Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that ensures the security and transparency of data, guaranteeing that they cannot be altered. Its application in the peer review of scientific papers can contribute to improving the integrity, transparency, and efficiency of the process, mitigating issues of manipulation and fraud. This work analyzes the contributions of various research studies that address the use of blockchain technology in peer review. The study is a systematic literature review (SLR) in which the PRISMA methodology was applied. Fifty primary studies were identified through searches in databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, and ACM. The analyzed research reveals innovative approaches, such as decentralized solutions, smart contracts, and token economy, to address challenges like biases, transparency, and speed in the review process. It is concluded that the use of blockchain in peer review processes is still emerging and has not yet been widely adopted globally. However, studies addressing this topic focus on its potential to improve transparency and trust in the process, offer incentives and rewards to reviewers and authors, enhance the quality and fairness of evaluations, and strengthen the security and privacy of the data involved.

The 2023–2024 blackouts in Quito, Ecuador, led to severe air quality deterioration, primarily driven by diesel generator use and increased vehicular traffic. This study analyzed data from seven urban and peri-urban monitoring stations, applying meteorologically normalized data and machine learning models (Boosted Regression Trees and Random Forests) to isolate the direct impact of blackouts on pollutant concentrations. The results revealed that PM₁₀ increased by up to 45% and PM_2.5 by 30%, frequently exceeding regulatory limits, particularly in industrial and residential zones. SO₂ exhibited the most extreme rise, surging by 390%, with peak values reaching 500 µg/m³ in areas heavily reliant on high-sulfur diesel generators. The NO₂ concentrations exceeded 200 µg/m³ in high-traffic areas, while O₃ showed dual behavior, decreasing in urban cores due to titration effects but increasing by 15% in suburban valleys, driven by photochemical interactions. A comparison between 2023 and 2024 blackouts highlighted worsening pollution trends, with longer (8–12 h) outages in 2024 causing severe environmental impacts. The findings demonstrate that blackouts significantly worsen air quality, posing critical public health risks. This study underscores the urgent need for policy interventions to mitigate the environmental impact of energy disruptions. Key recommendations include stricter fuel quality standards, diesel generator emission controls, and an accelerated transition to renewable energy. These results provide scientific evidence for future environmental regulations, supporting sustainable air quality management strategies to minimize future energy crises’ health and ecological consequences.

Para la preservación digital a largo plazo, las entidades requieren de un análisis coherente de aspectos internos y externos que faciliten la constitución de un repositorio digital, con una estructura sólida y con altas características de madurez. La presente investigación tiene por objetivo diseñar un modelo de madurez para preservación digital a largo plazo, que incluya las características de madurez que debe poseer un repositorio digital para conservar los objetos digitales en su fase más alta, el estándar de auditoría ISO 16363 y los principios más importantes de la planificación estratégica. Este modelo fue validado por expertos mediante el método Delphi y un caso de estudio en el repositorio digital SEDICI. El modelo de madurez propuesto se centra en una valoración cuantitativa porcentual; se indica su proceso y la descripción de sus fases. Se integraron tres perspectivas de análisis y tres principios de planificación estratégica.

The surface transportation of heavy crude oil remains an operational challenge due to its high viscosity and rapid heat loss when exposed to ambient conditions, which significantly increases the energy required for pumping. Although previous studies have estimated thermal losses using average convective coefficients, they have not characterized the internal development of the thermal and velocity boundary layers, nor their direct influence on viscosity and flow regime. The objective of this study is to develop a predictive model based on computational fluid dynamics with temperature-dependent properties, enabling the analysis of the interaction between heat transfer phenomena and flow dynamics along a 50 m SCH-80 pipeline segment under real conditions of the Ecuadorian Oriente and to propose a mathematical tool capable of accurately predicting temperature loss over long pipeline sections. The results show a temperature decrease from 346.5 K to 342.5 K, accompanied by the formation of a thermal boundary layer that reaches 87% of the pipe radius and a reduction in the Reynolds number to approximately 5 due to the increase in viscosity. Furthermore, an effective external convective heat transfer coefficient of 5 W·m⁻²·K was determined, and the developed polynomial model achieved a coefficient of determination R² of 0.998, confirming its predictive capability for optimizing the transportation of heavy crude oils.

El libro "Modelo de Madurez para Preservación Digital" aborda la necesidad crítica de preservar la información digital en un contexto organizacional, destacando la relevancia de contar con sistemas y procesos confiables que garanticen la conservación de datos, a través de un enfoque exhaustivo y basado en la revisión de literatura y estándares internacionales, los autores desarrollan un modelo de madurez que integra los principios de la planificación estratégica, proporcionando una herramienta útil para asegurar la longevidad de los objetos digitales. La obra parte de una exploración histórica y conceptual sobre la importancia de la preservación de la información, tanto desde una perspectiva organizacional como social. Reconoce que la información digital juega un papel vital en la competitividad de las organizaciones al ofrecer acceso a bases de datos históricas y científicas. No obstante, también se enfatizan los desafíos técnicos asociados con la preservación digital, como la pérdida de datos y la migración de información. El principal aporte de este libro es la propuesta de un modelo de madurez que guía a las organizaciones en el proceso de preservar datos a largo plazo. El modelo, validado por el método Delphi y aplicado en el caso del repositorio SEDICI, integra fases secuenciales y criterios estratégicos que permiten a las instituciones medir su progreso en la preservación digital. Además, se presentan herramientas prácticas que permiten el análisis continuo y la mejora de los procesos.