This study aims to convert cotton‐based post‐consumer textile waste to biodegradable paper, which not only addresses the discarding of waste but also provides a second use of cotton. The post‐consumer garment made with cotton was decolorized by stripping with concentrated NaOH and hydrose. Afterwards, it was chopped, ground, and treated with NaOH solutions. The paper was prepared through a wet‐laid process by mixing carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder with chopped cotton textiles. To reduce water absorbency, the uncoated paper was coated with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using heat pressing technique. The surface morphology and chemical structure of uncoated pristine paper, coated paper, and TPU films were conducted using SEM and FTIR studies. The tensile strength, contact angle, air permeability, and biodegradability tests were investigated according to the standard methods. The tensile properties of the papers were increased after TPU coating, accounting well around 28% compared to the uncoated pristine paper. The elongation at the break of the coated paper was at least 40% greater than the uncoated pristine paper. The coated paper displayed a higher water contact angle of 100°, even after 10 min. The lower air permeability was observed in the coated paper due to TPU film blocking the free spaces of the paper. The TPU‐coated paper exhibited a weight loss of 48.1%–59.8% after 90 days, whereas the uncoated paper was 100% decomposed after 60 days. The burning of post‐consumer cotton textile waste (PCCTW) paper generated ashes resembling those of burning paper, implying clean and environmental friendly biodegradation. The papers can replace the petroleum–plastic materials and serve as food and other packaging applications.

This study examines the interplay of weave patterns, picks per inch (PPI) and key performance metrics including heat protective performance (HPP), air permeability, thermal resistance and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Three weave structures (twill, sateen and honeycomb) using Nomex-IIIA yarn were tested. Heat flux of 80 ± 2 kW/m² was applied, combining flame and radiative heat. The honeycomb weave exhibited superior heat protection compared to twill and sateen. HPP increased by approximately 24% with the PPI rising from 40 to 64. Air permeability and thermal conductivity decreased by roughly 50% and 38%, respectively, with increasing PPI. Sateen and twill showed similar trends. WVTR increased with PPI up to 52, then declined. Overall, higher PPI enhanced HPP for all weave structures, with the honeycomb structure showing the best performance. Thermal conductivity and air permeability decreased as PPI increased due to the greater compactness in these three fabrics.

Seam strength plays a very important role in acquiring the desired quality seam which ultimately defines the quality of any clothing. The paper is aimed to study the strength of seam produced from denim fabric, how different sewing parameters like sewing thread type, type of seam, seam direction as well as the density of stitches influence the strength of seam, and it is observed that they have direct effect on lockstitch seam strength of denim fabric with various degree. For research denim fabric with 3/1 weaves structure and three different sewing threads namely 100% cotton spun with 14tex linear density, 100% polyester spun with 24tex and 60tex linear density were used. Seam class used for the research was superimposed seam prepared with two layers, SSa and three layers, SSb. The samples were made by stitching with lockstitch sewing machine both in warp and weft way. Three different stitch densities were used to sew the samples and they were-7, 9 and 11 stitches per inch. The strength of the produced seams was tested on a universal strength tester machine-the titan tensile strength tester. Test was performed according to ASTM D5034 test method. The outcome of the research shows that seam type, seam direction, thread types, and stitch density have direct effect on lockstitch seam strength of denim fabric with various degrees. Higher seam strength was obtained for the SSb type seam produced in warp direction with coarser sewing thread (60tex) and 11 stitches per inch (SPI). The influence of independent variables on the seam strength was assessed statistically using a multivariate variance analysis (ANOVA) with the help of SPSS software and it was found that they effect significantly. Regression analysis was done to develop the regression equation to predict lockstitch seam strength before production process.

The increasing utilization of multicomponent hybrid yarns in present world highlights their critical role in advancing protective textile technologies. In this study, hybrid yarns with dual sheath and a single core were produced in varying linear densities and twist directions where polyester and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (HPPE) were considered as the sheath components and stainless steel (SS)/glass yarn was taken as core component. The failure pattern and energy required for breakage of hybrid yarn were analyzed, showing that glass-core yarns exhibited multiple cracking tendency, while (SS)-core yarns rarely did. This was attributed to the lower breaking extension % of glass fibers (3.61%-3.81%) compared to SS (18.52%-28.05%), HPPE (5.20%-6.21%), and polyester (17.05%). Glass-core yarns reached their breaking extension earlier, leading to premature breakage. A mathematical model developed from load-extension curves demonstrated that HPPE contributed the most to breaking energy (68.67%), followed by polyester (18.49%) and glass (10.92%). The average absolute error of the model was calculated as 4.87% that led to average ~95% accuracy. The reason for this error was the assumptions about HPPE breakage that were considered during modeling. These findings support researchers in identifying high-performance yarns suitable for cut, stab, and slash-resistant fabrics, ensuring compliance with energy failure standards and allied industrial practices.