This study presents the first findings regarding extraction, isolation, enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant activity. The oral mucosal wound‐healing process was investigated using propolis water extract (PWE) incubation with gingival fibroblast cells and concluded that propolis was effective on the oral mucosal wound‐healing pattern compared to untreated controls. Additionally, phenolic compounds (fraxetin, apigenin, galangin, pinobanksin, chrysin, etc.) were isolated from propolis, and their chemical structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant and anti‐Alzheimer potential activities of PWE and some isolated compounds were screened and revealing their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.45 ± 0.01 to 1.15 ± 0.03 mM, as well as remarkable free‐radical scavenging and metal reduction capacities. The results suggest that these compounds and PWE can be used as therapeutic agents due to their antioxidant properties and inhibitory potential on AChE. It can also be used for therapeutic purposes since its wound‐healing effect is promising.

Bu çalışmada, Hypericum. Perforatum.L (HPL) ve Equisetum arvense L. (EAL) den elde edilen HPL sulu ekstraktlarının (HPLAE), HPL metanol ekstraktlarının (HPLME), EAL sulu ekstraktlarının (EALAE) ve EAL metanol ekstraktlarının (EALME) antikolinesteraz ve antioksidan etkisi araştırıldı. Asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) üzerine HPLME fraksiyonu, inhibitör etkisi gösterirken, diğerleri herhangi bir inhibisyon etkisi göstermemiştir. HPL ve EAL'nin farklı fraksiyonunun antioksidan aktivitesi, Fe3+-Fe2+ indirgeme kapasitesi, ABTS∙+ radikal giderme kapasitesi, DPPH· serbest radikal giderme kapasitesi ve kuprak metodunu içeren farklı in vitro yöntemler kullanılarak belirlendi. Çalışmada bu bitki ekstreleri standart antioksidan olan Butil Hidroksi Toluen (BHT), Butillenmiş hidroksianisol (BHA) ve troloks ile karşılaştırıldı. Bu bitkilerden elde edilen fraksiyonlar, standartlara yakın %52 radikal giderme aktivitesine ve orta derecede metal azaltma aktivitesine sahiptir. Sonuç olarak, oksidatif stresin neden olduğu birçok hastalığı tedavi etmek için kullanılan bu şifalı bitkilerin farklı fraksiyonları çeşitli biyoaktivitelere sahiptir.

This study aimed to compare the efficiency of different green extraction methods for obtaining bioactive compounds from the roots of Rheum cordatum Losinsk and to evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The presence of some important phytochemicals in the extracts obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical ethanol extraction (Sbc-EtOH), and supercritical CO₂ (ScCO₂) extraction was determined by LC-MS/MS, and their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were examined against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The goal was to determine the optimal extraction conditions that maximize the yield of bioactive compounds while preserving their biological properties. Different pressures (100 bar and 400 bar) were tested in UAE extraction, different solvents and times were tested in Sbc-EtOH extraction, and different pressures were tested in ScCO₂ extraction. Most of the 53 important phenolic compounds have been extracted using the ScCO₂ extraction method, either exclusively or in the highest amounts. It has been observed that more and higher amounts of phenolic compounds were extracted at lower pressure. The highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by the ScCO₂ extracts. Additionally, the ScCO₂-100 extract obtained at 100 bar showed strong antimicrobial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 31.25 to 250 μg/mL. Gallic acid, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and catechin were found in extracts. Additionally, molecular docking studies against the 1QWZ, 2ANQ, 3H77, and 6QXS proteins revealed that epicatechin exhibited docking scores of −6.127, −9.479, −5.836, and −7.067 kcal/mol, respectively.

The Mentha pulegium, Lepidiıum draba and Centaurea solstitialis have traditionally been used in different cultures for the treatment of various diseases. We investigated the total phenolic content analysis, chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts such as acetone, methanol and n-hexane obtained from the aerial parts of Mentha pulegium, Lepidiıum draba and Centaurea. The amount of total phenolic substance was determined as gallic acid equivalent determine. Also, the LC-MS/MS technique was used to determine the phenolic profiles of each extract. Finally, antioxidant activities of three extracts were determined by DPPH and ABTS methods. The highest total phenolic content for acetone, n-hexane and methanol extracts was found as 99 507, 46 305, and 18 227 μg GAE mL-1 in Centaurea solstitialis plant, respectively. While the major component rosmarinic acid amount in the acetone extract of Mentha pulegium was 128 195 μg analyte g-1 extract, this amount was determined as 780 383 μg analyte g-1 extract in the methanolic extract. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in the acetone and methanolic extracts of Mentha pulegium as 77% and 79%, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activity was also found to be 98% and 94% for Mentha pulegium in acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts is related to the total amount of phenolic substances.

Being widely used since its discovery, tobacco contains many chemical substances including nitric oxide, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, phenols, quinone and semiquinone radicals, and causes the formation of oxygen-induced free radicals directly or indirectly. Therefore, it is important to know the oxidant/antioxidant properties, phenolic content of Nicotiana rustica Linn., and the effect studies on Paraoxonase (PON 1) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which are important metabolic enzymes. In the study, the effect of extracts (water and methanol) of Nicotiana rustica Linn on PON 1 and AChE enzyme activity was examined. Water extract of Nicotiana rustica Linn Maras Powder with walnut, (MPWW) and methanol extract Maras Powder with Nicotiana rustica, (MPNR), Maras Powder with walnut, (MPWW) and Maras Powder with copper cauldron, (MPCC) had an inhibitory effect on AChE (IC50 values in the range of 0.104-0.203 mg ml-1). Also water extract MPCC and methanol extract MPNR, MPWW and MPCC showed an inhibition effect on PON 1 (IC50 values 0.013-0.225 mg ml -1). MPNR water extract showed the highest activity with 26% DPPH radical scavenging activity. MPCC water extract showed a 13% ABTS radical scavenging activity.