Cotton yarn was oxidized using the various concentrations and pH of potassium permanganate solutions, in order to investigate the influence of oxidation parameters on chemical, mechanical and sorption properties of cotton. The oxidation progress was monitored through weight loss, carbonyl and carboxyl group content, tensile strength, moisture sorption, crystallinity change, surface charge and morphology of modified samples. The carboxyl groups were introduced into the oxidized cotton up to 0.3 mmol·g⁻¹, while the weight loss was up to 5%. The oxidized samples, compared with untreated cotton, exhibited lower tensile strength, higher moisture sorption and surface roughness. Surface charge was evaluated through measurement of zeta potential at different pH of electrolyte, and the correlation was established between carboxyl group content and zeta values measured at neutral pH, which proved that zeta potential can be a valuable tool for characterizing changes in the structure of oxidized cellulose textile materials.

Titanium implants are widely used in biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, implant-associated bacterial infections and suboptimal osseointegration remain significant challenges. Recent studies have demonstrated that the interplay between micro- and nanostructures can enhance both biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. This study explores the synergistic effects of hierarchical and dual surface topography on Ti surfaces with micro- and nanostructures to demonstrate their ability to promote cellular biocompatibility and osteoinduction while simultaneously inhibiting bacterial colonization. The combination of selective laser melting (SLM) to create micro-structured surfaces and hydrothermal processes is used to generate distinctive nanopillar structures. By integrating nanoscale features that mimic the extracellular matrix with microscale topographies that influence cellular responses, we achieve a balance between enhanced osseointegration and antimicrobial performance. The physicochemical properties of these dual-scale topographies are characterized through cellular assays using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), demonstrating sustained support for long-term cell viability (above 78% in MTT and NR assays (p < 0.05), low levels of LDH release, and high levels of cellular migration) and osteoinduction (statistically significant (p < 0.0001) ALP activity increase and higher levels of calcified matrix deposition, upregulation of ALP and OCN genes compared with smooth surface topographies). Their antibacterial properties against S. aureus and E. coli showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Our findings highlight the potential of multi-scale surface modifications as a promising strategy for next-generation titanium implants, paving the way for improved clinical outcomes in orthopedic and dental applications.

Dependence of growth rates of {100} sodium chlorate crystal faces on solution supersaturation in the range of 0.44–1.32% was analyzed. It has been shown that the growth rate dispersion does not have a consequence only in the growth parameter differences predicted by specific crystal growth theory but that individual crystal faces may grow with different mechanisms under the same experimental conditions. The majority of the observed {100} sodium chlorate crystal faces grew in accordance with the power law R ∼ σⁿ, whereas approximately one-third of them grew in accordance with BCF or Chernov’s theories. Possible reasons for this as well as for the coexistence of crystal faces, which grew with different mechanisms under the same conditions, have been discussed.

The results of the study of the influence of a static magnetic field of 55 +/- 3 mT on the growth rates of diamagnetic sodium chlorate crystals in the direction ( 100> will be presented. Two groups of experiments were performed in the same solution supersaturation range of 0.89-1.78%, the first in zero field conditions, and the second in an applied magnetic field. The results show that crystals nucleated and grown in a static magnetic field have higher mean growth rates in the (100> direction than crystals in a zero field. Also, X-ray analyses suggest that crystals nucleated and grown in a magnetic field may have a higher lattice constant. Possible mechanisms and possible reasons for these phenomena are discussed.