Estrategias para fomentar el aprendizaje activo en el aula de pedagogía Universitaria

Concrete remains one of the most widely utilized construction materials, valued particularly for its exceptional compressive strength. However, exposure to fire can compromise both its internal microstructure and external integrity. This research investigates the behavior of concrete manufactured with recycled concrete coarse aggregate (RCA) derived from construction waste, aiming to establish experimental evidence of fire’s impact on compressive strength. We employed the Optimal Density Method to design mix proportions targeting 24 MPa compressive strength. The experimental program comprised 45 cylindrical samples distributed across three replacement levels: 0%, 15%, and 30% natural aggregate substitution with RCA. Following 28 days of curing, samples underwent direct fire exposure in a melting furnace. Temperature progression was monitored using a pyrometer, ranging from ambient (0 °C) through 250 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, to 800 °C, with controlled exposure duration at each level. Three samples were tested at each temperature. After fire exposure, samples were cooled for 24 h at ambient temperature before compression testing. The densities of the fresh specimens were determined to be 2254.06 kg/m³ for HS-0AR%, 2210.09 kg/m³ for HS-15AR%, and 2180.85 kg/m³ for HS-30AR%, with a percentage density variation with respect to HS-0AR% of 1.95% and 3.25%, respectively. Finally, in relation to the compressive strength of concrete, a reduction of 4.34% was observed for 15% AGR and 5.72% for 30%, suggesting that the variations may be due to factors such as the water/cement ratio, the quality of the aggregate, and the curing conditions of concrete. In addition, several pathologies were observed, such as cracking, fissures, color changes, and spalling.

Este artículo examina el desarrollo de sistemas autónomos de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en Ecuador, identificando avances, desafíos y consideraciones éticas. A través de una revisión documental y encuestas a expertos en IA de tres universidades ecuatorianas, se proporciona una visión integral del estado actual de la IA autónoma en el país. Se destacan los avances en áreas como aprendizaje profundo, robótica y sensores, y se identifican desafíos clave relacionados con la infraestructura tecnológica, la disponibilidad de datos de calidad y la formación en IA. Se discuten las consideraciones éticas, incluyendo la seguridad, la transparencia y la protección de los derechos individuales. Los expertos enfatizan la necesidad de colaboración intersectorial y un enfoque ético para el desarrollo de la IA. El estudio concluye que, a pesar de los desafíos, existen oportunidades significativas para el desarrollo de la IA autónoma en Ecuador.

Research on the relationship between structural characteristics and vibration periods in concrete buildings is crucial to ensure the safety and efficiency of these structures, especially in earthquake-prone areas. This article aims to analyze and compare the impact of structural stiffness of different elements, such as beams, columns and shear walls, on vibration periods, through a systematic review of existing models and formulas in the literature, identifying their applications and limitations. The methodology used consists of a systematic review that integrates recent and relevant studies, providing a solid basis for analysis. The results indicate that an increase in the stiffness of structural elements can reduce vibration periods by 20–50%, implying a faster response to external forces. Even in low-rise buildings, the fundamental period can be reduced by 53% to 70%. These findings are significant for the design and construction of concrete buildings, as they suggest that incorporating rigid structural elements can improve seismic resistance and reduce the risk of damage. In addition, the research contributes to the field of structural dynamics by highlighting the need to integrate different methods of analysis and evaluation. It is recommended that engineers and architects adopt innovative approaches, such as the use of emerging technologies and monitoring methods, to improve damage detection and optimize structural design. Finally, it identifies areas where more research is required, suggesting that future studies should explore the interaction between structural characteristics and environmental conditions for a more complete understanding of the vibrational behavior of buildings.

The purpose of this research project is the codification of a specific software for the calculation of open channels of uniform flow considering the energy principles, which allows to obtain quickly and safely the normal and critical tie, geometric elements, flow rate, optimal hydraulic section of the sections proposed by Ven Te Chow, rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, circular, parabolic, rectangular with rounded corners and triangular with rounded bottom, in addition to the geometric elements for any equation of the parabola, the hydraulic headroom and weirs. To verify the veracity of the developed program "SN CANALES v2.0", the results obtained were checked with the existing HCANALES software and manually; obtaining a margin of error of less than 1.5%, thus verifying that the values obtained by the software are reliable.

Los métodos necesarios para diseñar una estructura de un edificio de varios pisos, incluyen dentro de sus parámetros el cálculo de los espectros sísmicos de respuesta, debido a que los efectos de estos sobre los edificios dependen de la variabilidad de la aceleración máxima en el suelo (PGA), la altura y demás variables dentro de la misma, para ello, se puede utilizar un método de cálculo aplicado por la normativa, o mediante métodos determinísticos que permiten calcular un espectro de respuesta a partir de un ensayo de penetración estándar (SPT) y estudios de mecánica de suelos; esto mismo se puede replicar en varios puntos alrededor de una zona establecida. Así, cuando el tipo y la altura de la estructura que se planea analizar, varia, se pueden considerar los resultados estructurales tanto con los métodos determinísticos como con el espectro calculado mediante la normativa, al compararlos, se logra identificar la viabilidad de aplicar uno u otro método en las estructuras idealizadas.