luís Paulo Rodrigues. 2021. "Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review." Sensors 21, no. 16: 5418.

Journal article
Published: 26 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The explosive data growth in the current information age requires consistent new methodologies harmonized with the new IoT era for data analysis in a space–time context. Moreover, intuitive data visualization is a central feature in exploring, interpreting, and extracting specific insights for subsequent numerical data representation. This integrated process is normally based on the definition of relevant metrics and specific performance indicators, both computed upon continuous real-time data, considering the specificities of a particular application case for data validation. This article presents an IoT-oriented evaluation tool for Radon Risk Management (RRM), based on the design of a simple and intuitive Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI), specifically tailored to be used as a decision-making aid tool for building owners, building designers, and buildings managers, or simply as an alert flag for the problem awareness of ordinary citizens. The proposed methodology was designed for graphic representation aligned with the requirements of the current IoT age, i.e., the methodology is robust enough for continuous data collection with specific Spatio-temporal attributes and, therefore, a set of adequate Radon risk-related metrics can be extracted and proposed. Metrics are summarized considering the application case, taken as a case study for data validation, by including relevant variables to frame the study, such as the regulatory International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) dosimetric limits, building occupancy (spatial dimension), and occupants’ exposure periods (temporal dimension). This work has the following main contributions: (1) providing a historical perspective regarding RRM indicator evolution along time; (2) outlining both the formulation and the validation of the proposed IRREI indicator; (3) implementing an IoT-oriented methodology for an RRM indicator; and (4) a discussion on Radon risk public perception, undertaken based on the results obtained after assessment of the IRREI indicator by applying a screening questionnaire with a total of 873 valid answers.

ACS Style

Sérgio Lopes; Leonel Nunes; António Curado. Designing an Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI): An Evaluation Tool for Risk Management and Communication in the IoT Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7907 .

AMA Style

Sérgio Lopes, Leonel Nunes, António Curado. Designing an Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI): An Evaluation Tool for Risk Management and Communication in the IoT Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):7907.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sérgio Lopes; Leonel Nunes; António Curado. 2021. "Designing an Indoor Radon Risk Exposure Indicator (IRREI): An Evaluation Tool for Risk Management and Communication in the IoT Age." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7907.

Review
Published: 13 June 2021 in Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review
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ACS Style

João Passos; Sérgio Ivan Lopes; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Pedro Miguel Moreira; Markel Rico-González; Pedro Bezerra; Luis Paulo Rodrigues. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

João Passos, Sérgio Ivan Lopes, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Pedro Miguel Moreira, Markel Rico-González, Pedro Bezerra, Luis Paulo Rodrigues. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

João Passos; Sérgio Ivan Lopes; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Pedro Miguel Moreira; Markel Rico-González; Pedro Bezerra; Luis Paulo Rodrigues. 2021. "Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review." Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 22 May 2021 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is an essential requirement for improving building sustainability. In fact, indoor pollution creates serious problems for human health and occupants’ well-being. Considering that Europeans spend on average 90% of their time inside buildings, IAQ plays a decisive role in human health, especially for the most vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children. Concerning children and youth, due to the presence for long periods of time in school classrooms, they tend to be more susceptible to developing chronic diseases such as asthma, allergies, and respiratory problems or make these problems more increased. In these circumstances, to prevent the occurrence of these specific illnesses, it is essential to improve the school environment, namely, classroom \(^\prime \) indoor air quality. This research aims to specify both the design and development processes of a LoRa-based IoT Edge device for classroom IAQ monitoring, by using low-cost commercial off-the-shelf components, capable of measuring relevant IAQ parameters specifically selected for a specific case-study analysis, namely the following: carbon dioxide (CO\(_{2}\)), particle matter, and volatile organic compounds (VOC). At last, the prototype is delivered and assessed under controlled conditions. It is also worth highlighting that the prototype’s overall cost is approximately 150€.

ACS Style

António Abreu; Sérgio I. Lopes; Vitor Manso; António Curado. Low-Cost LoRa-Based IoT Edge Device for Indoor Air Quality Management in Schools. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2021, 246 -258.

AMA Style

António Abreu, Sérgio I. Lopes, Vitor Manso, António Curado. Low-Cost LoRa-Based IoT Edge Device for Indoor Air Quality Management in Schools. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2021; ():246-258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

António Abreu; Sérgio I. Lopes; Vitor Manso; António Curado. 2021. "Low-Cost LoRa-Based IoT Edge Device for Indoor Air Quality Management in Schools." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 246-258.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Due to its pervasive nature, the Internet of Things (IoT) is demanding for Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) since wirelessly connected devices need battery-efficient and long-range communications. Due to its low-cost and high availability (regional/city level scale), this type of network has been widely used in several IoT applications, such as Smart Metering, Smart Grids, Smart Buildings, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), SCADA Systems. By using LPWAN technologies, the IoT devices are less dependent on common and existing infrastructure, can operate using small, inexpensive, and long-lasting batteries (up to 10 years), and can be easily deployed within wide areas, typically above 2 km in urban zones. The starting point of this work was an overview of the security vulnerabilities that exist in LPWANs, followed by a literature review with the main goal of substantiating an attack vector analysis specifically designed for the IoT ecosystem. This methodological approach resulted in three main contributions: (i) a systematic review regarding cybersecurity in LPWANs with a focus on vulnerabilities, threats, and typical defense strategies; (ii) a state-of-the-art review on the most prominent results that have been found in the systematic review, with focus on the last three years; (iii) a security analysis on the recent attack vectors regarding IoT applications using LPWANs. Results have shown that LPWANs communication technologies contain security vulnerabilities that can lead to irreversible harm in critical and non-critical IoT application domains. Also, the conception and implementation of up-to-date defenses are relevant to protect systems, networks, and data.

ACS Style

Nuno Torres; Pedro Pinto; Sérgio Lopes. Security Vulnerabilities in LPWANs—An Attack Vector Analysis for the IoT Ecosystem. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3176 .

AMA Style

Nuno Torres, Pedro Pinto, Sérgio Lopes. Security Vulnerabilities in LPWANs—An Attack Vector Analysis for the IoT Ecosystem. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):3176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuno Torres; Pedro Pinto; Sérgio Lopes. 2021. "Security Vulnerabilities in LPWANs—An Attack Vector Analysis for the IoT Ecosystem." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7: 3176.

Conference paper
Published: 29 March 2021 in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
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Higher education institutions are passing through a fast digital transformation process that has the potential to enable frictionless, touchless, and more intuitive experiences in academia. Moreover, students are now digital natives and demand from higher education institutions new digital services for all academic purposes. In this article, we introduce the design methodology used for the architecture specification of the IPVC Smart & Sustainable Campus (IPVC-S2C), a FIWARE-based platform with edge-enabled intelligence. The current research also surveys and characterizes low-cost IoT edge hardware capable of performing distributed machine learning. Lastly, a proof of concept focus on Indoor Air Quality monitoring on the campus is presented and the forthcoming research is outlined.

ACS Style

Pedro Martins; Sérgio I. Lopes; António Curado. Designing a FIWARE-Based Smart Campus with IoT Edge-Enabled Intelligence. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2021, 557 -569.

AMA Style

Pedro Martins, Sérgio I. Lopes, António Curado. Designing a FIWARE-Based Smart Campus with IoT Edge-Enabled Intelligence. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2021; ():557-569.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Martins; Sérgio I. Lopes; António Curado. 2021. "Designing a FIWARE-Based Smart Campus with IoT Edge-Enabled Intelligence." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 557-569.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been a recurrent view of the physical technological environment, in the light of which it is expected that everyday artifacts are connected, enhancing the availability and ubiquity of “smart” services. Higher education institutions can be seen as a privileged ecosystem for the development of intelligent and smart solutions, due to its dynamic and everyday changing environment, which includes not only physical infrastructures, digital services, but also people, i.e., students, researchers, lecturers, and staff. This work introduces an Application-oriented Architecture-AoA that has been designed to streamline the design and development of “smart” solutions inside the campus, by focusing on the Application side and reshaping the concept of “service” to a piece of “functionality” with a clear and objective purpose, rather than the classic and conventional approach, more focused on the development or technical sides. The proposed approach provides the mechanism to have multiple applications interacting and sharing data and functionalities, ensuring coexistence between new and legacy systems that are in use on the campus, removing the major drawbacks that basic monolithic applications typically require. The generic AoA model is described and the procedure to create a new application is systematized. Lastly, three case studies (RnMonitor, Refill_H2O, and BiRa) are presented end elaborated using the AoA procedure designed to create a new application.

ACS Style

Pedro Martins; Sérgio Lopes; António Rosado da Cruz; António Curado. Towards a Smart & Sustainable Campus: An Application-Oriented Architecture to Streamline Digitization and Strengthen Sustainability in Academia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3189 .

AMA Style

Pedro Martins, Sérgio Lopes, António Rosado da Cruz, António Curado. Towards a Smart & Sustainable Campus: An Application-Oriented Architecture to Streamline Digitization and Strengthen Sustainability in Academia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3189.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Martins; Sérgio Lopes; António Rosado da Cruz; António Curado. 2021. "Towards a Smart & Sustainable Campus: An Application-Oriented Architecture to Streamline Digitization and Strengthen Sustainability in Academia." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3189.

Review
Published: 10 November 2020 in Sensors
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Internet of Things (IoT) has been developing to become a free exchange of useful information between multiple real-world devices. Already spread all over the world in the most varied forms and applications, IoT devices need to overcome a series of challenges to respond to the new requirements and demands. The main focus of this manuscript is to establish good practices for the design of IoT devices (i.e., smart devices) with a focus on two main design challenges: power and connectivity. It groups IoT devices in passive, semi-passive, and active, giving details on multiple research topics. Backscatter communication, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), Energy Harvesting (EH), chipless devices, Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT), and Wake-Up Radio (WUR) are some examples of the technologies that will be explored in this work.

ACS Style

Felisberto Pereira; Ricardo Correia; Pedro Pinho; Sérgio I. Lopes; Nuno Borges Carvalho. Challenges in Resource-Constrained IoT Devices: Energy and Communication as Critical Success Factors for Future IoT Deployment. Sensors 2020, 20, 6420 .

AMA Style

Felisberto Pereira, Ricardo Correia, Pedro Pinho, Sérgio I. Lopes, Nuno Borges Carvalho. Challenges in Resource-Constrained IoT Devices: Energy and Communication as Critical Success Factors for Future IoT Deployment. Sensors. 2020; 20 (22):6420.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felisberto Pereira; Ricardo Correia; Pedro Pinho; Sérgio I. Lopes; Nuno Borges Carvalho. 2020. "Challenges in Resource-Constrained IoT Devices: Energy and Communication as Critical Success Factors for Future IoT Deployment." Sensors 20, no. 22: 6420.

Journal article
Published: 10 November 2020 in IEEE Access
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Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can easily accumulate in indoor environments. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), radon gas is the second largest risk factor associated with lung cancer, after tobacco smoking. People spend at least half their life inside buildings, which are becoming increasingly more hermetic due to the pursuit of high energy efficiency – an increase in ventilation rates tends to increase heat losses. In this context, energy efficiency and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) concepts, if not studied in a balanced way, can move in opposite directions. The introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for continuous assessment of the IAQ can help to achieve an optimally integrated balance between them. This article focus on the specification and design of the RnProbe, an IoT Edge Device developed under the scope of the RnMonitor R&D project whose main objective was the specification and development of a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) for integrated Radon Risk Management in public buildings, such as schools, kindergartens, offices, and hospitals, that are restricted to regular occupancy schedules, so that policymakers and building managers can reduce public health risks associated with the exposure to this pollutant. The device collects, aggregates, and transmits up to the cloud, several indoor environmental parameters. When combined these measurements are used to perform specific mitigation actions in the building, to improve IAQ.

ACS Style

Felisberto Pereira; Sergio Ivan Lopes; Nuno Borges Carvalho; Antonio Curado. RnProbe: A LoRa-Enabled IoT Edge Device for Integrated Radon Risk Management. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 203488 -203502.

AMA Style

Felisberto Pereira, Sergio Ivan Lopes, Nuno Borges Carvalho, Antonio Curado. RnProbe: A LoRa-Enabled IoT Edge Device for Integrated Radon Risk Management. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():203488-203502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felisberto Pereira; Sergio Ivan Lopes; Nuno Borges Carvalho; Antonio Curado. 2020. "RnProbe: A LoRa-Enabled IoT Edge Device for Integrated Radon Risk Management." IEEE Access 8, no. : 203488-203502.

Conference paper
Published: 15 September 2020 in Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems
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Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas formed in the soil with higher predominance in granitic zones. It is a well-known Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) parameter that is measured in higher radon risk zones. The proposed methodology begins with a unidimensional data characterization followed by a multidimensional analysis that will relate radon concentration with other parameters, i.e., Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Indoor Air Pressure. The visual representation of the radon gas concentration variation over the week and throughout the day helped to identify some relevant patterns. A multi-parameter approach was used to analyze the correlation of radon gas concentration with the other parameters, which can be managed to improve the overall IAQ.

ACS Style

Rolando Azevedo; Joaquim P. Silva; Nuno Lopes; António Curado; Sérgio I. Lopes. Short-Term Indoor Radon Gas Assessment in Granitic Public Buildings: A Multi-Parameter Approach. Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems 2020, 415 -418.

AMA Style

Rolando Azevedo, Joaquim P. Silva, Nuno Lopes, António Curado, Sérgio I. Lopes. Short-Term Indoor Radon Gas Assessment in Granitic Public Buildings: A Multi-Parameter Approach. Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems. 2020; ():415-418.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rolando Azevedo; Joaquim P. Silva; Nuno Lopes; António Curado; Sérgio I. Lopes. 2020. "Short-Term Indoor Radon Gas Assessment in Granitic Public Buildings: A Multi-Parameter Approach." Plant-Microbes-Engineered Nano-particles (PM-ENPs) Nexus in Agro-Ecosystems , no. : 415-418.

Conference paper
Published: 28 July 2020 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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Radon gas is one of the most relevant indoor pollutants in areas of slaty and granitic soils, and is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the second-largest risk factor associated with lung cancer. In the IoT era, active radon detectors are becoming affordable and ubiquitous, and in the near future, data gathered by these IoT devices will be streamed and analyzed by cloud-based systems in order to perform the so-called mitigation actions. However, a poor radon risk communication, independently of the technologies and the data analytics adopted, can lead to a misperception of radon risk, and therefore, fail to produce the wanted risk reduction among the population. In this work we propose a visual analytics approach that can be used for effective radon risk perception in the IoT era. The proposed approach takes advantage of specific space-time clustering of time-series data and uses a simple color-based scale for radon risk assessment, specifically designed to aggregate, not only the legislation in force but also the WHO reference level, by means of a visual analytics approach. The proposed methodology is evaluated using real time-series radon data obtained during a long-term period of 7 months.

ACS Style

Sérgio I. Lopes; Sanne Bogers; Pedro M. Moreira; António Curado. A Visual Analytics Approach for Effective Radon Risk Perception in the IoT Era. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2020, 90 -101.

AMA Style

Sérgio I. Lopes, Sanne Bogers, Pedro M. Moreira, António Curado. A Visual Analytics Approach for Effective Radon Risk Perception in the IoT Era. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2020; ():90-101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sérgio I. Lopes; Sanne Bogers; Pedro M. Moreira; António Curado. 2020. "A Visual Analytics Approach for Effective Radon Risk Perception in the IoT Era." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 90-101.

Conference paper
Published: 28 July 2020 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can easily accumulate in indoor environments, being classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the second most important cause of lung cancer after tobacco, negatively impacting public health. The presence of this gas indoors tends to increase in regions were the subsoil presents a higher granitic prevalence, such as the northern and central interior regions of Portugal. The paper introduces RnMonitor, a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) with humans-in-the-loop specifically designed for online monitoring and active mitigation of radon risk in public buildings. The system takes advantage of an IoT device specifically designed to acquire radon concentration and other relevant Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and consequently transmit the collected data, using a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN), to a cloud-engine for reasoning and therefore trigger specific mitigation actions, e.g. manual ventilation.

ACS Style

Pedro Martins; Sérgio I. Lopes; Felisberto Pereira; António Curado. RnMonitor: An IoT-Enabled Platform for Radon Risk Management in Public Buildings. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2020, 49 -55.

AMA Style

Pedro Martins, Sérgio I. Lopes, Felisberto Pereira, António Curado. RnMonitor: An IoT-Enabled Platform for Radon Risk Management in Public Buildings. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2020; ():49-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Martins; Sérgio I. Lopes; Felisberto Pereira; António Curado. 2020. "RnMonitor: An IoT-Enabled Platform for Radon Risk Management in Public Buildings." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 49-55.

Conference paper
Published: 19 June 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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ACS Style

A Curado; J P Silva; Sérgio I. Lopes. Radon Risk Reduction in Public Buildings with Regular Occupancy: A Case Study in Minho Region, Portugal. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 503, 1 .

AMA Style

A Curado, J P Silva, Sérgio I. Lopes. Radon Risk Reduction in Public Buildings with Regular Occupancy: A Case Study in Minho Region, Portugal. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 503 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A Curado; J P Silva; Sérgio I. Lopes. 2020. "Radon Risk Reduction in Public Buildings with Regular Occupancy: A Case Study in Minho Region, Portugal." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 503, no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2020 in 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI)
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ACS Style

Hugo Pereira; Rui Carreira; Pedro Pinto; Sergio I. Lopes. Hacking the RFID-based Authentication System of a University Campus on a Budget. 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Hugo Pereira, Rui Carreira, Pedro Pinto, Sergio I. Lopes. Hacking the RFID-based Authentication System of a University Campus on a Budget. 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hugo Pereira; Rui Carreira; Pedro Pinto; Sergio I. Lopes. 2020. "Hacking the RFID-based Authentication System of a University Campus on a Budget." 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) , no. : 1.

Conference info
Published: 01 February 2020 in Energy Reports
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A high-occupancy elementary school building recently retrofitted, with low energy consumption and no central climatization systems for heating, cooling and ventilation, located in the North region of Portugal was widely monitored to assess radon risk as a measure of indoor air quality. The experimental campaign was implemented in the spring of 2018 and during a period of one month, the radon gas concentration was continuously assessed. The main goal of the study is to evaluate the influence of variables such as the occupancy, the location of the monitored rooms and ventilation actions that were undertaken, to effectively evaluate the risk to radon exposure in a scenario of very low energy spent for heating, cooling and ventilation. The final results showed that 46% of the rooms exceeded the limit of 300 Bq.m−3 imposed by the Portuguese legislation in force. However, when considering a dosimetric approach reflecting the school building occupation profile (SBOP), by the calculation of the Indoor Annual Effective Dose (IAED), 93% of the rooms were above the occupational dose limit of 1 mSv/year, recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Based on the results, there is evidence that the risk associated to the exposure to radon gas in indoor environments does not depend only on its concentration in the monitored room, but also on the number of occupants, period of occupancy, ventilation rate and on the location of the room in the building.

ACS Style

António Curado; João P. Silva; Sérgio I. Lopes. Radon risk assessment in a low-energy consumption school building: A dosimetric approach for effective risk management. Energy Reports 2020, 6, 897 -902.

AMA Style

António Curado, João P. Silva, Sérgio I. Lopes. Radon risk assessment in a low-energy consumption school building: A dosimetric approach for effective risk management. Energy Reports. 2020; 6 ():897-902.

Chicago/Turabian Style

António Curado; João P. Silva; Sérgio I. Lopes. 2020. "Radon risk assessment in a low-energy consumption school building: A dosimetric approach for effective risk management." Energy Reports 6, no. : 897-902.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2019 in 2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)
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Depending on the architectural typology and function of a specific building or compartment, Building Occupancy Estimation (BOE) is a critical factor for effective green building management. By estimating the building occupancy over time we can reduce the overall energy consumption, and therefore, improve the building energy efficiency. In a public building context, for example, such as an administration office, a school or a kindergarten, building occupancy is normally restricted to a regular work schedule and its effective occupation can considerably vary in this period, in terms of number of occupants per compartment or in the overall building, and therefore considerable impact the building energy consumption for heating, HVAC, lightning, etc. Occupancy estimation over time can be used to compute several metrics that are highly relevant for effective building management, e.g. users per room during work schedule, users per building overnight, etc. Towards that, in this work we introduce the design and implementation of a cost-effective IoT edge device for BOE. The proposed device, collects and transmits up to the cloud, several networking and indoor environmental parameters, that combined, will be later used to specify a multi-parameter metric for effective BOE.

ACS Style

Felisberto Pereira; Sérgio I. Lopes; Nuno B. Carvalho. Design of a Cost-Effective Multimodal IoT Edge Device for Building Occupancy Estimation. 2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) 2019, 122 -128.

AMA Style

Felisberto Pereira, Sérgio I. Lopes, Nuno B. Carvalho. Design of a Cost-Effective Multimodal IoT Edge Device for Building Occupancy Estimation. 2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). 2019; ():122-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felisberto Pereira; Sérgio I. Lopes; Nuno B. Carvalho. 2019. "Design of a Cost-Effective Multimodal IoT Edge Device for Building Occupancy Estimation." 2019 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) , no. : 122-128.

Conference paper
Published: 06 February 2019 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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The use of smart devices in buildings is many times compromised by its form and size. Smart devices are composed of several components including sensors, boards, batteries, processing units, and antennas. However, the form and size of the smart devices are usually limited due to antenna restrictions. In this paper, we propose the architecture of a compact low-cost LoRa smart device designed for easy deployment in smart building applications. The proposed device architecture features a reduced size embedded antenna and an ultra-low-power microcontroller to interface several sensors and actuators. The results obtained have shown that the proposed design can be used for communication, between two compact LoRa devices, in line-of-sight for up to 4.2 km, in urban environments for up to 1.2 km and also for in-building communications for up to 152 m, without compromising the low-power features that LoRa supports.

ACS Style

Sérgio I. Lopes; Felisberto Pereira; José M. N. Vieira; Nuno B. Carvalho; António Curado. Design of Compact LoRa Devices for Smart Building Applications. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2019, 142 -153.

AMA Style

Sérgio I. Lopes, Felisberto Pereira, José M. N. Vieira, Nuno B. Carvalho, António Curado. Design of Compact LoRa Devices for Smart Building Applications. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2019; ():142-153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sérgio I. Lopes; Felisberto Pereira; José M. N. Vieira; Nuno B. Carvalho; António Curado. 2019. "Design of Compact LoRa Devices for Smart Building Applications." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 142-153.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Procedia Structural Integrity
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The World Health Organization (WHO) considers radon gas as one of the most important agents responsible for lung cancer. Hence, radon people exposure in badly ventilated and extensively occupied rooms increases drastically the risk of health problems. Since new legislation is already in force in Portugal to combat radon risk problems, the discussion of a mitigation strategy to reduce occupants’ radon risk exposure is an issue of big actuality, of greater urgency and of extreme necessity. An administrative building made with granite stonework and founded over granite rocks, located in an inner city of Minho region, North of Portugal, was extensively assessed to characterize indoor radon concentration, air temperature and relative humidity in two office rooms, a ground floor and a top floor room. The ground floor office has numerous occupants during large periods, and the radon risk analysis showed hazard concerning radon gas exposure. The experimental assessment involved the use of short-term measurements of one complete week, over winter and summer seasons. The Indoor Effective Dose (IED) calculation, considering a dosimetric approach for the room occupation schedule, allowed concluding that during all working day, the office was above the occupational dose limit of 1 mSv/year, prescribed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). According to results, there is evidence that the occupants’ radon risk exposure is very high, wherefore some remediation measures are mandatory. The room mitigation actions should necessarily involve a set of technical solutions to reduce the potential risk for occupants combined with some awareness-raising activities to alert for risk occupation during large periods. Thus, a radon mitigation strategy is obligatory in order to provide occupants´ protection.

ACS Style

António Curado; João P. Silva; Sérgio I. Lopes. Radon risk analysis in a set of public buildings in Minho region, Portugal: from short-term monitoring to radon risk assessment. Procedia Structural Integrity 2019, 22, 386 -392.

AMA Style

António Curado, João P. Silva, Sérgio I. Lopes. Radon risk analysis in a set of public buildings in Minho region, Portugal: from short-term monitoring to radon risk assessment. Procedia Structural Integrity. 2019; 22 ():386-392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

António Curado; João P. Silva; Sérgio I. Lopes. 2019. "Radon risk analysis in a set of public buildings in Minho region, Portugal: from short-term monitoring to radon risk assessment." Procedia Structural Integrity 22, no. : 386-392.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Energy Procedia
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An ancient monastery placed in Ponte de Lima, an inner village in Alto Minho region, North of Portugal, was monitored in order to assess radon gas concentrations. The aim of this paper is to perform a short-term radon gas characterization to assess the radon risk in a school building and therefore propose adequate mitigation strategies. The experimental campaign took place during spring and summer of 2017 and was carried out in 2 complementary steps involving 17 different sites. This study revealed that the radon concentration levels are above the legal limit of 400 Bq.m-3, in 77% of the samples. The value rises to 86% when Euratom Directive limit of 300 Bq.m-3 is considered. Furthermore, the results obtained that indoor radon concentration varies with the occupancy of the rooms, since it is evident that the human ventilation actions have a considerable impact on the reduction of its concentration.

ACS Style

Sérgio I. Lopes; João Silva; Ana Antão; António Curado. Short-term characterization of the indoor air radon concentration in a XII century monastery converted into a school building. Energy Procedia 2018, 153, 303 -308.

AMA Style

Sérgio I. Lopes, João Silva, Ana Antão, António Curado. Short-term characterization of the indoor air radon concentration in a XII century monastery converted into a school building. Energy Procedia. 2018; 153 ():303-308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sérgio I. Lopes; João Silva; Ana Antão; António Curado. 2018. "Short-term characterization of the indoor air radon concentration in a XII century monastery converted into a school building." Energy Procedia 153, no. : 303-308.