Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest and most frequently occurring cancers worldwide. Often diagnosed in advanced stages, it requires more challenging treatment. However, emerging studies highlight the possible role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of CRC. MiRNAs modulate gene expression and can play both roles in tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In CRC, they influence epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell proliferation and migration, apoptosis, autophagy, and patients’ treatment response. In clinical applications, they can be used as predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as for matching the most suitable treatments. Despite its growing popularity, there is still much to discover about their potential usage in medicine.

Introduction and purpose: Management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is difficult since the exact pathogenic mechanism has not been established yet. Due to that fact, the substances registered to treat PCOS are still lacking efficacy and are associated with a number of adverse effects. The aim of this study is to review new possible treatment approaches. State of knowledge: Inositol administered alone or combined with oral contraceptive drugs improves patients’ hormonal status and alleviates the weight increase in comparison to oral contraceptive drugs on their own. Berberine reduces insulin resistance, improves lipid metabolism, and reduces inflammatory reactions. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have a better weight loss effect and less severe adverse reactions than metformin. Thiazolidinediones combined with metformin improve ovulation rate, acne and increase SHGB levels. Thiazolidinediones have also less severe adverse reactions than metformin and can be useful in patients who are not able to tolerate metformin. Summary: The review has shown that inositol, berberine, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists andthiazolidinediones have promising therapeutic effects in terms of PCOS treatment, however, more research is needed to establish safety and efficacy of those agents. Nonetheless, results of this study may be utilized in the education of health specialists in endocrinology departments.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in Poland. There are various types of lung cancer, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most prevalent. Within NSCLC, adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype. Lung adenocarcinoma poses significant challenges in effective treatment due to its complex molecular profile. Recently, significant advancements have been observed in targeted therapies for lung cancer, which are based on the molecular diagnosis of cancer subtypes. Patients with adenocarcinoma with ALK gene rearrangements have the possibility of effective therapy with ALK inhibitors, especially the third generation of these drugs — lorlatinib. Here, a 39-year-old male admitted to the documented clinic with symptoms of respiratory failure is presented. He had a long-term history of employment in the wood industry. The course of the disease was rapid and it did not allow for diagnosis and treatment before the patient’s death. In the autopsy material pneumonic type of lung adenocarcinoma (PLADC) was diagnosed, and immunohistochemical method revealed expression of aberrant ALK protein. This case report is the first according to the literature in which ALK gene rearrangement was found in a non-smoking, young patient exposed to wood dust. Keywords: lung adenocarcinoma occupational diseases dust wood occupational exposure ALK rearrangement

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the evolving role of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) - the gold standard in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis and other sinus diseases. Advances in diagnostic imaging, surgical instruments, and navigation systems have significantly improved the safety and efficacy of this technique. This study provides an overview of the FESS technique, and its expanding indications - application in the treatment of selected sinus tumors, such as inverted papilloma, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), and osteomas. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted, focusing on the development of FESS, its surgical technique, safety profile, and clinical outcomes. Special attention was given to its comparison with traditional open approaches in both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions of the sinonasal tract. Key Findings: The analysis revealed that technological progress - particularly in diagnostic imaging, surgical instruments, and intraoperative navigation - has significantly improved the precision and safety of FESS. Clinical evidence demonstrates that endoscopic resection of sinonasal tumors often achieves recurrence rates equal to or lower than those associated with open surgery, while minimizing morbidity, hospitalization time, and facial disfigurement. Successful outcomes depend on appropriate patient selection, meticulous preoperative planning, and the surgeon’s expertise. Conclusions: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery is a safe and effective modality for treating a wide range of sinonasal diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis and selected benign tumors. With proper patient selection, preoperative planning, and surgical expertise, FESS offers substantial benefits over traditional open approaches, including reduced morbidity and improved recovery. Continued technological advancements and long-term outcome studies will further refine its role in comprehensive sinonasal care.

Eating disorders (EDs) represent a critical and complex issue in sports, particularly among athletes exposed to high-performance demands and appearance-related pressures. Athletic participation is generally associated with health and psychological benefits. However, certain environments increase the risk of developing disordered eating (DE) behaviors. This systematic review examines the epidemiology and risk factors associated with EDs in athletic populations. It focuses particularly on high-risk groups such as female athletes and participants in leanness-focused sports. It introduces a developing understanding of low energy availability, as conceptualized in the Female Athlete Triad and the broader Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) model. The review outlines the multi-system health consequences of RED-S, including effects on reproductive, cardiovascular, immune, and psychological function. Moreover, it highlights the diagnostic challenges in sports settings, where restrictive eating is often normalized or hidden. Finally, the review synthesizes current evidence on clinical management, treatment strategies, and the importance of educational and preventive interventions within sport environments to protect athlete health and performance. Comprehensive awareness and early multidisciplinary interventions are essential for addressing EDs and supporting sustainable athletic careers.

Abdominal pain is a very common complaint among patients in Emergency Rooms. It can usually be associated with a gastrological problem. Acute Mesenteric Ischemia is one of the rarest causes of acute abdomen and has an incidence of 0.09–0.2% of all acute surgical admissions. An occlusive type of AMI may be treated using a relatively safe endovascular method called aspiration thrombectomy. This report presents a case of a 74-year-old male patient with a broad vascular treatment history, who was admitted to the Emergency Room with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Keywords: abdomen acute acute mesenteric arterial thrombosis occlusive mesenteric arterial ischemia thrombectomy aspiration thrombectomy