This study aimed to investigate the cytological and biochemical effects of tyrosol on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in an experimental lung injury model induced via intratracheal bleomycin (BLM) administration at 4 mg/kg. Tyrosol is a compound found in olive oil with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activity, and there are no publications on its effect on broncho-alveolar lavage. A total of fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, BLM only, and BLM combined with tyrosol at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg. Following a two-week treatment period, BALF samples were collected and evaluated cytologically and biochemically. BLM administration led to significant increases in the proportions of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and epithelial cells (p < 0.05) and a decrease in macrophage percentages in BALF. Tyrosol treatment modulated these cellular alterations in a dose-dependent manner, with notable increases in macrophage ratios and reductions in inflammatory cells, particularly at 40 and 80 mg/kg doses. Furthermore, the presence of foamy macrophages—commonly observed in the BLM group—was found to decrease in a dose-dependent manner with tyrosol administration. Biochemical analyses showed that BLM significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p < 0.05), while reducing the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). Tyrosol treatment improved these parameters in a dose-dependent manner, thereby reducing oxidative stress. In cytokine analysis, BLM increased all proinflammatory cytokine levels, whereas tyrosol treatment, particularly at higher doses, significantly decreased IL-6 levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, tyrosol demonstrated notable protective effects against bleomycin-induced lung injury by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions at the BALF level.

Köpeklerde bulaşıcı venereal tümör (CTVT), dişi ve erkek hayvanlarda dış ile iç genital organlarda ve çeşitli metastaz bölgelerinde görülebilen, çiftleşme yoluyla bulaşan retikülo-endotelyal kökenli neoplastik bir hastalıktır. Sıcak ülkelerdeki sokak köpeklerinde daha sık gözlenen bu tümör, makroskobik olarak karnabahar görünümünde, mikroskobik olarak ise sitoplazmasında çok sayıda belirgin vakuol bulunan yuvarlak ve poligonal hücrelerden oluşur. Tanısı histopatolojik incelemeler ve sitolojik smear yöntemleriyle kolayca konulabilmekte, ayırıcı tanıda ise histiositoma ve lenfoma gibi diğer tümörler dikkate alınmaktadır. Tedavide en etkili yöntem vinkristin sülfat gibi kemoterapötikler olup, cerrahi ve radyoterapi gibi protokoller de uygulanmaktadır. Moleküler tanı yöntemleri arasında polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) çeşitleri (Nested, RT-PCR, Real-Time) epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda ve hızlı tanıda öne çıkmaktadır. Özellikle hücre proliferasyonunun ana düzenleyicisi olan c-Myc onkogeninin üst bölgesinde CTVT'ye özgü uzun serpiştirilmiş nükleer elementlerin (LINE) varlığı, bu tümörün diğer histiositik tümörlerden hızlı ve güvenilir bir şekilde ayırt edilmesinde spesifik bir tanı aracı olarak PCR ile analiz edilmektedir. Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a transmissible, reticuloendothelial-derived neoplastic disease transmitted through coitus, observed in both external and internal genitalia of male and female dogs, as well as in various metastatic sites. More frequently observed in stray dogs in warm climates, this tumor macroscopically presents a cauliflower-like appearance and microscopically consists of round and polygonal cells with numerous distinct vacuoles in their cytoplasm. While it is easily diagnosed via histopathological examination and cytological smears, other tumors such as histiocytoma and lymphoma are considered in differential diagnosis. Chemotherapy, particularly involving vincristine sulfate, is the most effective treatment method, alongside surgical interventions and radiotherapy. Among molecular diagnostic tools, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) variations (including Nested, RT-PCR, and Real-Time PCR) play an important role in rapid diagnosis and epidemiological studies. In particular, the presence of specific long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE) in the upstream region of the c-Myc oncogene, which serves as a master regulator of cell proliferation, allows for the rapid and reliable differentiation of CTVT from other histiocytic tumors using PCR-based analysis.

Akademisyen Yayınevi yöneticileri, yaklaşık 30 yıllık yayın tecrübesini, kendi tüzel kişiliklerine aktararak uzun zamandan beri, ticarî faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. Anılan süre içinde, başta sağlık ve sosyal bilimler, kültürel ve sanatsal konular dahil 2000'i aşkın kitabı yayımlamanın gururu içindedir. Uluslararası yayınevi olmanın alt yapısını tamamlayan Akademisyen, Türkçe ve yabancı dillerde yayın yapmanın yanında, küresel bir marka yaratmanın peşindedir. Bilimsel ve düşünsel çalışmaların kalıcı belgeleri sayılan kitaplar, bilgi kayıt ortamı olarak yüzlerce yılın tanıklarıdır. Matbaanın icadıyla varoluşunu sağlam temellere oturtan kitabın geleceği, her ne kadar yeni buluşların yörüngesine taşınmış olsa da, daha uzun süre hayatımızda yer edineceği muhakkaktır.

Lobar pneumonia is a significant cause of losses in lamb raising, yet there is limited integrated necropsy-based data linking histopathology with microbiological identification and susceptibility testing. This study investigated the etiological diversity of lobar pneumonia among 118 lambs submitted for routine necropsy in 2025. Thirty-six lungs with gross lesions consistent with lobar pneumonia were histologically classified as catarrhal purulent bronchopneumonia (n=20), fibrinous pneumonia (n=9), or purulent necrotizing bronchopneumonia (n=7). Fresh tissues were cultured on blood and chocolate agar and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours under both aerobic and 10% CO₂ conditions. Isolates were identified through MALDI-TOF MS, and Mycoplasma spp. DNA was screened using conventional PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing employed the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with a panel of antibiotics including ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Bacterial growth was observed in 25 of 36 lungs, yielding 33 isolates, predominantly Escherichia coli (n=10) and Pasteurella multocida (n=6). Mycoplasma spp. DNA was detected in 13 lungs, including two culture-negative samples. Pasteurellaceae were significantly more common in fibrinous/purulent necrotizing bronchopneumonia compared to catarrhal purulent bronchopneumonia (p<0.001). Resistance in E. coli was most frequent to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefotaxime was maintained. Overall, these results illustrate pattern-specific etiological profiles and support the use of integrated necropsy-based investigation for lamb pneumonia.

Vincristine (VIN) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent whose therapeutic application is substantially constrained by concentration‐dependent toxicities, including nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to characterize the renoprotective capacity of hesperidin (HES) in a VIN‐induced nephrotoxicity model and to delineate the mechanisms underlying its protective action. Twenty‐eight female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, HES (200 mg/kg), VIN (0.17 mg/kg), and VIN (0.17 mg/kg) + HES (200 mg/kg), with all treatments administered for 7 consecutive days. Renal function markers, oxidative stress parameters, apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐related gene expression, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling components, and histopathological alterations were evaluated. VIN administration significantly increased serum urea and creatinine levels, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative DNA damage, while reducing antioxidant defenses ( p < 0.05). VIN also induced marked apoptosis, evidenced by increased tumor protein p53 (p53), Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), Caspase‐3, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression and decreased B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) levels, together with enhanced autophagy and suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling ( p < 0.05). These molecular changes were accompanied by severe renal histopathological damage ( p < 0.05). HES supplementation significantly attenuated these effects by restoring antioxidant capacity, reducing inflammatory cytokines, suppressing apoptosis, modulating autophagy‐related gene expression, and partially restoring PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling ( p < 0.05). Histopathological findings further confirmed the protective effect of HES against VIN‐induced renal injury ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, HES exerts renoprotective effects against VIN‐induced nephrotoxicity by modulating interconnected oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, suggesting its potential as a multi‐target agent for preventing chemotherapy‐associated renal injury in this experimental model.

Damızlıkhaneden Çiftliğe Kanatlı Hayvan Cinsiyetlendirmesi İbrahim Şeker Abdurrahman Köseman Mehmet Karaca Koyunlarda Sosyal Davranışların Temel Yapılanması Onur Erzurum Koyunlarda Davranış; Koyun-Kuzu İlişkileri Müzeyyen Kutluca Korkmaz Östrusun Denetlenmesi Ve Damızlık Teke Seçimi Serkan Ali Akarsu Gamze Uçak Alzheimer Hastalığı Aylin Bilen Büşra Güngör Sema Timurkaan Berrin Tarakçı Gençer Parkinson Hastalığı Büşra Güngör Aylin Bilen Sema Timurkaan Berrin Tarakçı Gençer Işık ile Oluşturulan Retina Dejenerasyonu Canan Akdeniz İncili Yesari Eröksüz Hayvanlarda Tuzlu Su Stresinin Etkileri Ali Rişvanlı Deniz Hayvanlarından Elde Edilen Biyoteknolojik Ürünler ve Uygulamalar: Genel Bakış Selda Sezer Retroviruslar Ve Onkojenik Mekanizması Hakan Aydın Hayrunnisa Bostan Yörü Mehmet Özkan Timurkan Sitokinler ve Kanser Burak Karabulut Hatice Eröksüz Eren Çankaya