Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) influences different organs including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This study aims to identify structural and functional TMJ changes in children with CKD using ultrasound as the least invasive and most accessible method. Methods: TMJ changes were examined using ultrasound screening in 40 children. The first group (control, n = 10) included children with normal occlusion without TMJ complaints. The second group (n = 10) included children with CKD stage 1 and 2. The third group (n = 10) included patients on hemodialysis after renal transplantation. The forth group (n = 10) included patients at least 6 months after renal transplantation. Results: The size of the anterior section of the right TMJ gap in the third group was the largest among all the groups studied (1.085 mm) and statistically significantly different from the first group (0.570 mm; p = 0.001) and the second one (0.665 mm, p = 0.001). The width of the middle section was also greatest in the third group and statistically significantly different when compared to the first and second groups (0.390 mm; p = 0.023 and 0.340 mm; p < 0.001, respectively). A posterior articular gap width differences between the individual patient groups under study were not statistically significant in a posteriori comparison with Bonferroni correction. Statistical significance of differences between all groups when comparing the gap width was found in all sections of the left TMJ. The frequency of anterior disc displacement between groups ranged from 50 to 100% in all groups studied and was not statistically different when comparing right and left TMJs between groups (p = 0.084 and p = 0.662, respectively). Conclusions: CKD children have different TMJ changes, so TMJ ultrasound could screen joint pathology at early stages, and dental specialists can start timely rehabilitation.

Background/Objectives: End-stage chronic kidney disease (ESKD) represents a complex condition that also impacts oral health. This pilot study evaluates and compares some approaches to oral health assessment and aims to define the specific oral features common in adolescents with ESKD. Methods: A total of 50 children aged 12 to 17 years were examined, including 30 adolescents with ESKD (Group 1) and 20 adolescents without urinary pathology (Group 2). The decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, oral hygiene index-simplified, papillary marginal attached index, and periodontal index were used for dental and periodontal assessment. The Milwaukee PH56 device was used to determine salivary pH. Oral microbiota was analyzed by chromatography–mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria. Salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, VEGF, sIgA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: DMFT did not differ between the groups. Periodontal indices in Group 1 were increased compared to Group 2 (p < 0.0001). Salivary pH in Group 1 was slightly alkaline; in Group 2, it was slightly acidic (p < 0.0001). Oral dysbiosis and periodontopathogenic bacteria were found in ESKD adolescents. Salivary IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF, and IL-1β in GCF were elevated in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p < 0.05). TNF-α, IL-8, and VEGF in GCF and TAC in both fluids were lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p < 0.0001). Salivary IL-8 and sIgA in both saliva and GCF did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: ESKD adolescents had poor oral hygiene and significant oral dysbiosis including periodontopathogenic bacteria. Evaluation of biomarkers in saliva and GCF allowed us to vindicate inflammation, dysbiosis severity, and periodontal diseases.

Search and development of antiviral and antibacterial agents based on innovative medicinal plant raw materials in the context of the tendency of growth of resistance of microorganisms to a number of known antibiotics is an important task of modern medicine. Promising medicinal plant raw materials, combining a pronounced antiviral effect with a wide range of antibacterial activity, are fruits and leaves of Indian mango. The aim of the work is to assess the total content of flavonoids, xanthones, tannins, organic acids, polysaccharides in mango leaves, as well as to assess the content of extractive substances extracted by various solvents. The analysis was performed using Indian mango leaves harvested from cultivated greenhouse plants of the Moscow State University Botanical Garden, from potted plants, and also harvested from plants cultivated in Vietnam. The raw materials were dried in an isothermal mode in a drying cabinet at 45 C. The dried raw materials were ground to a particle size passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 2 mm. The authors used pharmacopoeial methods. During the phytochemical study of mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.), the quantitative content of the main groups of biologically active substances was established (extractive substances extracted with water, 45%, 70% and 95% ethyl alcohol; tannins, essential oil, polysaccharides, organic acids. The maximum content of active substances is characteristic of raw material samples - mango leaves harvested from plants cultivated in their natural growth zone. The greatest difference was found for the group of tannins, amounting to 38.42-43.36% for a plant cultivated in its natural habitat, which is consistent with the available literature data demonstrating a pronounced correlation with the shading of the habitat.

Leiomyoma is a benign soft tissue tumor arising from smooth muscle and typically occurring in genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Primary leiomyoma of the lung is extremely rare and requires careful differential diagnosis. We present a 51-year-old man with primary lung leiomyoma and subsequent surgical treatment.