The ongoing pandemic that resulted from coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), had been spiraling out of control with no known antiviral drugs or vaccines. Due to the extremely serious nature of the disease, it has claimed many lives, with a mortality rate of 3.4% declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 3, 2020. The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the regulatory nature of the proteins involved in COVID-19 and to explore the possibility that microRNA (miRNA) could become a major component in the decoding of the virus. In the study, we were able to correlate the host protein gene BCL2L1 with miRNA miR-23b via network analysis. MiRNAs have previously been associated with the antiviral properties of various viral diseases, such as enterovirus 71 and hepatitis. They have been reported to act as antiviral regulators, since they are an integral component in the direct regulation of viral genes. MiRNAs are also capable of enabling the virus to avoid the host immune response by suppressing the IFN-α/β signaling pathway or increasing the production of IFN-α/β and as a result, inhibiting the viral infection. Here, we explain and shed light on the various correlations in the miRNA-gene-disease association that are seen in the host proteins of COVID-19.

The amide macrocyclic complexes of zinc (ZnMc1, ZnMc2, and ZnMc3) were synthesized through template condensation of oxalic acid with different diamines (p-phenylenediamine, ethylenediamine, and propylenediamine). These zinc complexes were characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, conductance measurements, and DFT analysis, then tested for in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activities against Bacillus subtilis and HCT-15 cell lines, respectively. The results suggest that the complexes have promising antimicrobial and anticancer properties. The molecular structures of these zinc (II) complexes were also optimized theoretically, and their electronic and thermodynamic properties were determined with density functional theory (DFT). Finally, molecular docking studies using AutoDock evaluated the biological relevance of the synthesized complexes, identifying the most effective binding modes between the complexes and the receptor protein's active site. Two protein receptors, 6COX and 7AHL, were used to dock the macrocyclic complexes. The binding energies provide insights into their pharmaceutical potential. SwissADME and pkCSM were used to predict pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity. The ADMET profile of these macrocyclic architectures revealed their oral bioavailability and drug-like properties. Zinc complexes are known for their medicinal applications. So, these complexes were synthesized and studied as promising drug candidates for the future, though further research is needed to develop potent inhibitors.

For several years, epidemiologists believed that age, genetic inheritance, living lifestyle, tobacco consumption and inflammation are the causes of several well-defined cancers; this limits the amount of incorporation of any new factors, other causative agents or bacterial infection that could contribute to cancer. Helicobacter pylori were identified as a causative agent of gastric cancers in landmark studies in the early 1990s, resulting in a seismic shift toward the link between pathogenic bacterial infection and human cancer. A rising number of researchers have found that systemic inflammation, such as the connections between H. pylori and stomach cancer, Streptococcus anginosus and esophageal cancer, is responsible for cancer morbidity and death. Another oral bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been linked to the onset and development of oral cancer. Streptococcus bovis is related to lung cancer. A bacterial infection affects the carcinogenesis process either directly or indirectly. Bacteria can cause cancer in three ways: by causing chronic inflammation, activating anti-apoptotic activity and generating carcinogenic chemicals. A series of genetic changes transfigure a normal cell into a tumor cell which incorporates numerous reasons for causing cancer. In cancer patients, bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Different people react differently to different malignancies, which can complicate the interaction between cancer and bacteria. Bacteria's importance in terms of diversity in their interactions with humans, as well as their components that influence carcinogenesis, has made them a significant element in defining the human state in health and illness. The discovery of bacterial involvement and influence in cancer formation may give a new path and therapeutic strategy to cancer prevention. In this chapter, we'll look at how bacterial DNA integration damages host DNA, alters gene expression profiles and leads to a wide range of cancers in humans. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->

The amide macrocyclic complexes of zinc [ZnMc1, ZnMc2, and ZnMc3 (1–3)] were synthesized through template condensation of oxalic acid with different diamines, p-phenylenediamine, ethylenediamine, and propylenediamine, respectively. These zinc complexes (1–3) were characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, ^IHNMR spectral studies, conductance measurements, and DFT analysis. Compounds 1–3 were also tested for in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activities against Bacillus subtilis and HCT-15 cell lines. The results suggest that these complexes have promising antimicrobial and anticancer properties. The molecular structures of these zinc (II) complexes (1–3) were also optimized theoretically, and their electronic and thermodynamic properties were determined with density functional theory (DFT). Finally, molecular docking studies using Auto Dock, evaluated the biological relevance of the synthesized complexes, identifying the most effective binding modes between the complexes and the receptor protein’s active site. Two protein receptors, 6COX and 7AHL, were used to dock the macrocyclic complexes. The binding energies provide insights into their pharmaceutical potential. SwissADME and pkCSM were used to predict pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity. The ADMET profile of these macrocyclic architectures (1–3) revealed their oral bio-availability and drug-like properties. Zinc complexes are well-known for their medicinal applications, so the present work was aimed to synthesize and study their promising behavior as drug candidates for the future. However, further research and optimization strategies are required to enhance their biological activity and develop them into potent inhibitors.