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A. Kasim
Departmen of Crops and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Andalas University, Indonesia

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Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture
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The study was conducted to determine the best gambier liquid by-product (GLB) processing methods based on antioxidant activity as natural antioxidant sources. The processing methods were A (ethyl acetate fractionation), B (oven drying) and C (freeze drying) methods. The observed variables were dry extract (using weighing method), tannin (using hide powder method), catechin (using SNI 01- 339-2000 method), total phenol (using folin ciocalteu reagents) and antioxidant activities (DPPH method) based on ICAO50. These antioxidant activities were compared with vitamin C as a positive control. The results indicated that the different processing methods significantly affected (P<0.05) dry extract, tannin, catechin, total phenol and antioxidant activity of GLB. The highest dry extract, tannin, catechin, total phenol, and antioxidant activity from GLB were at treatment B (10.76%), B (39.69%), A (86.07%), C (80.97 mg GAE/g), and C (ICAO50 2.74 µg/mL), respectively. The antioxidant activity on treatment C was not different from vitamin C antioxidant activity (2.88µg/mL). Thus, the treatment C (freeze drying method) was the best method to process GLB based on antioxidant activity as natural antioxidant sources.

ACS Style

A. S. Ismail; Y. Rizal; A. Armenia; A. Kasim. Determination of the best method for processing gambier liquid by-product [Uncaria gambir (hunter) roxb] as natural antioxidant sources. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 2021, 46, 166 -172.

AMA Style

A. S. Ismail, Y. Rizal, A. Armenia, A. Kasim. Determination of the best method for processing gambier liquid by-product [Uncaria gambir (hunter) roxb] as natural antioxidant sources. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture. 2021; 46 (2):166-172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. S. Ismail; Y. Rizal; A. Armenia; A. Kasim. 2021. "Determination of the best method for processing gambier liquid by-product [Uncaria gambir (hunter) roxb] as natural antioxidant sources." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 46, no. 2: 166-172.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences
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Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are one of the palm oil industry wastes, which are quite plentiful and currently unused optimally. Biomass is one of the renewable energy resources which has important roles in the world. The bio-briquettes are manufactured through densification of waste biomass by implementing certain processes. This research aimed to obtain variations in the mold temperature at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC to the calorific value and toughness of the briquette material. The toughness was tested using ASTM D 440-86 R02 standard. Arduino program was used for setting the heating resistance time of the mold, which was 20 minutes and the thermal controller was used to adjust the temperature variation. The average mold pressure was 58 Psi. The highest heating value was obtained at a mold temperature of 250 ºC with a value of 5256 cal/g, and the lowest was resulted at a temperature of 150 ºC (4117 cal/g). Meanwhile, the briquette toughness test at 200 ºC mold temperature indicated good data results in which the average loss of fiber particles was only 4.17 %, this was because the adhesion between particles by lignin and cellulose in the fiber functions optimally at this temperature so that the resistance of briquettes went through minor damage.

ACS Style

Nofriady Handra; Anwar Kasim; Gunawarman Gunawarman; Santosa Santosa. Effect of heating temperature on quality of bio-briquette empty fruit bunch fiber. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 2020, 9, 192 -200.

AMA Style

Nofriady Handra, Anwar Kasim, Gunawarman Gunawarman, Santosa Santosa. Effect of heating temperature on quality of bio-briquette empty fruit bunch fiber. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences. 2020; 9 (3):192-200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nofriady Handra; Anwar Kasim; Gunawarman Gunawarman; Santosa Santosa. 2020. "Effect of heating temperature on quality of bio-briquette empty fruit bunch fiber." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 9, no. 3: 192-200.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2018 in Fibers
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Cellulose fiber was isolated from bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus) tuber peel. A suspension consisting of distilled water, starch, and glycerol was mixed with various cellulose loadings (0, 2, 6, and 10 g) then gelatinized using a hot plate with a magnetic stirrer. The biocomposite gel was sonicated using an ultrasonication probe (47.78 W/cm2 for 4 min). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs for the fracture surface of resulting biocomposite films displayed a rougher surface than starch film, indicating fiber dispersion in the matrix. The opacity and moisture resistance of biocomposite films increased with the addition of cellulose. The opacity was at a maximum value (243.05 AUnm) with 10 g fiber, which was 11.27% higher than the starch film without cellulose. Moisture absorption of this biocomposite was 16.79% lower than the starch film. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed this more hydrophobic nature with lower transmittance at –OH stretching in the composite than the starch film. The addition of cellulose fiber into the matrix also increased the crystallinity index.

ACS Style

Fadli Hafizulhaq; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Jon Affi. Moisture Absorption and Opacity of Starch-Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Fiber from Bengkoang. Fibers 2018, 6, 62 .

AMA Style

Fadli Hafizulhaq, Hairul Abral, Anwar Kasim, Syukri Arief, Jon Affi. Moisture Absorption and Opacity of Starch-Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Fiber from Bengkoang. Fibers. 2018; 6 (3):62.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fadli Hafizulhaq; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Jon Affi. 2018. "Moisture Absorption and Opacity of Starch-Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Fiber from Bengkoang." Fibers 6, no. 3: 62.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2018 in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
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This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of CNF obtained from ramie fibers reinforced with nano PCC tapioca starch hybrid composites. CNF-ramie was prepared by using chemical-ultrasonication process, while the nano-composites were made by utilizing a casting solution and glycerol as plasticizers. Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties are characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and the morphology of composite samples have been analyzed through SEM. The results show that the CS/4CNF/6PCC sample has the highest tensile strength and crystallinity index of 12.84 Mpa and 30.76% respectively. The addition of CNF-ramie and PCC in nanocomposites has increased moisture absorption, crystallinity, and thermal stability properties. The SEM micrographs indicate that the CNF-ramie is bound in a matrix and the PCC is weakly bound in the tapioca starch matrix mainly due to the calcium clumps in the matrix.

ACS Style

Edi Syafri; Anwar Kasim; Hairul Abral; Sudirman; Grace Tj Sulungbudi; M.R. Sanjay; Nasmi Herlina Sari. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) ramie reinforced cassava starch hybrid composites. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2018, 120, 578 -586.

AMA Style

Edi Syafri, Anwar Kasim, Hairul Abral, Sudirman, Grace Tj Sulungbudi, M.R. Sanjay, Nasmi Herlina Sari. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) ramie reinforced cassava starch hybrid composites. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2018; 120 ():578-586.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edi Syafri; Anwar Kasim; Hairul Abral; Sudirman; Grace Tj Sulungbudi; M.R. Sanjay; Nasmi Herlina Sari. 2018. "Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) ramie reinforced cassava starch hybrid composites." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 120, no. : 578-586.

Journal article
Published: 30 July 2018 in Jurnal ILMU DASAR
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Biocomposites from yam bean starch with yam bean bagasse (YBB) fibers as reinforcement has been successfully fabricated. The fabrication method was solution casting. YBB was variated for 1, 2, 3 and 4wt% (from dry weight starch basis). 2 mL glycerol was used as a plasticizer. The relative humidity (RH) condition in moisture testing was 99%. The result shows that the addition YBB able to decreased moisture absorption of starch film. The lowest moisture absorption was in biocomposites with 4wt% YBB. The moisture absorption test was supported byfourier transform infrared (FTIR) data.Keywords: Biocomposite, yam bean, yam bean bagasse, moisture, FTIR

ACS Style

Melbi Mahardika; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Mochamad Asrofi. FTIR and Moisture Absorption of Yam Bean Starch Biocomposites with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Bagasse Fibers as Reinforcement. Jurnal ILMU DASAR 2018, 19, 93 -98.

AMA Style

Melbi Mahardika, Hairul Abral, Anwar Kasim, Syukri Arief, Mochamad Asrofi. FTIR and Moisture Absorption of Yam Bean Starch Biocomposites with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Bagasse Fibers as Reinforcement. Jurnal ILMU DASAR. 2018; 19 (2):93-98.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melbi Mahardika; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Mochamad Asrofi. 2018. "FTIR and Moisture Absorption of Yam Bean Starch Biocomposites with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Bagasse Fibers as Reinforcement." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 19, no. 2: 93-98.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2018 in International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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ACS Style

F Failisnur; S. Sofyan; Anwar Kasim; Anggraini Tuty. Study of Cotton Fabric Dyeing Process With Some Mordant Methods By Using Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Extract. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 2018, 8, 1098 -1104.

AMA Style

F Failisnur, S. Sofyan, Anwar Kasim, Anggraini Tuty. Study of Cotton Fabric Dyeing Process With Some Mordant Methods By Using Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Extract. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology. 2018; 8 (4):1098-1104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F Failisnur; S. Sofyan; Anwar Kasim; Anggraini Tuty. 2018. "Study of Cotton Fabric Dyeing Process With Some Mordant Methods By Using Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Extract." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 8, no. 4: 1098-1104.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2018 in International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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The development of biomass has been assumed as an important issue in the past several decades and would remain to be attractive in the future due to its clean, renewable, and carbon–neutral properties. Biomass is one of the most important renewable energy resources in the world. In recent decades, the utilization of biomass has dramatically increased. There were many reasons. First, biomass is a renewable resource, because of the availability of biomass is unlimited, and its regenerative process runs well. Second, the extraction of biomass energy can be carried out more flexible. The biomass can be burned directly without high technology. Biomass bio-briquettes are often used as an energy source for cooking purpose and in some industries. The bio-briquettes are produced by densification of waste biomass using various processes. In this, the study manual densification of bio-briquettes was tested by three different binding agents; cassava flour, sago flour, and starch flour. The objective of this study was to compare different binding materials in the production of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) bio-briquettes between binders. The binder is used as a mixture on the EFB fiber. Three types of the binder are cassava flour, sago flour and starch flour are used as comparators to obtain high heating value. The percentage of binder in each sample is 2%. The ratio of the use of water as a diluent between the fiber and the adhesive is 1: 5. Samples of solid cylindrical shape diameter 4 cm and 5 cm high and density sample is 0.8 g/cm3. The pressure is used to generate samples specified in the mold volume. The volume of the cylinder is 62.8 cm3. The adhesive cassava with a percentage of 2% can provide power to the sample mechanically by a drop test at the height of 1.20 m. The result shows that the binder cassava has fuel calorific value average is 3661 cal/g, a binder of starch 3584 cal/g and sago 3537 cal/g. Results indicated that sample binder cassava flour has calorific fuel value higher than sago and starch flour.

ACS Style

Nofriady Handra; Anwar Kasim; - Gunawarman; - Santosa. Effect of Binders on EFB Bio-briquettes of Fuel Calorific Value. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 2018, 8, 1071 -1076.

AMA Style

Nofriady Handra, Anwar Kasim, - Gunawarman, - Santosa. Effect of Binders on EFB Bio-briquettes of Fuel Calorific Value. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology. 2018; 8 (4):1071-1076.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nofriady Handra; Anwar Kasim; - Gunawarman; - Santosa. 2018. "Effect of Binders on EFB Bio-briquettes of Fuel Calorific Value." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 8, no. 4: 1071-1076.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2018 in Fibers
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Thermoplastic starch (TPS) reinforced by 1 wt % nanofiber cellulose (NFC) reinforcing from water hyacinth was produced. Ultrasonic vibration time (UVT) was applied to bionanocomposites during gelation for 0, 15, 30 and 60 min. Morphology of the NFC was investigated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and tensile tests were performed to identify the fracture surface and determine the mechanical properties of the bionanocomposites, respectively. The Crystallinity index (CI) of untreated and treated bionanocomposites was measured using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The average diameter of NFC water hyacinth was 10–20 nm. The maximum tensile strength (TS) and modulus elasticity (ME) of the bionanocomposite was 11.4 MPa and 443 MPa respectively, after 60 min UVT. This result was supported by SEM which indicated good dispersion and compact structure.

ACS Style

Mochamad Asrofi; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Adjar Pratoto; Melbi Mahardika; Fadli Hafizulhaq. Mechanical Properties of a Water Hyacinth Nanofiber Cellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bionanocomposite: Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration during Processing. Fibers 2018, 6, 40 .

AMA Style

Mochamad Asrofi, Hairul Abral, Anwar Kasim, Adjar Pratoto, Melbi Mahardika, Fadli Hafizulhaq. Mechanical Properties of a Water Hyacinth Nanofiber Cellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bionanocomposite: Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration during Processing. Fibers. 2018; 6 (2):40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mochamad Asrofi; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Adjar Pratoto; Melbi Mahardika; Fadli Hafizulhaq. 2018. "Mechanical Properties of a Water Hyacinth Nanofiber Cellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bionanocomposite: Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration during Processing." Fibers 6, no. 2: 40.

Short communications
Published: 07 May 2018 in Journal of Natural Fibers
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Composites were fabricated from Ramie cellulose microfibrils (RCMF) with cassava starch as matrix and glycerol as a plasticizer. Different composites were fabricated with microfibrils loadings of 0, 2, 4, 8, and 10 wt%. The Particle Size Analyzer results show the average size of RCMF as 1.573 μm. The addition of RCMF considerably influenced the physical, crystalline, thermal, and tensile properties of composites. The addition of RCMF enhanced the crystallinity index (CI) from 32% to 36.67%. Thermogravimetric analysis and tensile test results showed improvement in thermal stability and tensile strength of composite up to 6 wt% microfibrils addition.

ACS Style

Edi Syafri; Anwar Kasim; Alfi Asben; P. Senthamaraikannan; M.R. Sanjay. Studies on Ramie cellulose microfibrils reinforced cassava starch composite: influence of microfibrils loading. Journal of Natural Fibers 2018, 17, 122 -131.

AMA Style

Edi Syafri, Anwar Kasim, Alfi Asben, P. Senthamaraikannan, M.R. Sanjay. Studies on Ramie cellulose microfibrils reinforced cassava starch composite: influence of microfibrils loading. Journal of Natural Fibers. 2018; 17 (1):122-131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edi Syafri; Anwar Kasim; Alfi Asben; P. Senthamaraikannan; M.R. Sanjay. 2018. "Studies on Ramie cellulose microfibrils reinforced cassava starch composite: influence of microfibrils loading." Journal of Natural Fibers 17, no. 1: 122-131.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2018 in Fibers
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In this study, the isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from pineapple leaf fibers (PLF) were carried out. Chemical pretreatment included pulping, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis to remove lignin, hemicellulose, and extractive substances were conducted. This was followed by high-shear homogenization and ultrasonication to produce nanocellulose. Morphological changes to the PLF due to treatment were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This showed that the PLF had a diameter of 1–10 µm after high-shear homogenizing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the nanofibers after ultrasonication for 60 min showed 40–70 nm diameters. Particle size analysis (PSA) indicates that the fibers had an average diameter of 68 nm. Crystallinity index was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and had the highest value after acid hydrolysis at 83% but after 60 min ultrasonication, this decreased to 62%. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed there was no chemical structure change after acid hydrolysis. The most significant finding from thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is that the higher degradation temperature of nanofibers indicates superior thermal stability over untreated fiber. These results indicate that PLF waste could become a viable source of commercially valuable nanocellulose.

ACS Style

Melbi Mahardika; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Mochamad Asrofi. Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication. Fibers 2018, 6, 28 .

AMA Style

Melbi Mahardika, Hairul Abral, Anwar Kasim, Syukri Arief, Mochamad Asrofi. Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication. Fibers. 2018; 6 (2):28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melbi Mahardika; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Mochamad Asrofi. 2018. "Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication." Fibers 6, no. 2: 28.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2018 in Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya
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Abstrak Biokomposit dari pati tapioka dan serat akar buah naga telah berhasil dibuat. Sebanyak 0, 2, 4, dan 6% serat (dari berat kering pati) digunakan sebagai penguat biokomposit. Fabrikasi biokomposit menggunakan metode solution casting. Pengujian serapan uap air digunakan untuk mengetahui persentase penyerapan uap air. Gugus fungsi dari biokomposit ditentukan dengan karakterisasi FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red). Persentase penyerapan uap air menunjukkan bahwa, film pati tapioka mempunyai serapan uap 21,7%. Hasil ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan film tapioka ditambah serat. Fenomena ini didukung dengan analisis FTIR pada gugus serapan air sekitar wavenumber 1647 cm-1. Pada daerah tersebut terlihat bahwa, film pati tapioka memiliki absorban yang tinggi dibandingkan film pati tapioka ditambah serat. Kata-kata kunci: biokomposit, pati tapioka, serat akar buah naga, FTIR, serapan uap air. Abstract Tapioca starch biocomposites reinforced dragon fruit root fiber was successfully produced. As much 0, 2, 4 and 6% fiber fractions (from dry starch weight basis) were used as reinforcement in biocomposites. The fabrication of biocomposites was solution casting method. Moisture absorption testing was used to know the percentage of moisture absorption. The functional group of biocomposites was determined by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) characterization. The moisture absorption percentage of tapioca starch film was 21,7%. This result was higher than fiber-reinforced biocomposites film. This phenomenon was supported by FTIR analysis on functional group (water absorption band) at wavenumber 1647 cm-1. In this wavenumber, tapioca starch film has higher absorbance than fiber-reinforced biocomposites film. Keywords: biocomposites, tapioca starch, dragon fruit root fiber, FTIR and moisture absorption.

ACS Style

Mochamad Asrofi; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Adjar Pratoto; Melbi Mahardika. KARAKTERISTIK SERAPAN UAP AIR DAN FTIR DARI BIOKOMPOSIT PATI TAPIOKA DIPERKUAT SERAT AKAR BUAH NAGA (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS). Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 2018, 3, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Mochamad Asrofi, Hairul Abral, Anwar Kasim, Adjar Pratoto, Melbi Mahardika. KARAKTERISTIK SERAPAN UAP AIR DAN FTIR DARI BIOKOMPOSIT PATI TAPIOKA DIPERKUAT SERAT AKAR BUAH NAGA (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS). Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya. 2018; 3 (1):1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mochamad Asrofi; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Adjar Pratoto; Melbi Mahardika. 2018. "KARAKTERISTIK SERAPAN UAP AIR DAN FTIR DARI BIOKOMPOSIT PATI TAPIOKA DIPERKUAT SERAT AKAR BUAH NAGA (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS)." Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 3, no. 1: 1-6.

Original articles
Published: 29 March 2018 in Journal of Natural Fibers
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The novelty of this work lies in isolating cellulose nanofibers from ramie (Boehmerianivea (L.) Gaud) using chemical-ultrasonication treatment. The cellulose nanofibers were successfully isolated from ramie with a diameter and length of 9.9–89.1 nm and 1 μm, respectively. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Indeed, there is a decrease in the hemicellulose and lignin content while the cellulose content increases due to the pulping and bleaching processes. The chemical-ultrasonication treatment results in a high yield of cellulose nanofibers (89.35%).

ACS Style

Edi Syafri; Anwar Kasim; Hairul Abral; Alfi Asben. Cellulose nanofibers isolation and characterization from ramie using a chemical-ultrasonic treatment. Journal of Natural Fibers 2018, 16, 1145 -1155.

AMA Style

Edi Syafri, Anwar Kasim, Hairul Abral, Alfi Asben. Cellulose nanofibers isolation and characterization from ramie using a chemical-ultrasonic treatment. Journal of Natural Fibers. 2018; 16 (8):1145-1155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edi Syafri; Anwar Kasim; Hairul Abral; Alfi Asben. 2018. "Cellulose nanofibers isolation and characterization from ramie using a chemical-ultrasonic treatment." Journal of Natural Fibers 16, no. 8: 1145-1155.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2017 in International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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ACS Style

Edi Syafri; Anwar Kasim; Hairul Abral; Alfi Asben. Effect of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate on Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cassava Starch Bioplastic Composites. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 2017, 7, 1950 .

AMA Style

Edi Syafri, Anwar Kasim, Hairul Abral, Alfi Asben. Effect of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate on Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cassava Starch Bioplastic Composites. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology. 2017; 7 (5):1950.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edi Syafri; Anwar Kasim; Hairul Abral; Alfi Asben. 2017. "Effect of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate on Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cassava Starch Bioplastic Composites." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 7, no. 5: 1950.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2015 in Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
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This study aimed to investigate the quality of gambier taken from gambier production center in West Sumatra, the characteristic of tanned leather which was tanned by gambier, and the relationship between gambier quality and tanned leather product. This study was conducted by firstly taking the samples from ten location randomly, secondly analizing some of its characteristics, and later applicating them in leather tanning. The relationship between some gambier parameters with tanned leather was determined by linear regression. The result was finding that the quality was varied among different gambier production centers, comprise of water content, tannin level, cathecin level, ash level and water-insoluble substances. Sixty percent of producton centers had given gambier which was capable to produce leather met the quality requirements. The result also found there were a strong relationship between gambier characteristics and quality of tanned leather, e.g. gambier tannin level and bonded-tannin in tanned leather (r=0.980), gambier catechins level and bonded-tannin in tanned leather (r=0.967) and gambier ash content and bonded-tannin in tanned leather (r=0.852). Highest tannin level would produce good tanned leather.Keywords: gambier, tanning, tanned leather, the correlation.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas gambir yang diambil dari sentra produksi gambir Sumatera Barat, mengetahui karakteristik kulit tersamak yang disamak menggunakan gambir tersebut dan mengetahui hubungan kualitas gambir dengan kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel dari sepuluh lokasi secara acak, dilanjutkan dengan analisis karakteristik gambir serta aplikasinya dalam penyamakan kulit. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara beberapa parameter gambir dengan parameter kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan digunakan regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik gambir dari sentra produksi di Sumatera Barat memiliki kualitas yang bervariasi pada kadar air, kadar tanin, katekin, kadar abu dan zat tak larut air. 60% lokasi sentra produksi memberikan gambir yang mampu menghasilkan kualitas kulit tersamak memenuhi standar mutu. Hubungan antara beberapa parameter gambir sebagai bahan penyamak dengan kualitas kulit tersamak menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat erat antara kadar tanin gambir dengan kadar tanin terikat pada kulit tersamak (r=0.980), kadar katekin pada gambir dengan kadar tanin terikat pada kulit tersamak (r=0.967), dan kadar abu pada gambir dengan kadar tanin terikat pada kulit tersamak (r=0.852). Tingginya kadar tanin gambir akan menghasilkan kulit tersamak yang baik.Kata kunci :gambir, penyamakan, kulit tersamak, korelasi

ACS Style

Anwar Kasim; Alfi Asben; Sri Mutiar. Kajian kualitas gambir dan hubungannya dengan karakteristik kulit tersamak. Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik 2015, 31, 55 .

AMA Style

Anwar Kasim, Alfi Asben, Sri Mutiar. Kajian kualitas gambir dan hubungannya dengan karakteristik kulit tersamak. Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik. 2015; 31 (1):55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anwar Kasim; Alfi Asben; Sri Mutiar. 2015. "Kajian kualitas gambir dan hubungannya dengan karakteristik kulit tersamak." Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik 31, no. 1: 55.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2013 in Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
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The purposes of this research were to evaluate characteristic of goat skin beforepreparation for tanning, to observe the effect of concentration of gambier tanning agent and pHof gambier solution during tanning process. This research began with characterizing of skinbefore the tanning process. Gambier concentrations and pH of solutions were varied.Characterization of the goat skin was done on the area of goat skin, chemical composition, andweight change at each steps of tanning preparations. Physical and chemical analysis andobservation of the leather were done according to SNI-06-0463-1989-A. Goat skin in thisresearch was categorized as first quality according to the wide dimension and high water content.The results showed that the characteristics of dried goat skins changed during preparation andtanning process. The optimum concentration of gambier was 9% if the solution had a pH of 4 andthe optimum concentration was 3% if the solution had a pH of 8.Keywords: goat skin, tanning, gambier, concentration, pHABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik kulit kambing padapersiapan penyamakan, melihat pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi bahan penyamak gambir danpH larutan penyamak gambir selama proses penyamakan. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulaidengan karakterisasi kulit sebelum proses penyamakan kemudian dilanjutkan penyamakanmenggunakan gambir. Konsentrasi gambir pada penyamakan ada 5 tingkat yaitu A1=3%,A2=6%, A3=9%, A4=12% dan A5=15% adapun pH larutan 2 tingkat yaitu pH 4 dan pH 8. Bahanbaku yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit kambing kering awet garam. Karakterisasidilakukan terhadap luas kulit kambing, komposisi kimia, dan perubahan berat kulit pada setiaplangkah persiapan penyamakan. Analisis kimia dan pengamatan sifat kulit dilakukan terhadapkulit tersamak dengan mengacu kepada SNI-06-0463-1989-A. Kulit kambing penelitian adalahtermasuk kualitas I berdasarkan dimensi luas dengan kadar air yang relatif tinggi. Adapenambahan dan penurunan berat kulit selama proses pembuatan pikel dan penyamakan kulit.Rendemen pengolahan adalah 32,91% sampai 43,53%. Konsentrasi optimum zat penyamakgambir adalah 9% jika larutannya mempunyai pH 4 dan konsentrasi optimum 3% jika larutannyamempunyai pH 8. Sifat kulit tersamak jika konsentrasi gambir 9% dan larutan mempunyai pH 4adalah kadar zat kulit mentah 50,14%, kadar tanin terikat 13,47%, derajat penyamakan 26,86%,kekuatan tarik 418,48 kg/cm2 dan kemuluran pada waktu putus 54,80%, sedangkan jikakonsentrasi gambir 3% dan larutan mempunyai pH 8 adalah kadar zat kulit mentah 50,91%, kadartanin terikat 13,17%, derajat penyamakan 27,51%, kekuatan tarik 427,94 kg/cm2 dan kemuluranpada waktu putus 45,87%.Kata kunci: kulit kambing, penyamakan, gambir, konsentrasi, pH

ACS Style

Anwar Kasim; Deni Novia; Sri Mutiar; Janwaris Pinem. Karakterisasi kulit kambing pada persiapan penyamakan dengan gambir dan sifat kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan. Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik 2013, 29, 1 .

AMA Style

Anwar Kasim, Deni Novia, Sri Mutiar, Janwaris Pinem. Karakterisasi kulit kambing pada persiapan penyamakan dengan gambir dan sifat kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan. Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik. 2013; 29 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anwar Kasim; Deni Novia; Sri Mutiar; Janwaris Pinem. 2013. "Karakterisasi kulit kambing pada persiapan penyamakan dengan gambir dan sifat kulit tersamak yang dihasilkan." Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik 29, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2012 in Jurnal Litbang Industri
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The research on “application ofgambieras atanning agentby using alum and gambier”had been done to findthe optimumconcentrationand produce leatherthat meetsindustry standards, moreoverto subtitute chrome as a tanningmaterialthathas a negative impacton the environment. 45 sheets goat leather were used in this research. The phase I of tanningused alumthat consisted of 5 concentration levels (3%, 5%, 7%, 9% and 11% w/v), then continued with phase II that used gambier as a tanning agentwhich consisted of 3 concentration level (3%, 6% and 9% w/v) with 3 replications. The results showedthat all leathersmet the SNI-06-0463-1989, standardfor the leather layer of tanning combination and SNI-0253-2009, standardfor the upper skin of goat legs to the chemical and physical properties. The optimum use of alum as a combination tanning agent in phase I was found to be 3% and followed by phaseIItanning agentusinggambierto be 3%. Analytical Results showed that the levels oftanned bound: 32.88%, tanning degree: 88.62%, tensile strength: 449.17kg/cm2and percentage extension:16% respectively.ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang “aplikasi gambir sebagai bahan penyamak kulit melalui penerapan penyamakan kombinasi dengan menggunakan tawas dan gambir” dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi yang optimal serta menghasilkan kulit samak yang memenuhi standar industri, dan untuk menghindari penggunaan bahan penyamak krom yang berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan kulit kambing. Pelaksanaan proses penyamakan kulit tahap I menggunakan tawas yang terdiri atas 5 taraf konsentrasi (3%, 5%, 7%, 9% dan 11%), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penyamakan nabati tahap II dengan menggunakan gambir 3 taraf konsentrasi (3%, 6%, dan 9%) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua hasil memenuhi standar SNI-06-0463-1989 tentang kulit lapis samak kombinasi dan SNI-0253-2009 tentang kulit bagian atas kaki kulit kambing terhadap sifat kimia dan fisik.Penggunaan zat penyamak kulit kombinasi yang optimum yaitu menggunakan penyamakan tahap I dengan tawas pada konsentrasi 3% dan dilanjutkan dengan penyamakan tahap II dengan menggunakan gambir pada konsentrasi 3%. Karakteristik kulit hasil pengamatan kulit tersamak adalah kadar tanin terikat: 32,88%, derajat penyamakan: 88,62%, kekuatan tarik: 449,17 kg/cm2 dan kemuluran: 16%.

ACS Style

Anwar Kasim; Hazli Nurdin; Sri Mutiar. Aplikasi Gambir Sebagai Bahan Penyamak Kulit Melalui Penerapan Penyamakan Kombinasi. Jurnal Litbang Industri 2012, 2, 55 .

AMA Style

Anwar Kasim, Hazli Nurdin, Sri Mutiar. Aplikasi Gambir Sebagai Bahan Penyamak Kulit Melalui Penerapan Penyamakan Kombinasi. Jurnal Litbang Industri. 2012; 2 (2):55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anwar Kasim; Hazli Nurdin; Sri Mutiar. 2012. "Aplikasi Gambir Sebagai Bahan Penyamak Kulit Melalui Penerapan Penyamakan Kombinasi." Jurnal Litbang Industri 2, no. 2: 55.