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Since the development of the service sector and renewable energy reduce fossil-based energy consumption which mitigates CO2 emissions and this nexus provides a better understanding of the environmental sustainability. Considering the substantially increasing contribution of service sector and tremendous potential for renewable energy in ASEAN5 countries, leaning forward from ASEAN’s energy and growth nexus, this study examines the impact of service sector contribution and renewable energy on the environmental quality of ASEAN5 using annual data from 1990 to 2018. The results of the fully modified ordinary least squared, dynamic ordinary least squared, and canonical co-integrating regressions depicted that the service sectors of Thailand, the Philippines, and Singapore augment CO2 emissions; however, the service sectors of Malaysia and Indonesia could reduce CO2 emissions. The increasing share of renewable energy can enhance environmental quality, but its magnitude varies in ASEAN5 economies; non-renewable energy, population, and economic development deteriorate the environment. Our results confirm the existence of environmental Kuznets curve in all the ASEAN5; the Gregory-Hansen test confirmed that results are robust. Finally, the Granger causality designated that economic development and non-renewable energy have a significant causal relationship with CO2 emission of ASEAN5 countries. These findings suggest that the ASEAN5 economies need to optimize their economic structure for promoting sustainable development in the long run. Graphical abstract
Fayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Abbas Ali Chandio; Lijuan Su; Munir Ahmad; Muhammad Irfan. Investigating the myth of smokeless industry: environmental sustainability in the ASEAN countries and the role of service sector and renewable energy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleFayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Umar Draz, Abbas Ali Chandio, Lijuan Su, Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Irfan. Investigating the myth of smokeless industry: environmental sustainability in the ASEAN countries and the role of service sector and renewable energy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Abbas Ali Chandio; Lijuan Su; Munir Ahmad; Muhammad Irfan. 2021. "Investigating the myth of smokeless industry: environmental sustainability in the ASEAN countries and the role of service sector and renewable energy." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-18.
Recent industrial surge in the Northwestern provinces of China resulted in substantial energy consumption and adverse effect on the environment. Despite being less established, the Northwestern region of China has strategic importance and the use of renewable energy can potentially promote sustainable development in this region. Considering this aspect, this study aims to investigate the impact of renewable energy on environmental pollution in five Northwestern provinces of China during 1995–2014. This study uses the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach with the structural break unit root and other specifications tests. The results indicate that renewable energy positive shock has an adverse impact on the CO2 emissions of the Northwestern provinces of China. The effect of renewable energy use varies in five provinces, i.e. it is more significant in Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang than in Ningxia and Shaanxi. However, reduction in renewable energy consumption leads to higher level of CO2 emissions and this effect is more significant for Ningxia and Shaanxi in the long run. Furthermore, the positive shockwaves in nonrenewable energy, GDP and transportation are associated with environmental pollution in these provinces both in short run and long run. Nevertheless, the impact of negative shockwaves in nonrenewable energy consumption on environmental pollution is more significant than economic development for all provinces. Our findings suggest that: cutting down fossil fuels use can substantially improve environmental quality in these provinces; depending on the provincial geographies and government strategies, the intensity of positive impact of renewable energy towards CO2 emissions reduction differs among five provinces. Likewise, renewable energy development has abundant potential to increase the economic and ecological sustainability in the Northwestern provinces of China in the long run.
Fayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Ilhan Ozturk; Lijuan Su; Abdul Rauf. Looking for asymmetries and nonlinearities: The nexus between renewable energy and environmental degradation in the Northwestern provinces of China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 266, 121714 .
AMA StyleFayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Umar Draz, Ilhan Ozturk, Lijuan Su, Abdul Rauf. Looking for asymmetries and nonlinearities: The nexus between renewable energy and environmental degradation in the Northwestern provinces of China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 266 ():121714.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Ilhan Ozturk; Lijuan Su; Abdul Rauf. 2020. "Looking for asymmetries and nonlinearities: The nexus between renewable energy and environmental degradation in the Northwestern provinces of China." Journal of Cleaner Production 266, no. : 121714.
The contribution of tourism to economic development is an open secret but it is a double-edged sword. The opportunity cost for this significant share is environmental degradation without required measures to protect the environment. Using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squared approach from 1995 to 2014, this study aims to explore the nexus between tourism and environmental pollution for three lower middle-income Southeast Asian economies: Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. This paper uses carbon emissions as a proxy for environmental pollution against tourist arrivals with a few control variables for analysis. The Zivot-Andrews unit root test is applied to deal with structural breaks in data and the Gregory-Hansen test for robustness. The results confirm a negative impact of tourism on the environment for Indonesia and the Philippines; however, tourism improves the environmental quality of Vietnam. This implies that the relationship varies for different countries in the same region, depending on the country-specific characteristics and corresponding policies to protect the environment. The impact of governmental policies also differs for high and lower middle-income countries as one size cannot fit all. This study provides a comprehensive milieu of the impact of tourism on the environment. The identified dominant factors can guide Southeast Asian and other developing countries’ governments at all levels in systematically formulating policies; by using these policies, carbon emissions from tourism can be reduced efficiently, resulting in sustainable development in the region.
Fayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Lijuan Su; Abdul Rauf. Taking the bad with the good: The nexus between tourism and environmental degradation in the lower middle-income Southeast Asian economies. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 233, 1240 -1249.
AMA StyleFayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Umar Draz, Lijuan Su, Abdul Rauf. Taking the bad with the good: The nexus between tourism and environmental degradation in the lower middle-income Southeast Asian economies. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 233 ():1240-1249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Lijuan Su; Abdul Rauf. 2019. "Taking the bad with the good: The nexus between tourism and environmental degradation in the lower middle-income Southeast Asian economies." Journal of Cleaner Production 233, no. : 1240-1249.
The aim of this paper is to reinvestigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on welfare or poverty reduction in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) economies. We used FDI net inflows per capita and the United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Index (HDI) as the principal variables ranging from 1990 to 2014. Our analyses confirm the positive and strongly significant relationship between FDI net inflows and poverty reduction in Asia. However, it indicates significant differences between South Asia and Southeast Asia. Generally, we find that FDI has a greater impact on welfare in SAARC countries than in ASEAN countries. Our results hold true for both HDI and real gross domestic product (GDP), and are shown to be robust using both panel and pool model specifications.
Fayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Lijuan Su; Ilhan Ozturk; Abdul Rauf; Shahid Ali. Impact of FDI Inflows on Poverty Reduction in the ASEAN and SAARC Economies. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2565 .
AMA StyleFayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Umar Draz, Lijuan Su, Ilhan Ozturk, Abdul Rauf, Shahid Ali. Impact of FDI Inflows on Poverty Reduction in the ASEAN and SAARC Economies. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2565.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Umar Draz; Lijuan Su; Ilhan Ozturk; Abdul Rauf; Shahid Ali. 2019. "Impact of FDI Inflows on Poverty Reduction in the ASEAN and SAARC Economies." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2565.
The rapid economic development of China and the industrial shift from its eastern to western provinces have resulted in significant negative impacts on the environment. Recently, tourism has emerged as an alternative for economic and environmental development, but it is a double-edged sword. Without the required measures to protect environment, the opportunity cost of tourism is environmental degradation. The western part of China holds a significant advantage for the development of travel and tourism (T&T), due to One Belt One Road (OBOR), unique ancient culture and spectacular variety of natural scenic spots. This region is among the less explored and less developed, but important, parts of China. Taking this point into consideration, this paper aims to examine the impact of tourism on the environmental pollution of five provinces located in the heart of OBOR over the period of 1991–2016. To explore this link, we used the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) approach and Gregory-Hansen test for robustness check. We applied the Zivot-Andrews unit root test to deal with structural breaks in data. Our results confirm a negative impact of tourism on environment for Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, and Shanxi. However, tourism improves the environmental quality of Xinjiang. The negative impact of energy consumption and GDP growth is significant than tourism. Our findings suggest that the relationship varies for different provinces in the same region depending on the specific provincial features and government policies. Furthermore, tourism development has great potential to improve the economic and environmental sustainability in these provinces.
Fayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Draz; Lijuan Su; Ilhan Ozturk; Abdul Rauf. Tourism and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from the One Belt One Road Provinces of Western China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3520 .
AMA StyleFayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Draz, Lijuan Su, Ilhan Ozturk, Abdul Rauf. Tourism and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from the One Belt One Road Provinces of Western China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFayyaz Ahmad; Muhammad Draz; Lijuan Su; Ilhan Ozturk; Abdul Rauf. 2018. "Tourism and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from the One Belt One Road Provinces of Western China." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3520.