The innovation of electric motorcycle swap-battery (EMSB) technology encourages the formation of a new ecosystem at the early stage of the supply chain. The EMSB technology has allowed an open innovation system with collaboration between supply-chain players, universities, and the government for finding a thriving solution to enable the faster adoption and diffusion of EMSB in Indonesia. Standardization is seen as a way to accelerate the downstream EMSB technology innovation to leverage the economic benefits and to support the growth of a green economy in Indonesia. This study aimed to propose a model with which to measure the technology readiness of the EMSB’s stakeholders in implementing the swappable battery (SB) standard. We developed the technometric framework and Economic Benefits of Standards—ISO Methodology 2.0. We generated 13 criteria of technoware, humanware, inforware, and orgaware and 21 indicators of the standard’s impacts to be utilized as a measurement model. We interviewed 11 respondents consisting of the standard regulator, research and development center, manufacturer, testing labs, and product-certification bodies. The results show the technology contribution coefficient (TCC) and earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) value representing the SB standard’s feasibility. The proposed model can evaluate the weak points and propose strategies to leverage the SB standard’s technology readiness and economic benefits.

The aim of this paper is to develop an optimization model for quality improvement by considering quality investment in rework policies and supply chain profit sharing. To improve product’s quality, the decision of process target and its tolerance is important since it directly affects the defective rate, manufacturing cost, and loss to customer due to the deviation of product from its specification. In this research, two rework policies are considered. In the first policy, the rework is done by using the same manufacturing facility, while in the second policy a new process facility was added for rework. Quality improvement in the supply chain environment is also necessary. Hence, profit sharing system is added in the model to strengthen the commitment of the suppliers in improving component quality. In the system, the manufacturer shares the profits to the supplier if the supplier can meet or exceed the quality target specified by the manufacturer. A comparison is given to determine the best quality improvement policy between those two policies considering profit sharing system. From the results of the optimization, the managers can make economic investment decision economically to correct a defective product through cost optimization model and to choose the best option toward the goal of least unit production cost. By using this model, the decision-maker can evaluate any quality investment in order to achieve significant financial return.

This research aims to achieve early standardization for battery swapping in line with domestic capabilities and global standards, and to protect Indonesian battery swap stakeholders. By distributing questionnaires to 190 respondents, the Framework for Analysis, Comparison, and Testing of Standards (FACTS) approach was used to analyze stakeholder needs, compare global standards regarding battery swaps, and validate the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) framework. An open innovation approach was considered to integrate a FACTS approach with open participation, mutual understanding, and consensus to generate parameters. Therefore, characteristics of open participation, mutual understanding, and consensus were identified using FACTS to catalyze market needs as well as stakeholder needs. The relationship between SNI implementation variables, national uniqueness, and stakeholder needs was predicted using structural equation modeling (SEM). We found that the proposed constructs—i.e., electromagnetic compatibility, equipment construction requirements, marking and instruction, and protection against electric shock—positively affect SNI implementation. Meanwhile, the SNI implementation, national uniqueness, and stakeholder protection positively affect SNI acceptance. Therefore, SNI acceptance can be obtained by considering SNI implementation, national uniqueness, and stakeholder protection. The findings of this study can be used to develop an SNI battery swap test that is globally competitive, has national characteristics, and considers domestic capabilities when developing the SNI documentation.

. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sintering behavior and diametral tensile strength properties of hydroxyapatite-zirconia (HA-ZrO₂) composites. HA powder were synthesized from gypsum waste with diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DHP) solution via microwave-precipitation treatment. HA mixed with various amounts of ZrO₂ (0, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%) for six hours. HA-ZrO₂ powder were molded in a metal die and pressed at 100 MPa. The green bodies were sintered for 2 hours at temperature 1450°C. Characterization of HA and HA-ZrO₂ composites were conducted by XRD, XRF and SEM-EDX. The apparent porosity of HA-ZrO₂ composites were measured using the Archimedes method. Diametral tensile strength testing of HA-ZrO₂ composites were loaded at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. The results of the characterization of HA powder are the main (h k l) indices for HA are: (2 1 1), (2 0 2) and (0 0 2), Ca/P molar ratio is 1.71, level of purity is 88.68 %. The main (h k l) indices for HA-ZrO₂ composites are: (2 2 0), (0 2 10) and (2 0 20). Porosity of HA-ZrO₂ composites values in the range of 39.59-19.82%. Diametral tensile strength of HA-ZrO₂ composites increased from 4.96 to 7.77 MPa when amounts of ZrO₂ increased up to 40 wt%. This phenomenon is caused by porosity decrease and crack deflection.

In this study, we developed an optimization model for determining the optimal parameters for multi-pass CNC turning processes. The six elements of sustainable manufacturing were considered in this study to derive new insights into multi-pass turning modeling. This paper details the relationship between time and power and considers total noise in terms of the personal health element and cost of quality in terms of the manufacturing cost element. The objective functions for our model include the total energy, surface roughness, total noise, total cost, and total carbon emission. The decision variables for our model include the cutting depth, feed rate, cutting speed, and number of roughing passes. The proposed model was solved using the Gamultiobj algorithm (MATLAB). This algorithm was used to identify a set of non-dominated points on the Pareto front. Additionally, a single optimal solution is identified using the TOPSIS method. There are twelve combinations of multi-objective optimization processes carried out. One of twelve combinations, for the five objective functions, the optimal values were determined as follows: total energy value of 495,965.751 joules, surface roughness of 0.285 μm, average noise of 78.788 dBA, total cost of $288.587, and carbon emission of 337,748.265 kgCO₂.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop an optimization model of CNC turning process. The objective function of the model is to minimize processing time and carbon emission. We implemented the results of optimization with real machining application using a certain workpiece.Design/methodology/approach: The model in this research used multi objective optimization involving two objective functions, namely processing time which includes cutting time and auxiliary time and carbon emissions resulted from the electricity energy consumptions, cutting tool, cutting fluid or coolant, raw materials production, and chip removal.Findings: The results of multi objective optimization indicate that the model can be used to minimize the processing time and carbon emissions with the optimal cutting speed and feed rate are 193.7 m/minute and 0.405 mm/rev. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the higher weights of processing time will decrease the cutting speed, while the higher carbon emissions weight will result in faster cutting speed. The weight has no effects on feed rate.Originality/value: This paper gives a real machining application to show the applicability of the optimization model