Superhydrophobic magnetic nanomaterials (SHMNMs) are emerging as multifunctional platforms for efficient oil–water separation due to their combination of extreme water repellency, strong oil affinity, and external magnetic responsiveness. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in the design, synthesis, and environmental application of SHMNMs. The theoretical foundations of superhydrophobicity and the physicochemical behavior of magnetic nanoparticles are first outlined, followed by discussion of their synergistic integration. Key fabrication techniques—such as sol–gel synthesis, electrospinning, dip-coating, laser-assisted processing, and the use of biomass-derived precursors—are critically assessed in terms of their ability to tailor surface morphology, chemical functionality, and long-term durability. The review further explores the mechanisms of oil adsorption, magnetic separation, and material reusability under realistic environmental conditions. Special attention is paid to the scalability, mechanical resilience, and environmental compatibility of SHMNMs in the context of water treatment technologies. Current limitations, including reduced efficiency in harsh media, potential environmental risks, and challenges in material regeneration, are discussed. This work provides a structured overview that could support the rational development of next-generation superhydrophobic materials tailored for sustainable and high-performance separation of oil and organic pollutants from water.

Regional water systems face growing pressure from climate variability, water scarcity, and increasingly complex wastewater pollution. These challenges require governance models that integrate institutional coordination with effective technological solutions. This review is based on a structured analysis of peer-reviewed literature indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, covering publications from approximately 2014 to 2025. The findings show that clearly defined institutional roles, basin-level coordination, stable financing mechanisms, and active stakeholder participation significantly improve governance outcomes. Technological advances such as membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, nature-based treatment systems, and digital monitoring platforms enhance treatment efficiency, resilience, and opportunities for resource recovery. Regions differ widely in their ability to adopt these solutions, mainly due to variations in governance coherence, investment capacity, and climate-adaptation readiness. The review highlights the need for policy frameworks that align institutional reforms with technological modernization, including the adoption of basin-based planning, digital decision-support systems, and circular water-economy principles. These measures provide actionable guidance for policymakers and regional authorities seeking to strengthen long-term water security and wastewater management performance.

The escalating global water crisis necessitates the development of efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective remediation technologies. This review highlights bentonite–sawdust-derived carbon composites as a promising class of adsorbents for the removal of diverse water pollutants. The synthesis strategies, physicochemical properties, key interfacial adsorption mechanisms, and adsorption performance toward different pollutant categories are systematically discussed. These hybrid materials exhibit synergistically enhanced properties, including increased surface area, optimized porosity, abundant functional groups, tunable surface charge, and improved structural stability, often outperforming the individual components. Their effectiveness has been demonstrated for both heavy metals (e.g., Cd and Pb) and organic contaminants (e.g., dyes and pharmaceuticals), governed by a combination of ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, π–π interactions, and pore-filling mechanisms. Current challenges related to large-scale production, long-term stability, and regeneration are critically evaluated, and future research directions for the sustainable application of these composites in advanced water treatment systems are outlined.

The object of the research is the quality of cementing oil and gas wells with increasing the strength and deformation capacity of cement stone using basalt fibers. Cement slurry used in cementing oil and gas wells faces the problem of failure under the influence of hydraulic fracturing and perforation procedures. This failure leads to the formation of cracks and may require remedial cementing, which increases operating costs and complicates the process of oil and gas production. Moreover, this problem can lead to premature well water breakthrough and cause serious damage such as oil and gas shows and blowouts, which poses a threat to the environment and safety. To solve the problem of the destruction of cement stone under external influences, the study proposed the approach of reinforcing with basalt fiber. During the study, a cementing material based on Portland cement, reinforced with various concentrations of basalt fibers (0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1 % and 2 %), was developed and tested. Cement strength tests at 2, 7, and 14 days, along with deformation monitoring under load, were performed. The addition of basalt fibers to cement stone significantly improved its strength characteristics. The most successful results were achieved with the addition of 0.5 % basalt fibers, resulting in an 11 % increase in compressive and flexural strength. Basalt fibers complement the structure of cement stone, increasing its ability to deform. One of the key features of the obtained results is the possibility of improving the strength of the cement stone without losing its fluidity as a cement slurry. The results obtained are applicable in the development and production of cement materials based on basalt fibers. This will improve the quality of well cementing and reduce the risks of complications

Deposition of wax on the pipe walls is one of the complex flow assurance problems that causes a decrease and complete blockage of oil production rates by reducing the cross-sectional area of flow in the pipelines. In addition, surface facilities require higher energy consumption and failure of facilities due to wax plugging. Effective design of oil recovery processes requires an adequate prediction of the thermodynamic conditions in which wax can precipitate from crude oil, depending on the pressure, temperature, and composition of the oil. In this paper, the modified melting and pour point temperatures were presented based on the fluid description. Other fusion properties such as the enthalpy of fusion, the solid-state transition enthalpies, and the heat capacity of fusion have been calculated to modify the multi-solid model for predicting wax deposition. The proposed modified equations for melting and pour point temperatures were showing reliable agreement with experimental data based on SARA analysis and demonstrated more accurate results compare to literature data. In order to justify the proposed model, the comparative approach has been implemented between literature, experimental, and data obtained based on proposed solutions. The detailed description of the Republic of Kazakhstan’s (RoK) oil fields, components from C1 up to C36+ has been used during this research and the most crucial components which tend to form wax precipitation from C15H32 to C20H42 were plotted, which showed an increasing accuracy of 11 % for melting point temperature and 7 % for pour point temperature compared to literature data. As a result, the proposed modified solutions for fusion properties demonstrated good agreement with literature and obtained results of modifications can be used for further research on Multi solid model of wax precipitation