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This research is aimed at studying the stability and tribology properties of the polyol ester oil- (POE-) based biolubricant mixed with various filler loadings from microparticle of TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (NDCt) as an additive and sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) as a surfactant. Morphology, rheology, and tribology tests were conducted. The addition of NDCt and Span 60 to pure POE as a base fluid showed elevated viscosity, lower value of coefficient friction (COF), and a remarkable decrease in the wear rate (WR). The presence of 0.6 wt% NDCt and 1.8 wt% Span 60 in POE (N2S4) decreased the COF value by 79% in comparison to POE. At room temperature, this N2S4 biolubricant sample showed a higher thermal conductivity by 4% and lower WR value by 49% compared to POE. This study introduced the preparation of the ecofriendly biolubricant filled with NDCt improving the tribology properties remarkably.
Dieter Rahmadiawan; Hairul Abral; N. Nasruddin; Zahrul Fuadi. Stability, Viscosity, and Tribology Properties of Polyol Ester Oil-Based Biolubricant Filled with TEMPO-Oxidized Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber. International Journal of Polymer Science 2021, 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleDieter Rahmadiawan, Hairul Abral, N. Nasruddin, Zahrul Fuadi. Stability, Viscosity, and Tribology Properties of Polyol Ester Oil-Based Biolubricant Filled with TEMPO-Oxidized Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2021; 2021 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDieter Rahmadiawan; Hairul Abral; N. Nasruddin; Zahrul Fuadi. 2021. "Stability, Viscosity, and Tribology Properties of Polyol Ester Oil-Based Biolubricant Filled with TEMPO-Oxidized Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021, no. : 1-9.
As a contribution to the growing demand for environmentally friendly food packaging films, this work produced and characterized a biocomposite of disintegrated bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers and tapioca starch/chitosan-based films. Ultrasonication dispersed all fillers throughout the film homogeneously. The highest fraction of dried BC nanofibers (0.136 g) in the film resulted in the maximum tensile strength of 4.7 MPa. 0.136 g BC nanofiber addition to the tapioca starch/chitosan matrix increased the thermal resistance (the temperature of maximum decomposition rate from 307 to 317°C), moisture resistance (after 8 h) by 8.9%, and water vapor barrier (24 h) by 27%. All chitosan-based films displayed antibacterial activity. This characterization suggests that this environmentally friendly edible biocomposite film is a potential candidate for applications in food packaging.
Hairul Abral; Angga Bahri Pratama; Dian Handayani; Melbi Mahardika; Ibtisamatul Aminah; Neny Sandrawati; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin; S. M. Sapuan; R. A. Ilyas. Antimicrobial Edible Film Prepared from Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers/Starch/Chitosan for a Food Packaging Alternative. International Journal of Polymer Science 2021, 2021, 1 -11.
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Angga Bahri Pratama, Dian Handayani, Melbi Mahardika, Ibtisamatul Aminah, Neny Sandrawati, Eni Sugiarti, Ahmad Novi Muslimin, S. M. Sapuan, R. A. Ilyas. Antimicrobial Edible Film Prepared from Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers/Starch/Chitosan for a Food Packaging Alternative. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2021; 2021 ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Angga Bahri Pratama; Dian Handayani; Melbi Mahardika; Ibtisamatul Aminah; Neny Sandrawati; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin; S. M. Sapuan; R. A. Ilyas. 2021. "Antimicrobial Edible Film Prepared from Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers/Starch/Chitosan for a Food Packaging Alternative." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021, no. : 1-11.
Transparent film with high thermal resistance and antimicrobial properties has many applications in the food packaging industry particularly packaging for reheatable food. This work investigates the effects of heat treatment on the thermal resistance, stability of transparency and antimicrobial activity of transparent cellulose film. The film from ginger nanocellulose fibers was prepared with chemicals and ultrasonication. The dried film was heated at 150 °C for 30, 60, 90, or 120 min. The unheated and sonicated film had the lowest crystallinity index and the lowest thermal properties. After heating, the film became brownish-yellow resulting from thermal oxidation. The reheated film had higher thermal resistance than unheated film. Heating led to further relaxation of cellulose network evidenced by shifting of the XRD peak positions toward lower values. The antimicrobial activity decreased due to heating. Average opacity value increases after short heating durations. It was relatively stable for further heating.
Hairul Abral; Jeri Ariksa; Melbi Mahardika; Dian Handayani; Ibtisamatul Aminah; Neny Sandrawati; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin; Santi Dewi Rosanti. Effect of heat treatment on thermal resistance, transparency and antimicrobial activity of sonicated ginger cellulose film. Carbohydrate Polymers 2020, 240, 116287 .
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Jeri Ariksa, Melbi Mahardika, Dian Handayani, Ibtisamatul Aminah, Neny Sandrawati, Eni Sugiarti, Ahmad Novi Muslimin, Santi Dewi Rosanti. Effect of heat treatment on thermal resistance, transparency and antimicrobial activity of sonicated ginger cellulose film. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2020; 240 ():116287.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Jeri Ariksa; Melbi Mahardika; Dian Handayani; Ibtisamatul Aminah; Neny Sandrawati; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin; Santi Dewi Rosanti. 2020. "Effect of heat treatment on thermal resistance, transparency and antimicrobial activity of sonicated ginger cellulose film." Carbohydrate Polymers 240, no. : 116287.
Many works reported a PVA based film prepared using ultrasonication, however, information on the effect of this treatment on changes of PVA’s properties is still limited. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of ultrasonication duration on the properties of PVA film. The PVA gel was sonicated using a 360 W ultrasonic probe for 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 min. Ultrasonication duration for 7.5 min results in a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on an increase in tensile strength, but not on tensile modulus and strain at the break of the film. After this vibration duration, tensile strength increased by almost 29 %, strain at break decreased by 30 %, opacity decreased by 22 %, and water vapor permeability decreased by 11 %. On the other hand, moisture resistance decreased significantly (almost 12 %). The sonicated film underwent larger lattice strain and had higher crystal structure compared to non-sonicated film. This work informs that ultrasonication on PVA gel is a potential method to fulfil some properties of PVA film for food packaging material.
Hairul Abral; Arief Atmajaya; Melbi Mahardika; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Kadriadi; Dian Handayani; S.M. Sapuan; R.A. Ilyas. Effect of ultrasonication duration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel on characterizations of PVA film. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2020, 9, 2477 -2486.
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Arief Atmajaya, Melbi Mahardika, Fadli Hafizulhaq, Kadriadi, Dian Handayani, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas. Effect of ultrasonication duration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel on characterizations of PVA film. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020; 9 (2):2477-2486.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Arief Atmajaya; Melbi Mahardika; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Kadriadi; Dian Handayani; S.M. Sapuan; R.A. Ilyas. 2020. "Effect of ultrasonication duration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel on characterizations of PVA film." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 2: 2477-2486.
The brittleness of thermoset unsaturated polyester (UP) limits its usefulness in many applications. Use of appropriate additives may improve the toughness of this material. The aim of this present study is to characterize the mechanical and thermal properties of the toughened UP and to relate these properties to the fracture surface morphology of the UP before and after adding various loadings of thermoset vinyl ester (VE) with 10% methyl methacrylate (MMA). VE loadings chosen were 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%. UP mixed with 30%VE and 10%MMA displayed the best performance with a maximum impact strength of 314 kJ/m2, a 17.6% increase compared to that of neat UP. This sample also had the highest tensile strength of 64 MPa (an increase of 45.5%), higher elongation at the break of 13% (an increase of 27%), and higher thermal resistance. Addition of 30% VE and 10% MMA significantly improves a range of important properties of UP. This blend has a high potential to be used in UP resin applications where toughness is required.
Hairul Abral; Rahmat Fajrul; Melbi Mahardika; Dian Handayani; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin; Santi Dewi Rosanti. Improving impact, tensile and thermal properties of thermoset unsaturated polyester via mixing with thermoset vinyl ester and methyl methacrylate. Polymer Testing 2019, 81, 106193 .
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Rahmat Fajrul, Melbi Mahardika, Dian Handayani, Eni Sugiarti, Ahmad Novi Muslimin, Santi Dewi Rosanti. Improving impact, tensile and thermal properties of thermoset unsaturated polyester via mixing with thermoset vinyl ester and methyl methacrylate. Polymer Testing. 2019; 81 ():106193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Rahmat Fajrul; Melbi Mahardika; Dian Handayani; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin; Santi Dewi Rosanti. 2019. "Improving impact, tensile and thermal properties of thermoset unsaturated polyester via mixing with thermoset vinyl ester and methyl methacrylate." Polymer Testing 81, no. : 106193.
Good transparency, antimicrobial, physical, and tensile properties of the biodegradable film can be necessary for food packaging. The aim of this study is to characterize these properties of the PVA/GF bionanocomposite film. This nanofiber of 0.21, 0.31 and 0.41 g in suspensions, was mixed with PVA gel using ultrasonication. After addition of ginger nanofibers, the bionanocomposite film shows antibacterial activity but does not have fungi activity. Increasing the nanofiber into PVA increases significantly in tensile properties, water vapour impermeability, and moisture resistance. Tensile strength, the temperature at maximum film decomposition, and moisture resistance (after 8 h) of the 0.41 g ginger nanofiber reinforced film were 44.2 MPa (increased by 65.6%), 349.4 °C (increased by 7%), and 6.1% (decreased by 18.7%), respectively compared to pure PVA. With this nanofiber loading, the transparency of the bionanocomposite film decreased slightly. These results suggest this bionanocomposite film has potential in food packaging in industrial applications.
Hairul Abral; Jeri Ariksa; Melbi Mahardika; Dian Handayani; Ibtisamatul Aminah; Neny Sandrawati; S.M. Sapuan; R.A. Ilyas. Highly transparent and antimicrobial PVA based bionanocomposites reinforced by ginger nanofiber. Polymer Testing 2019, 81, 106186 .
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Jeri Ariksa, Melbi Mahardika, Dian Handayani, Ibtisamatul Aminah, Neny Sandrawati, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas. Highly transparent and antimicrobial PVA based bionanocomposites reinforced by ginger nanofiber. Polymer Testing. 2019; 81 ():106186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Jeri Ariksa; Melbi Mahardika; Dian Handayani; Ibtisamatul Aminah; Neny Sandrawati; S.M. Sapuan; R.A. Ilyas. 2019. "Highly transparent and antimicrobial PVA based bionanocomposites reinforced by ginger nanofiber." Polymer Testing 81, no. : 106186.
This paper reports on the effect of addition of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) from pineapple leaf on the properties of bengkoang starch bionanocomposite film prepared with ultrasonication. Starch, glycerol, and distilled water were mixed with 0.5, 0.1, 1.5 or 2 wt% of CNF. A gel made from this mixture was sonicated using an ultrasonic probe (600 W) for 5 min then cast in a petri dish. The addition of CNF resulted in a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) on the properties of the bionanocomposite. 2 wt% CNF loading led to a maximum tensile strength of 9.8 ± 0.8 MPa; 160% higher than film without fibers. The highest CNF loading resulted in the lowest moisture absorption and water vapor permeability, and highest thermal resistance of the bionanocomposite films tested. These improved characteristics were due to the ultrasonication dispersing the CNF homogeneously throughout the starch matrix and suggest that this CNF enhanced bionanocomposite could have commercial potential where there is a demand for products based on food-safe renewable raw materials.
Melbi Mahardika; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Mochamad Asrofi. Properties of cellulose nanofiber/bengkoang starch bionanocomposites: Effect of fiber loading. LWT - Food Science and Technology 2019, 116, 108554 .
AMA StyleMelbi Mahardika, Hairul Abral, Anwar Kasim, Syukri Arief, Fadli Hafizulhaq, Mochamad Asrofi. Properties of cellulose nanofiber/bengkoang starch bionanocomposites: Effect of fiber loading. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2019; 116 ():108554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelbi Mahardika; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Mochamad Asrofi. 2019. "Properties of cellulose nanofiber/bengkoang starch bionanocomposites: Effect of fiber loading." LWT - Food Science and Technology 116, no. : 108554.
As demand on the safety and quality of the product in food packaging is increased, nanocellulose based transparent paper with resistance against microbial activity becomes more important. In this study, transparent cellulose film was prepared from ginger nanofiber with chemicals and ultrasonication. After purification using acid hydrolysis, ginger fiber had high cellulose content (88%). Ultrasonication of the suspension of the chemically treated fibers for 1 h decreased their diameter to 54.3 nm. Drying of the nano-sized fiber suspension resulted in a transparent film with 5 μm thickness. This film transmitted 83.3% of the light at 650 nm and showed antimicrobial activity. It had high thermal stability with the maximum decomposition temperature peak at 353 °C. This was 17% higher than that of raw ginger fiber (302 °C). The transparent film had a crystallinity index of 48%, and lower moisture resistance than film from chemically treated cellulose fiber. This study promoted transparent nanocellulose film with good antimicrobial properties from abundant and available ginger fibers.
Hairul Abral; Jeri Ariksa; Melbi Mahardika; Dian Handayani; Ibtisamatul Aminah; Neny Sandrawati; Angga Bahri Pratama; Nural Fajri; S.M. Sapuan; R.A. Ilyas. Transparent and antimicrobial cellulose film from ginger nanofiber. Food Hydrocolloids 2019, 98, 105266 .
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Jeri Ariksa, Melbi Mahardika, Dian Handayani, Ibtisamatul Aminah, Neny Sandrawati, Angga Bahri Pratama, Nural Fajri, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas. Transparent and antimicrobial cellulose film from ginger nanofiber. Food Hydrocolloids. 2019; 98 ():105266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Jeri Ariksa; Melbi Mahardika; Dian Handayani; Ibtisamatul Aminah; Neny Sandrawati; Angga Bahri Pratama; Nural Fajri; S.M. Sapuan; R.A. Ilyas. 2019. "Transparent and antimicrobial cellulose film from ginger nanofiber." Food Hydrocolloids 98, no. : 105266.
With the increasing demand for simple, efficient, environmentally friendly preparation methods to produce cellulose nanofibers for reinforcing a biodegradable film is increased, the role of nanofibers from the pure cellulose produced by bacteria becomes more important. This work characterized bacterial cellulose nanofibers disintegrated using a high shear homogenizer. These nanofibers, in 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mL suspensions, were mixed with PVA gel using ultrasonication. The resulting dried bionanocomposite film was also characterized. Adding nanofiber significantly increases (p ≤ 0.05) on tensile strength, thermal resistance, water vapor impermeability, and moisture resistance of PVA film but not strain at break. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at the break of the 7.5 mL nanofiber reinforced film were 37.9 MPa (increased by 38%), 547.8 MPa (increased by 26%), and 10.7% (decreased from 17.2% for pure PVA), respectively compared to pure PVA. Transparency decreases slightly with increased nanofiber content. These properties indicate that this bionanocomposite film has potential in food packaging applications.
Hairul Abral; Kadriadi; Melbi Mahardika; Dian Handayani; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin. Characterization of disintegrated bacterial cellulose nanofibers/PVA bionanocomposites prepared via ultrasonication. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2019, 135, 591 -599.
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Kadriadi, Melbi Mahardika, Dian Handayani, Eni Sugiarti, Ahmad Novi Muslimin. Characterization of disintegrated bacterial cellulose nanofibers/PVA bionanocomposites prepared via ultrasonication. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2019; 135 ():591-599.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Kadriadi; Melbi Mahardika; Dian Handayani; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin. 2019. "Characterization of disintegrated bacterial cellulose nanofibers/PVA bionanocomposites prepared via ultrasonication." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 135, no. : 591-599.
Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre is considered as a waste product of the agricultural industry. This paper is investigating the isolation of nanofibrillated cellulose from sugar palm fibres produced by a chemo-mechanical approach, thus opening a new way to utilize waste products more efficiently. Chemical pre-treatments, namely delignification and mercerization processes, were initially involved to extract the sugar palm cellulose. Then, mechanical pre-treatment was performed by passing the sugar palm cellulose through a refiner to avoid clogging in the subsequent process of high pressurized homogenization. Nanofibrillated cellulose was then characterized by its chemical properties (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), physical morphological properties (i.e. scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis), and thermogravimetric analysis. The nanofibres were attained at 500 bar for 15 cycles with 92% yield. The results showed that the average diameter and length of the nanofibrillated cellulose were found to be 5.5 ± 1.0 nm and several micrometres, respectively. They also displayed higher crystallinity (81.2%) and thermal stability compared to raw fibres, which served its purpose as an effective reinforcing material for use as bio-nanocomposites. The nanocellulose developed promises to be a very versatile material by having a huge potential in many applications, encompassing bio-packaging to scaffolds for tissue regeneration.
R.A. Ilyas; Salit Mohd Sapuan; Rushdan Ibrahim; Hairul Abral; M.R. Ishak; E.S. Zainudin; Mochamad Asrofi; Mahmud Siti Nur Atikah; Muhammad Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah; Ali Mohd Radzi; Abdul Murat Noor Azammi; Mohd Adrinata Shaharuzaman; Norizan Mohd Nurazzi; Edi Syafri; Nasmi Herlina Sari; Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim; Ridhwan Jumaidin. Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) cellulosic fibre hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from macro to nano scale. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2019, 8, 2753 -2766.
AMA StyleR.A. Ilyas, Salit Mohd Sapuan, Rushdan Ibrahim, Hairul Abral, M.R. Ishak, E.S. Zainudin, Mochamad Asrofi, Mahmud Siti Nur Atikah, Muhammad Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah, Ali Mohd Radzi, Abdul Murat Noor Azammi, Mohd Adrinata Shaharuzaman, Norizan Mohd Nurazzi, Edi Syafri, Nasmi Herlina Sari, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, Ridhwan Jumaidin. Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) cellulosic fibre hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from macro to nano scale. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2019; 8 (3):2753-2766.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR.A. Ilyas; Salit Mohd Sapuan; Rushdan Ibrahim; Hairul Abral; M.R. Ishak; E.S. Zainudin; Mochamad Asrofi; Mahmud Siti Nur Atikah; Muhammad Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah; Ali Mohd Radzi; Abdul Murat Noor Azammi; Mohd Adrinata Shaharuzaman; Norizan Mohd Nurazzi; Edi Syafri; Nasmi Herlina Sari; Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim; Ridhwan Jumaidin. 2019. "Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) cellulosic fibre hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from macro to nano scale." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 8, no. 3: 2753-2766.
This paper described the tensile, thermal, and moisture absorption characteristic of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / bengkuang (Pachyrhizuserosus) starch blend films. The film was produced through the solution casting method. Tensile, thermogravimetric analysis and moisture test were studied to determine the tensile strength, thermal stability, and moisture absorption, respectively. The highest tensile strength (TS) was 15.86 ± 0.69 MPa for pure PVA film. This result was higher than bengkuang starch and its blends film. Tensile elongation (TE) decreased as increased bengkuang starch content in PVA. The thermal degradation of PVA film was higher 10°C than bengkuang starch films in range temperature 200-380°C. The addition of bengkuang starch in PVA also increased moisture absorption. The highest moisture absorption was in the bengkuang starch film. This blend film’s tensile, thermal, and moisture properties probably suggested it could be suitable for food packaging.
Mochamad Asrofi; Dedi Dwilaksana; Hairul Abral; Rahmat Fajrul. Tensile, Thermal and Moisture Absorption Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) / Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) Starch Blend Films. Material Science Research India 2019, 16, 70 -75.
AMA StyleMochamad Asrofi, Dedi Dwilaksana, Hairul Abral, Rahmat Fajrul. Tensile, Thermal and Moisture Absorption Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) / Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) Starch Blend Films. Material Science Research India. 2019; 16 (1):70-75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMochamad Asrofi; Dedi Dwilaksana; Hairul Abral; Rahmat Fajrul. 2019. "Tensile, Thermal and Moisture Absorption Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) / Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) Starch Blend Films." Material Science Research India 16, no. 1: 70-75.
Starch granules containing amylopectin-rich fractions like sago starch may remain insoluble and undamaged decreasing properties of the film. The aim of this study is to characterize native sago starch films prepared using ultrasonication. An ultrasonication probe was used during gelatinization for 2.5, 5, and 10 min respectively. Ultrasonication decreases the incomplete gelatinized granules resulting in a film with a more compact structure, and lower moisture vapor permeability than non-treated film. The longest duration resulted in a film with the highest transparency, and the highest thermal resistance. The duration for 5 min increased tensile strength of the film by 227%, and its moisture absorption decreased by 29.83% compared to non-sonicated film. After ultrasonication for 10 min, melting temperature increased by 7% in comparison to non-sonicated film. This work promotes a simple method to improve the tensile and physical properties of starch based film.
Hairul Abral; Azmi Basri; Faris Muhammad; Yuzalmi Fernando; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Melbi Mahardika; Eni Sugiarti; S.M. Sapuan; R.A. Ilyas; Ilfa Stephane. A simple method for improving the properties of the sago starch films prepared by using ultrasonication treatment. Food Hydrocolloids 2019, 93, 276 -283.
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Azmi Basri, Faris Muhammad, Yuzalmi Fernando, Fadli Hafizulhaq, Melbi Mahardika, Eni Sugiarti, S.M. Sapuan, R.A. Ilyas, Ilfa Stephane. A simple method for improving the properties of the sago starch films prepared by using ultrasonication treatment. Food Hydrocolloids. 2019; 93 ():276-283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Azmi Basri; Faris Muhammad; Yuzalmi Fernando; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Melbi Mahardika; Eni Sugiarti; S.M. Sapuan; R.A. Ilyas; Ilfa Stephane. 2019. "A simple method for improving the properties of the sago starch films prepared by using ultrasonication treatment." Food Hydrocolloids 93, no. : 276-283.
The objective of this work is to study the physical and tensile properties of jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) starch film prepared using three different methods. First, a film was prepared from starch granules after sifting using a sieve shaker. A second film was prepared from starch granules after ultrasonication. Another film was made by sonicating the starch gel. Ultrasonication was performed using an ultrasonic probe. These three different methods had a significant effect on the properties of the film (p≤0.05). The film from the starch granules after sifting using 63 μm mesh size and ultrasonication (labeled as S‐63U film) showed the optimum properties. Opacity for S‐63U film was almost half (48.6%) that of the equivalent non‐sonicated film. S‐63U film had the highest tensile strength (3.1 MPa), the lowest moisture absorption (18% after 8h in a humid chamber) and water vapor permeability. FESEM morphology of the fracture surface of the sonicated film displayed a more homogeneous structure compared to films without ultrasonication.
Hairul Abral; Riyan Soni Satria; Melbi Mahardika; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Jon Affi; Mochamad Asrofi; Dian Handayani; Salit M. Sapuan; Ilfa Stephane; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin. Comparative Study of the Physical and Tensile Properties of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus ) Starch Film Prepared Using Three Different Methods. Starch - Stärke 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Riyan Soni Satria, Melbi Mahardika, Fadli Hafizulhaq, Jon Affi, Mochamad Asrofi, Dian Handayani, Salit M. Sapuan, Ilfa Stephane, Eni Sugiarti, Ahmad Novi Muslimin. Comparative Study of the Physical and Tensile Properties of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus ) Starch Film Prepared Using Three Different Methods. Starch - Stärke. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Riyan Soni Satria; Melbi Mahardika; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Jon Affi; Mochamad Asrofi; Dian Handayani; Salit M. Sapuan; Ilfa Stephane; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Novi Muslimin. 2019. "Comparative Study of the Physical and Tensile Properties of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus ) Starch Film Prepared Using Three Different Methods." Starch - Stärke , no. : 1.
This paper reports the characterization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cassava starch biocomposites. The cassava starch gel with or without ultrasonic probe treatment was mixed with PVA gel then short bacterial cellulose fibers were added. The presence of the sonicated starch gel in the PVA resulted in low thermal and moisture resistance, and low transparency of the blend film. After adding the fibers thermal and moisture resistance of the sonicated biocomposite increased due to stronger hydrogen bonding between the fibers and the matrix. Tensile strength of sonicated biocomposite with 10 g fibers increased 215% compared to the sonicated blend. However, addition of the fibers to the non-sonicated blend did not significantly increase mechanical and thermal properties or moisture resistance of the biocomposite. Opacity of the non-sonicated biocomposite was lower than that of the sonicated one.
Hairul Abral; Angga Hartono; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Dian Handayani; Eni Sugiarti; Obert Pradipta. Characterization of PVA/cassava starch biocomposites fabricated with and without sonication using bacterial cellulose fiber loadings. Carbohydrate Polymers 2018, 206, 593 -601.
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Angga Hartono, Fadli Hafizulhaq, Dian Handayani, Eni Sugiarti, Obert Pradipta. Characterization of PVA/cassava starch biocomposites fabricated with and without sonication using bacterial cellulose fiber loadings. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2018; 206 ():593-601.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Angga Hartono; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Dian Handayani; Eni Sugiarti; Obert Pradipta. 2018. "Characterization of PVA/cassava starch biocomposites fabricated with and without sonication using bacterial cellulose fiber loadings." Carbohydrate Polymers 206, no. : 593-601.
Induction motors are the most electric motors widely used in the community, both in the industrial and in the household applications. The power and efficiency of the motors are determined by the type of ferromagnetic material used in the core of the motor. If a very good ferromagnetic material with high permeability is applied to the core of the induction motor, then both the energy conversion and the efficiency of the motor will increase. But, if the ferromagnetic material is not good with low permeability is used in the induction motor, of course, the conversion of energy generated by the motor will be low so that the motor efficiency becomes decreased. In other cases, when ferromagnetic materials with high permeability are used, these ferromagnetic materials will become more fragile than using ferromagnetic materials with lower permeability. Therefore, a good strategy is needed in designing the core material of the induction motor. This study was intended to provide an overview of the potential use of a composite material of Fe and ferromagnetic material that was made in the Graded Magnetostrictive Layers. This research was conducted using several studies of the results of research on the composite material of the magnet. The results of the study show that a composite material of Fe and ferromagnetic materials provided a great potential in applying to induction motors to increase power and efficiency of the motor.
Zuriman Anthony; Hairul Abral; Refdinal Nazir. A Discussion of Magnetoelectric Composite Design by Bonding the Ferromagnetic Material Graded Layers in Induction Motor. MATEC Web of Conferences 2018, 215, 01024 .
AMA StyleZuriman Anthony, Hairul Abral, Refdinal Nazir. A Discussion of Magnetoelectric Composite Design by Bonding the Ferromagnetic Material Graded Layers in Induction Motor. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 215 ():01024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZuriman Anthony; Hairul Abral; Refdinal Nazir. 2018. "A Discussion of Magnetoelectric Composite Design by Bonding the Ferromagnetic Material Graded Layers in Induction Motor." MATEC Web of Conferences 215, no. : 01024.
This paper characterizes starch based biocomposite reinforced with varied nanofiber fractions, i.e. 35.4, 70.8 and 106.2 μg per 10 g of starch. During preparation, the biocomposite in form of gel was sonicated using an ultrasonic probe at various powers, i.e. 0, 480, 600, 720 watt at 20 kHz for 5 min. The results show that ultrasonication results in a significant improvement in biocomposite properties for each of the nanofiber fractions. The tensile strength, moisture resistance of the 35.4 μg nanofibers biocomposite increase significantly 279, 11% respectively after 600 watt ultrasonication. Field emission scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surface of the film showed ultrasonication resulted in it becoming smoother and more compact. These results indicate that ultrasonication improves the performance of the film.
Hairul Abral; Arya Satya Anugrah; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Dian Handayani; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Nove Muslimin. Effect of nanofibers fraction on properties of the starch based biocomposite prepared in various ultrasonic powers. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2018, 116, 1214 -1221.
AMA StyleHairul Abral, Arya Satya Anugrah, Fadli Hafizulhaq, Dian Handayani, Eni Sugiarti, Ahmad Nove Muslimin. Effect of nanofibers fraction on properties of the starch based biocomposite prepared in various ultrasonic powers. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2018; 116 ():1214-1221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHairul Abral; Arya Satya Anugrah; Fadli Hafizulhaq; Dian Handayani; Eni Sugiarti; Ahmad Nove Muslimin. 2018. "Effect of nanofibers fraction on properties of the starch based biocomposite prepared in various ultrasonic powers." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 116, no. : 1214-1221.
Cellulose fiber was isolated from bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus) tuber peel. A suspension consisting of distilled water, starch, and glycerol was mixed with various cellulose loadings (0, 2, 6, and 10 g) then gelatinized using a hot plate with a magnetic stirrer. The biocomposite gel was sonicated using an ultrasonication probe (47.78 W/cm2 for 4 min). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs for the fracture surface of resulting biocomposite films displayed a rougher surface than starch film, indicating fiber dispersion in the matrix. The opacity and moisture resistance of biocomposite films increased with the addition of cellulose. The opacity was at a maximum value (243.05 AUnm) with 10 g fiber, which was 11.27% higher than the starch film without cellulose. Moisture absorption of this biocomposite was 16.79% lower than the starch film. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed this more hydrophobic nature with lower transmittance at –OH stretching in the composite than the starch film. The addition of cellulose fiber into the matrix also increased the crystallinity index.
Fadli Hafizulhaq; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Jon Affi. Moisture Absorption and Opacity of Starch-Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Fiber from Bengkoang. Fibers 2018, 6, 62 .
AMA StyleFadli Hafizulhaq, Hairul Abral, Anwar Kasim, Syukri Arief, Jon Affi. Moisture Absorption and Opacity of Starch-Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Fiber from Bengkoang. Fibers. 2018; 6 (3):62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFadli Hafizulhaq; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Jon Affi. 2018. "Moisture Absorption and Opacity of Starch-Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Fiber from Bengkoang." Fibers 6, no. 3: 62.
The successful isolation and characterization of water hyacinth fiber (Eichornia crassipes) (WHF) nanocellulose is presented in this study. The novelty was in exploring a wider range of properties of highly purified samples of WHF after each stage of production in more depth. The isolation was accomplished by pulping in a digester and sonication. Morphological changes before and after treatment were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lignin and hemicellulose content decreased during chemical treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer (PSA) were used to determine the morphology of WHF after sonication for 1 h. TEM shows that the diameter and length of nanocellulose WHF were 15.61 and 147.4 nm, respectively. The crystallinity index and crystalline domain area significantly increased after chemical treatment. The highest crystallinity index was 84.87 % after an acid hydrolysis process. The increase in crystallinity leads to good thermal stability. Moisture absorption tests of WHF were carried out before and after treatment. The lowest moisture absorption was in the cellulose fiber after sonication (nanocellulose).
Mochamad Asrofi; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Adjar Pratoto; Melbi Mahardika; Ji-Won Park; Hyun-Joong Kim. Isolation of Nanocellulose from Water Hyacinth Fiber (WHF) Produced via Digester-Sonication and Its Characterization. Fibers and Polymers 2018, 19, 1618 -1625.
AMA StyleMochamad Asrofi, Hairul Abral, Anwar Kasim, Adjar Pratoto, Melbi Mahardika, Ji-Won Park, Hyun-Joong Kim. Isolation of Nanocellulose from Water Hyacinth Fiber (WHF) Produced via Digester-Sonication and Its Characterization. Fibers and Polymers. 2018; 19 (8):1618-1625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMochamad Asrofi; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Adjar Pratoto; Melbi Mahardika; Ji-Won Park; Hyun-Joong Kim. 2018. "Isolation of Nanocellulose from Water Hyacinth Fiber (WHF) Produced via Digester-Sonication and Its Characterization." Fibers and Polymers 19, no. 8: 1618-1625.
This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of CNF obtained from ramie fibers reinforced with nano PCC tapioca starch hybrid composites. CNF-ramie was prepared by using chemical-ultrasonication process, while the nano-composites were made by utilizing a casting solution and glycerol as plasticizers. Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties are characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and the morphology of composite samples have been analyzed through SEM. The results show that the CS/4CNF/6PCC sample has the highest tensile strength and crystallinity index of 12.84 Mpa and 30.76% respectively. The addition of CNF-ramie and PCC in nanocomposites has increased moisture absorption, crystallinity, and thermal stability properties. The SEM micrographs indicate that the CNF-ramie is bound in a matrix and the PCC is weakly bound in the tapioca starch matrix mainly due to the calcium clumps in the matrix.
Edi Syafri; Anwar Kasim; Hairul Abral; Sudirman; Grace Tj Sulungbudi; M.R. Sanjay; Nasmi Herlina Sari. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) ramie reinforced cassava starch hybrid composites. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2018, 120, 578 -586.
AMA StyleEdi Syafri, Anwar Kasim, Hairul Abral, Sudirman, Grace Tj Sulungbudi, M.R. Sanjay, Nasmi Herlina Sari. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) ramie reinforced cassava starch hybrid composites. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2018; 120 ():578-586.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdi Syafri; Anwar Kasim; Hairul Abral; Sudirman; Grace Tj Sulungbudi; M.R. Sanjay; Nasmi Herlina Sari. 2018. "Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) ramie reinforced cassava starch hybrid composites." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 120, no. : 578-586.
Biocomposites from yam bean starch with yam bean bagasse (YBB) fibers as reinforcement has been successfully fabricated. The fabrication method was solution casting. YBB was variated for 1, 2, 3 and 4wt% (from dry weight starch basis). 2 mL glycerol was used as a plasticizer. The relative humidity (RH) condition in moisture testing was 99%. The result shows that the addition YBB able to decreased moisture absorption of starch film. The lowest moisture absorption was in biocomposites with 4wt% YBB. The moisture absorption test was supported byfourier transform infrared (FTIR) data.Keywords: Biocomposite, yam bean, yam bean bagasse, moisture, FTIR
Melbi Mahardika; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Mochamad Asrofi. FTIR and Moisture Absorption of Yam Bean Starch Biocomposites with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Bagasse Fibers as Reinforcement. Jurnal ILMU DASAR 2018, 19, 93 -98.
AMA StyleMelbi Mahardika, Hairul Abral, Anwar Kasim, Syukri Arief, Mochamad Asrofi. FTIR and Moisture Absorption of Yam Bean Starch Biocomposites with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Bagasse Fibers as Reinforcement. Jurnal ILMU DASAR. 2018; 19 (2):93-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelbi Mahardika; Hairul Abral; Anwar Kasim; Syukri Arief; Mochamad Asrofi. 2018. "FTIR and Moisture Absorption of Yam Bean Starch Biocomposites with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Bagasse Fibers as Reinforcement." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 19, no. 2: 93-98.