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Efrén Feliu
TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, edificio 700c/ Geldo, 48160, Derio, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 02 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) offer multiple solutions to urban challenges simultaneously, but realising funding for NBS remains a challenge. When the concept of NBS for societal challenges was first defined by the EC in 2017, financing was recognised as one of the major challenges to its mainstreaming. The complexity of NBS finance has its origin in the multiple benefits/stakeholders involved, which obscures the argument for both public and private sector investment. Since 2017, subsequent waves of EU research- and innovation-funded projects have substantially contributed to the knowledge base of funding and business models for NBS, particularly in the urban context. Collaborating and sharing knowledge through an EU Task Force, this first set of EU projects laid important knowledge foundations, reviewing existing literature, and compiling empirical evidence of different financing approaches and the business models that underpinned them. The second set of EU innovation actions advanced this knowledge base, developing and testing new implementation models, business model tools, and approaches. This paper presents the findings of these projects from a business model perspective to improve our understanding of the value propositions of NBS to support their mainstreaming.

ACS Style

Beatriz Mayor; Helen Toxopeus; Siobhan McQuaid; Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta; Suhana Reddy; Aitziber Egusquiza; Monica Altamirano; Tamara Trumbic; Andreas Tuerk; Gemma García; Efrén Feliu; Cosima Malandrino; Joanne Schante; Anne Jensen; Elena López Gunn. State of the Art and Latest Advances in Exploring Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7413 .

AMA Style

Beatriz Mayor, Helen Toxopeus, Siobhan McQuaid, Edoardo Croci, Benedetta Lucchitta, Suhana Reddy, Aitziber Egusquiza, Monica Altamirano, Tamara Trumbic, Andreas Tuerk, Gemma García, Efrén Feliu, Cosima Malandrino, Joanne Schante, Anne Jensen, Elena López Gunn. State of the Art and Latest Advances in Exploring Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7413.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatriz Mayor; Helen Toxopeus; Siobhan McQuaid; Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta; Suhana Reddy; Aitziber Egusquiza; Monica Altamirano; Tamara Trumbic; Andreas Tuerk; Gemma García; Efrén Feliu; Cosima Malandrino; Joanne Schante; Anne Jensen; Elena López Gunn. 2021. "State of the Art and Latest Advances in Exploring Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7413.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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In Europe, regions in the Mediterranean area share common characteristics in terms of high sensitivity to climate change impacts. Does this translate into specificities regarding climate action that could arise from these Mediterranean characteristics? This paper sheds light on regional and local climate mitigation actions of the Mediterranean Europe, focusing on the plans to reduce greenhouse gases emissions in a representative sample of 51 regions and 73 cities across 9 Mediterranean countries (Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain). The study investigates: (i) the availability of local and regional mitigation plans, (ii) their goals in term of greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets on the short and medium-long term, and (iii) the impact of transnational climate networks on such local and regional climate mitigation planning. Results of this study indicate an uneven and fragmented planning, that shows a Mediterranean West-East divide, and a link with population size. However, overall, both regional and city action seem insufficiently ambitious with regards to meeting the Paris Agreement, at least at city level. While national frameworks are currently weak in influencing regional and local actions, transnational networks seem to be engaging factors for commitment (at city level) and ambitiousness (at regional level). The uneven and fragmented progress revealed by this study, does not align with the characteristics shared by investigated regions and cities in terms of environmental, socio-political, climatic and economic conditions. The results support the call of a common green deal at the Mediterranean level to further address specific Mediterranean challenges and related needs. This will allow to capitalise on available resources, generate local-specific knowledge, build capacities, and support Mediterranean regions and cities in preparing the next generation of more ambitious mitigation plans.

ACS Style

Monica Salvia; Marta Olazabal; Paris A. Fokaides; Léa Tardieu; Sofia G. Simoes; Davide Geneletti; Sonia De Gregorio Hurtado; Vincent Viguié; Niki-Artemis Spyridaki; Filomena Pietrapertosa; Byron I. Ioannou; Marko Matosović; Alexandros Flamos; Mario V. Balzan; Efren Feliu; Klavdija Rižnar; Nataša Belšak Šel; Oliver Heidrich; Diana Reckien. Climate mitigation in the Mediterranean Europe: An assessment of regional and city-level plans. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 295, 113146 .

AMA Style

Monica Salvia, Marta Olazabal, Paris A. Fokaides, Léa Tardieu, Sofia G. Simoes, Davide Geneletti, Sonia De Gregorio Hurtado, Vincent Viguié, Niki-Artemis Spyridaki, Filomena Pietrapertosa, Byron I. Ioannou, Marko Matosović, Alexandros Flamos, Mario V. Balzan, Efren Feliu, Klavdija Rižnar, Nataša Belšak Šel, Oliver Heidrich, Diana Reckien. Climate mitigation in the Mediterranean Europe: An assessment of regional and city-level plans. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 295 ():113146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monica Salvia; Marta Olazabal; Paris A. Fokaides; Léa Tardieu; Sofia G. Simoes; Davide Geneletti; Sonia De Gregorio Hurtado; Vincent Viguié; Niki-Artemis Spyridaki; Filomena Pietrapertosa; Byron I. Ioannou; Marko Matosović; Alexandros Flamos; Mario V. Balzan; Efren Feliu; Klavdija Rižnar; Nataša Belšak Šel; Oliver Heidrich; Diana Reckien. 2021. "Climate mitigation in the Mediterranean Europe: An assessment of regional and city-level plans." Journal of Environmental Management 295, no. : 113146.

Conference paper
Published: 17 December 2018 in Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience
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Flooding is a well-known impact, which cause nowadays several problems ranging from economic loses to productivity reduction and deaths. Moreover, IPCC´s (2014) projections foresee coastal flooding as one of the main global impacts. Having this context, specific governance models are required to adapt and enhance resilience of the affected territory. In this regard, adaptation pathway emerges as an innovative and flexible approach which foster an iterative and adaptive governance and address the climate uncertainty challenge. This approach has been addressed in different case studies previously, which represent different contexts: heat, flood and water supply pathways in London; heat adaptation pathway in Antwerp; or flood adaptation pathways in Thames Estuary, Rhine-Meuse delta, Lake IJssel and New York. Looking to these studies it can be concluded that the adaptation pathway is a good approach to be applied at city or sector level and for analyzing different impacts. But, the same studies also detected the needs for further research: in the assumptions made for the acceptable threshold detection (which served for the adaptation objectives definition); or the estimation of the effectiveness and co-benefits as well as implementation conditions and timeline of the measures which enhance the resilience. The present work investigates the adaptation pathway potential within 3 main objectives: i) explore how the methodology can be simplified (balancing qualitative versus quantitative information); ii) explore the way of sequencing of the adaptation measures into the pathway (additional criteria like life-time, implementation time, costs, etc.); iii) explore the visualization on the pathway. To go through the identified objectives the pathway approach is applied in the city of Bilbao for the flood effect on transport system. As results a selection of the best alternative options for climate flooding risk management are presented and the lessons learned and challenges of this approach for further development are described.

ACS Style

Maddalen Mendizabal; Saioa Zorita; Nieves Peña; Efren Feliu. Applying the adaptation pathway approach to increase resilience to flooding: experiences and outlook from the city of Bilbao. Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Maddalen Mendizabal, Saioa Zorita, Nieves Peña, Efren Feliu. Applying the adaptation pathway approach to increase resilience to flooding: experiences and outlook from the city of Bilbao. Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maddalen Mendizabal; Saioa Zorita; Nieves Peña; Efren Feliu. 2018. "Applying the adaptation pathway approach to increase resilience to flooding: experiences and outlook from the city of Bilbao." Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2016 in Journal of Environmental Management
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International audienceGlobally, efforts are underway to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to climate change impacts at the local level. However, there is a poor understanding of the relationship between city strategies on climate change mitigation and adaptation and the relevant policies at national and European level. This paper describes a comparative study and evaluation of cross-national policy. It reports the findings of studying the climate change strategies or plans from 200 European cities from Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. The study highlights the shared responsibility of global, European, national, regional and city policies. An interpretation and illustration of the influences from international and national networks and policy makers in stimulating the development of local strategies and actions is proposed. It was found that there is no archetypical way of planning for climate change, and multiple interests and motivations are inevitable. Our research warrants the need for a multi-scale approach to climate policy in the future, mainly ensuring sufficient capacity and resource to enable local authorities to plan and respond to their specific climate change agenda for maximising the management potentials for translating environmental challenges into opportunities. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd

ACS Style

O. Heidrich; D. Reckien; M. Olazabal; A. Foley; M. Salvia; S. De Gregorio Hurtado; H. Orru; J. Flacke; D. Geneletti; F. Pietrapertosa; J.J.-P. Hamann; A. Tiwary; E. Feliu; Richard Dawson. National climate policies across Europe and their impacts on cities strategies. Journal of Environmental Management 2016, 168, 36 -45.

AMA Style

O. Heidrich, D. Reckien, M. Olazabal, A. Foley, M. Salvia, S. De Gregorio Hurtado, H. Orru, J. Flacke, D. Geneletti, F. Pietrapertosa, J.J.-P. Hamann, A. Tiwary, E. Feliu, Richard Dawson. National climate policies across Europe and their impacts on cities strategies. Journal of Environmental Management. 2016; 168 ():36-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

O. Heidrich; D. Reckien; M. Olazabal; A. Foley; M. Salvia; S. De Gregorio Hurtado; H. Orru; J. Flacke; D. Geneletti; F. Pietrapertosa; J.J.-P. Hamann; A. Tiwary; E. Feliu; Richard Dawson. 2016. "National climate policies across Europe and their impacts on cities strategies." Journal of Environmental Management 168, no. : 36-45.

Book chapter
Published: 18 April 2012 in The Economy of Green Cities
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The climate change guidelines for urban planning in the Basque Country have been developed by Ihobe on behalf of the (Basque Network for Local Sustainability 2011) (Udalsarea 21) and the Basque Government as a part of the regional public policies regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation. The guidelines are configured as recommendations to municipalities with a special focus on adaptation as Udalsarea 21 has issued previous guidelines for mitigation. Work has included a wide review of initiatives on urban planning for climate change in several countries and sessions with technical staff from different disciplines and levels of government, showing widespread awareness about the problem and a common demand for a clear legal framework at the regional level. The main findings are a strategy to “translate” climate issues to local planning normative elements, and the need in the Basque planning context to “think regionally to act locally”, overcoming the administrative boundaries to achieve successful adaptation outcomes in issues like flood control.

ACS Style

José María Ezquiaga Dominguez; Javier Barros Guerton; Efrén Feliu; Carlos Castillo; Agate Goyarrola Ugalde. Climate Change Guidelines for Urban Planning in the Basque Country. The Economy of Green Cities 2012, 261 -270.

AMA Style

José María Ezquiaga Dominguez, Javier Barros Guerton, Efrén Feliu, Carlos Castillo, Agate Goyarrola Ugalde. Climate Change Guidelines for Urban Planning in the Basque Country. The Economy of Green Cities. 2012; ():261-270.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José María Ezquiaga Dominguez; Javier Barros Guerton; Efrén Feliu; Carlos Castillo; Agate Goyarrola Ugalde. 2012. "Climate Change Guidelines for Urban Planning in the Basque Country." The Economy of Green Cities , no. : 261-270.

Book chapter
Published: 18 April 2012 in The Economy of Green Cities
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ACS Style

Marta Olazabal; Efrén Feliu; M. Karmele Herranz-Pascual; Beñat Abajo; Iratxe González-Aparicio; Andrés Simón-Moral; Andres M Alonso. Climate Change Adaptation Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. The Economy of Green Cities 2012, 335 -347.

AMA Style

Marta Olazabal, Efrén Feliu, M. Karmele Herranz-Pascual, Beñat Abajo, Iratxe González-Aparicio, Andrés Simón-Moral, Andres M Alonso. Climate Change Adaptation Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. The Economy of Green Cities. 2012; ():335-347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Olazabal; Efrén Feliu; M. Karmele Herranz-Pascual; Beñat Abajo; Iratxe González-Aparicio; Andrés Simón-Moral; Andres M Alonso. 2012. "Climate Change Adaptation Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain." The Economy of Green Cities , no. : 335-347.

Book chapter
Published: 21 April 2011 in Resilient Cities
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Major efforts in the struggle against climate change have been made in the Basque Country. These include instruments such as the Basque Climate Change Office, the Basque Plan to Combat Climate Change, and the many initiatives carried out under the framework of Udalsarea 21 – Basque Network of Municipalities for Sustainability (made up of 199 municipalities and representing 98.8% of the population of the Basque Country). Moreover, specific legislation on climate change is expected to come into force in 2011. In particular, the Basque Government is developing the Climate Change Law and the Sustainable Mobility Law. Additionally, in response to the annual call for eco-innovation projects, the Basque Government is engaged in two climate change adaptation initiatives within the framework of the Udalsarea 21. Both initiatives aim at generating and piloting methodological resources to help municipal authorities establish adaptation policies. The main elements are: (1) methodological directives to draw up local adaptation strategies, and (2) preparation of specific criteria of urban adaptation to climate change to be incorporated into urban planning.

ACS Style

Marta Olazabal; Efren Feliú; Borja Izaola; David Pon; Maria Pooley; Marimar Alonso-Martin; Carlos Castillo. Local Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation: Urban Planning Criteria for Municipalities of the Basque Country, Spain. Resilient Cities 2011, 253 -263.

AMA Style

Marta Olazabal, Efren Feliú, Borja Izaola, David Pon, Maria Pooley, Marimar Alonso-Martin, Carlos Castillo. Local Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation: Urban Planning Criteria for Municipalities of the Basque Country, Spain. Resilient Cities. 2011; ():253-263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Olazabal; Efren Feliú; Borja Izaola; David Pon; Maria Pooley; Marimar Alonso-Martin; Carlos Castillo. 2011. "Local Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation: Urban Planning Criteria for Municipalities of the Basque Country, Spain." Resilient Cities , no. : 253-263.

Proceedings article
Published: 29 August 2008 in The Sustainable City V
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ACS Style

Marta Olazabal; I. Garcia; G. Garcia; B. Abajo; K. Herranz; A. Alonso; E. Feliu; B. Izaola; I. Aspuru; O. Santa Coloma. Flows, drivers, services and functions and urban typologies: an integrated approach for the analysis of urban eco-systems. The Sustainable City V 2008, 117, 183 -192.

AMA Style

Marta Olazabal, I. Garcia, G. Garcia, B. Abajo, K. Herranz, A. Alonso, E. Feliu, B. Izaola, I. Aspuru, O. Santa Coloma. Flows, drivers, services and functions and urban typologies: an integrated approach for the analysis of urban eco-systems. The Sustainable City V. 2008; 117 ():183-192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Olazabal; I. Garcia; G. Garcia; B. Abajo; K. Herranz; A. Alonso; E. Feliu; B. Izaola; I. Aspuru; O. Santa Coloma. 2008. "Flows, drivers, services and functions and urban typologies: an integrated approach for the analysis of urban eco-systems." The Sustainable City V 117, no. : 183-192.