The ability to do business successfully and to stay on the market is a unique feature of each company ensured by highly engaged and high-quality employees. Therefore, innovative leaders able to manage, motivate, and encourage other employees can be a great competitive advantage of an enterprise. Knowledge of important personality factors regarding leadership, incentives and stimulus, systematic assessment, and subsequent motivation factors are parts of human capital and essential conditions for effective development of its potential. Familiarity with various ways to motivate leaders and their implementation in practice are important for improving the work performance and reaching business goals. Pearson’s chi-square test is used to test correlation between the motivation factors relating to career aspiration and education. Following the research results, the fact that there is dependence between the motivation factors relating to career aspiration and completed education can be stated. The motivation factors relating to career aspiration are important, even very important for highly educated employees and employees with upper secondary education. Following the research results, the fact that the requirements and expectations relating to career aspiration are more demanding when the education completed by employees is higher is confirmed.

Transport enterprises produce emissions during their activity, which is how they contribute to the polluting of the environment. The requirement of sustainability should therefore be incorporated into their concept of human capital management as well. The aim of this article is to point out the possibilities of application of various human capital management approaches leading to the requirement of increasing the efficiency, performance, competitiveness and sustainability of a transport enterprise in conditions of the Slovak Republic. Via the survey conducted in Slovak enterprises, we found out that the enterprises do not use human capital management much because they have only little knowledge about this concept of work with human capital. Based on the studying of professional literature, the results from the survey, and own experience, we designed two approaches for better implementation of human capital management leading to the increase of efficiency, performance and sustainability of enterprises operating in the field of public transport. The first one is the increase of human capital value via training, and the second consists of the metrics for the assessment of how effectively the enterprises use human capital. We have verified the application of the metrics in conditions of a concrete particular enterprise.

The enterprises operating in the e-business area represent an example of a sustainable entrepreneurship. These enterprises belong to those for which the people are the most valuable assets. Human capital management (HCM) represents a modern concept of people management that is based on the business strategy. Via measurement and assessment of the effectiveness of the utilization of human capital and effectiveness of investment in its development, this concept leads to the increase of performance and competitiveness of the enterprise within the context of sustainability. As part of the questionnaire survey, we found that enterprises in Slovakia have little use of the HCM concept. Despite the fact that they consider investing in education or training as the main form of investment in human capital, they do not evaluate the effectiveness of this investment in practice. By analyzing foreign studies, we have found that e-business enterprises consider IT education to be very important for their performance, competitiveness, and sustainability. The aim of the article is to explain the nature of HCM and to propose an approach to assess the effectiveness of investment in education as a part of the HCM process. Implementation of the approach was implemented in a fast-growing medium-sized IT and e-business enterprise where education is mainly implemented in the IT field. We also used an internal enterprise data analysis. The proposed example of HCM implementation in the part of evaluating the effectiveness of investment in education and the article can serve as a theoretical and practical aid to human resources managers in implementing the HCM concept.

Countries of the EU are trying to create a single digital market. Therefore, this article aims to evaluate the current situation in the field of readiness of economic entities in Slovakia for challenges in the field of human capital management (HCM) when implementing digital technologies in their processes and to propose recommendations regarding the implementation of digital technologies. We used basic scientific methods and calculated Cronbach’s alpha, descriptive statistics, and the chi-square test to detect dependencies between variables. This article processes data from a questionnaire survey completed by managers or owners of economic entities in Slovakia. In 2020, we received answers from 905 respondents, and in 2021, our sample consisted of 561 respondents. We found that among the most used is digitalization in the field of GDPR and not the use of a personnel information system (HRIS). The assumptions that the size of the entity and the prevailing ownership influence the use of digital technologies were also confirmed. The article’s originality lies in the topicality of the examined issue and the extensive questionnaire survey spanning two years. It follows from the findings from previous articles, which pointed to the extremely low values of Slovakia within the DESI index.

Human capital (HC) is a key factor for enterprises’ performance and competitiveness. The aim of this study was to identify how enterprises in Slovakia perceive the impact of the investments in HC on business performance within the context of the implementation of human capital management (HCM). The content analysis was applied to analyze the different authors’ opinions on the substance of HC. These opinions were compared, and the knowledge obtained was synthesized. The article’s originality stems from the evaluation of the results from a unique questionnaire survey conducted with a specific focus on IT companies. This follows the presumption that these companies approach the application of HCM in an exemplary way, while being considered knowledge intensive. To collect the primary data, a questionnaire survey was performed in 113 Slovak IT enterprises and its results were analyzed using statistical tests of independence. The main findings include the corroboration of a positive effect of investments in the employees’ education and the implementation of HCM on the enterprises’ performance. Despite this, more than a third of the enterprises did not evaluate the effectiveness of investment in HC, and more than half of enterprises did not have the HCM concept implemented. Several solutions are recommended with respect to the HR managers’ training.

The aim of this article is to identify substantial factors affecting the motivation of universities’ students to be actively engaged in the education process and define recommendations for the increase of this motivation. As a result, the sustainability of education at universities will be supported, contributing to the increase of the value of human capital of students and, subsequently, to the generation of value for the stakeholder groups in those enterprises where the graduates will be employed. The research hypothesis is focused on the presence of differences in students’ motivation in relation to their gender, study program, and the year of study. To effectively achieve this aim, the analysis, comparison, and the synthesis of the theoretical background was performed, using available sources of secondary data found in the pieces of domestic and foreign professional literature. The pieces of knowledge obtained were supplemented and combined with pieces of information acquired from the questionnaire survey conducted, focusing on the motivation of students of informatics and management at a university in the Slovak Republic. As tools of statistical analysis, tests of independence suitable for nominal categorical data were applied. It was revealed that young people are motivated to study at a university, specifically at the Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, mainly by the prospect of better chances in the labor market, the possibility of getting a higher salary, and higher qualification. The motivation to study at a university in order to improve the opportunity of getting employed in the labor market was more frequently perceived by women. Despite the fact that the level of teaching is considered to be high by almost 50% of the students regardless of their gender, study program, or the year of study, their motivation also stems from their expectations related to their future jobs. The students of informatics expect to have a team of friendly colleagues, delightful and stimulating working conditions, and the opportunity to do meaningful work. Among the students of management, meaningful work was replaced by the opportunity for self-fulfillment. When focusing on other factors, the differences based on the gender, study program, or the year of study were not statistically significant. Based on these findings, specific measures for the faculty’s management were proposed.