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Dr. Elcio Leal
Federal University of Pará, Brazil

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Phylogenetic Analysis
0 Virology
0 next generation sequencing
0 Microbe host interaction
0 Bioinfomatics

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Phylogenetic Analysis
next generation sequencing

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Short Biography

My work focuses on the molecular aspects of viral evolution. I have been using next-generation sequencing to identify and characterize new animal viruses. I also use phylogenetic approaches to study the effect of genetic variation on the adaptive-fitness of RNA viruses. I'm particularly interested in understanding the contribution of recombination to the diversity and host range of RNA viruses.

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Review article
Published: 20 July 2021 in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
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The immune system is a dynamic network of cells and cytokines are the major mediators of immune responses which combat pathogens. Based on the cytokine production, effector T cells differentiate into subsets known as Th1, Th2, Th17, or Treg. This system serves as a barrier to intracellular pathogens, bacterial infections and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen intermediates, and nitric oxide, which diffuses across membranes and engulfs intracellular pathogens. Oxidative stress occurs when ROS, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production, and antioxidant defences become imbalanced. Oxidative stress generated by infected cells produces a substantial amount of free radicals which enables the killing of intracellular pathogens. Intracellular pathogens are exposed to endogenous ROS as part of normal aerobic respiration, also exogenous ROS and RNS are generated by the host immune system in response to infection. Nanoparticles which are designed for drug delivery are capable of trapping the desired drug in the particles which protect the drug from enzymatic degradation in a biological system. The subcellular size of nanoparticles enables higher intracellular uptake of the drug which results in the reduction of the concentration of free drugs reducing their toxic effect. Research on the modulation of immune response and oxidative stress using nanoparticles used to encapsulate drugs has yet to be explored fully. In this review, we illustrate the immune activation and generation of oxidative stress properties which are mediated by nanoparticle encapsulated drug delivery systems which can make the therapy more effective in case of diseases caused by intracellular pathogens.

ACS Style

Ramendra Pati Pandey; Riya Mukherjee; Anjali Priyadarshini; Archana Gupta; Arpana Vibhuti; Elcio Leal; Utpal Sengupta; Vishwa Mohan Katoch; Pawan Sharma; Catrin E. Moore; V. Samuel Raj; XiaoMing Lyu. Potential of nanoparticles encapsulated drugs for possible inhibition of the antimicrobial resistance development. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2021, 141, 111943 .

AMA Style

Ramendra Pati Pandey, Riya Mukherjee, Anjali Priyadarshini, Archana Gupta, Arpana Vibhuti, Elcio Leal, Utpal Sengupta, Vishwa Mohan Katoch, Pawan Sharma, Catrin E. Moore, V. Samuel Raj, XiaoMing Lyu. Potential of nanoparticles encapsulated drugs for possible inhibition of the antimicrobial resistance development. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2021; 141 ():111943.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramendra Pati Pandey; Riya Mukherjee; Anjali Priyadarshini; Archana Gupta; Arpana Vibhuti; Elcio Leal; Utpal Sengupta; Vishwa Mohan Katoch; Pawan Sharma; Catrin E. Moore; V. Samuel Raj; XiaoMing Lyu. 2021. "Potential of nanoparticles encapsulated drugs for possible inhibition of the antimicrobial resistance development." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 141, no. : 111943.

Communication
Published: 22 June 2021 in Microorganisms
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Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) is a phytovirus that infects great diversity of plants worldwide. In Brazil, the SqMV has been identified in the states of Ceará, Maranhão, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Tocantins. The presence of non-pathogenic viruses in animals, such as phytoviruses, may not be completely risk-free. Similarities in gene repertories between these viruses and viruses that affect animal species have been reported. The present study describes the fully sequenced genomes of SqMV found in human feces, collected in Tocantins, and analyzes the viral profile by metagenomics in the context of diarrhea symptomatology. The complete SqMV genome was obtained in 39 of 253 analyzed samples (15.5%); 97.4% of them belonged to children under 5 years old. There was no evidence that the observed symptoms were related to the presence of SqMV. Of the different virus species detected in these fecal samples, at least 4 (rotavirus, sapovirus, norovirus, parechovirus) are widely known to cause gastrointestinal symptoms. The presence of SqMV nucleic acid in fecal samples is likely due to recent dietary consumption and it is not evidence of viral replication in the human intestinal cells. Identifying the presence of SqMV in human feces and characterization of its genome is a relevant precursor to determining whether and how plant viruses interact with host cells or microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract.

ACS Style

Fabiola Villanova; Roberta Marcatti; Mayara Bertanhe; Vanessa Morais; Flavio Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Emerson Araújo; Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Steven Witkin; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Ester Sabino; Cassio Abreu-Junior; Élcio Leal; Antonio Costa. New Variants of Squash Mosaic Viruses Detected in Human Fecal Samples. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1349 .

AMA Style

Fabiola Villanova, Roberta Marcatti, Mayara Bertanhe, Vanessa Morais, Flavio Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Emerson Araújo, Roozbeh Tahmasebi, Steven Witkin, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Ester Sabino, Cassio Abreu-Junior, Élcio Leal, Antonio Costa. New Variants of Squash Mosaic Viruses Detected in Human Fecal Samples. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (7):1349.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabiola Villanova; Roberta Marcatti; Mayara Bertanhe; Vanessa Morais; Flavio Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Emerson Araújo; Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Steven Witkin; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Ester Sabino; Cassio Abreu-Junior; Élcio Leal; Antonio Costa. 2021. "New Variants of Squash Mosaic Viruses Detected in Human Fecal Samples." Microorganisms 9, no. 7: 1349.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Viruses
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Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that plagues many tropical-climate nations around the world, including Brazil. Molecular epidemiology is a growing and increasingly invaluable tool for understanding the dispersal, persistence, and diversity of this impactful virus. In this study, plasma samples (n = 824) from individuals with symptoms consistent with an arboviral febrile illness were analyzed to identity the molecular epidemiological dynamics of DENV circulating in the Brazilian state of Amapá. Twelve DENV type 1 (DENV-1) genomes were identified, which were phylogenetically related to the BR4 lineage of genotype V. Phylodynamics analysis suggested that DENV-1 BR-4 was introduced into Amapá around early 2010, possibly from other states in northern Brazil. We also found unique amino acids substitutions in the DENV-1 envelope and NS5 protein sequences in the Amapá isolates. Characterization of the DENV-1 BR-4 sequences highlights the potential of this new lineage to drive outbreaks of dengue in the Amazon region.

ACS Style

Geovani Ribeiro; Danielle Gill; Edcelha Ribeiro; Fred Monteiro; Vanessa Morais; Roberta Marcatti; Marlisson Rego; Emerson Araújo; Steven Witkin; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Ester Sabino; Eric Delwart; Élcio Leal; Antonio da Costa. Adaptive Evolution of New Variants of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Genotype V Circulating in the Brazilian Amazon. Viruses 2021, 13, 689 .

AMA Style

Geovani Ribeiro, Danielle Gill, Edcelha Ribeiro, Fred Monteiro, Vanessa Morais, Roberta Marcatti, Marlisson Rego, Emerson Araújo, Steven Witkin, Fabiola Villanova, Xutao Deng, Ester Sabino, Eric Delwart, Élcio Leal, Antonio da Costa. Adaptive Evolution of New Variants of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Genotype V Circulating in the Brazilian Amazon. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):689.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Geovani Ribeiro; Danielle Gill; Edcelha Ribeiro; Fred Monteiro; Vanessa Morais; Roberta Marcatti; Marlisson Rego; Emerson Araújo; Steven Witkin; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Ester Sabino; Eric Delwart; Élcio Leal; Antonio da Costa. 2021. "Adaptive Evolution of New Variants of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Genotype V Circulating in the Brazilian Amazon." Viruses 13, no. 4: 689.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Viruses
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Echoviruses (E) are a diverse group of viruses responsible for various pathological conditions in humans including aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, and acute flaccid paralysis. The detection and identification of echovirus genotypes in clinical samples is challenging due to its high genetic diversity. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of nine echoviruses, obtained by next-generation sequencing of 238 fecal samples from individuals with gastroenteritis in regions of Brazil. Detected viruses were classified into six genotypes: Three E1 sequences (BRA/TO-028, BRA/TO-069 and BRA/TO-236), one E3 (BRA/TO-018), one E11 (BRA/TO-086), one E20 (BRA/TO-016), two E29 (BRA/TO-030 and BRA/TO-193), and one E30 sequence (BRA/TO-032). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the echoviruses E1 and E29 circulating in Brazil are divergent from strains circulating worldwide. The genotype diversity identified in our study may under-represent the total echovirus diversity in Brazil because of the small sample size and the restricted geographical distribution covered by the survey.

ACS Style

Endrya Do Socorro Fôro Ramos; Ulisses Rosa; Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fabiola Villanova; Flávio de Pádua Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Vanessa Dos Santos Morais; Mayara Bertanhe; Roberta Marcatti; Emerson Araújo; Steven Witkin; Eric Delwart; Adriana Luchs; Antonio da Costa; Élcio Leal. High Heterogeneity of Echoviruses in Brazilian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Viruses 2021, 13, 595 .

AMA Style

Endrya Do Socorro Fôro Ramos, Ulisses Rosa, Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro, Fabiola Villanova, Flávio de Pádua Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Vanessa Dos Santos Morais, Mayara Bertanhe, Roberta Marcatti, Emerson Araújo, Steven Witkin, Eric Delwart, Adriana Luchs, Antonio da Costa, Élcio Leal. High Heterogeneity of Echoviruses in Brazilian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):595.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Endrya Do Socorro Fôro Ramos; Ulisses Rosa; Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fabiola Villanova; Flávio de Pádua Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Vanessa Dos Santos Morais; Mayara Bertanhe; Roberta Marcatti; Emerson Araújo; Steven Witkin; Eric Delwart; Adriana Luchs; Antonio da Costa; Élcio Leal. 2021. "High Heterogeneity of Echoviruses in Brazilian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis." Viruses 13, no. 4: 595.

Research article
Published: 23 March 2021 in PLOS ONE
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Husavirus (HuV) is an unclassified virus of the order Picornavirales that has already been identified worldwide in various locations. The genetic, epidemiological, and pathogenic characteristics are, however, little understood. In children with acute gastroenteritis, this study used next-generation sequencing to recognize unknown sources of viruses. In particular, 251 fecal samples obtained from individuals were sequenced in southern, northeastern, and northern Brazil. all samples were also analyzed using culture methods and parasitological tests to classify other enteric pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. 1.9% of the samples tested positive for HuV, for a total of 5 positive children, with a mean age of 2 year, with three males and two females. Detailed molecular characterization of full genomes showed that Brazilian HuVs’ nucleotide divergence is less than 11%. The genetic gap between Brazilian sequences and the closest HuV reported previously, on the other hand, is 18%. The study showed that Brazilian sequences are closely related to the HuV defined in Viet Nam in 2013, further characterization based on phylogenetics. At least two divergent clades of HuV in South America were also seen in the phylogenetic study.

ACS Style

Endrya Do Socorro Fôro Ramos; Ulisses Alves Rosa; Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fabiola Villanova; Flávio Augusto De Pádua Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Vanessa Dos Santos Morais; Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo; Ramendra Pati Pandey; V. Samuel Raj; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Adriana Luchs; Élcio Leal; Antonio Charlys da Costa. Multiple clades of Husavirus in South America revealed by next generation sequencing. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0248486 .

AMA Style

Endrya Do Socorro Fôro Ramos, Ulisses Alves Rosa, Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro, Fabiola Villanova, Flávio Augusto De Pádua Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Vanessa Dos Santos Morais, Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo, Ramendra Pati Pandey, V. Samuel Raj, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Adriana Luchs, Élcio Leal, Antonio Charlys da Costa. Multiple clades of Husavirus in South America revealed by next generation sequencing. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (3):e0248486.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Endrya Do Socorro Fôro Ramos; Ulisses Alves Rosa; Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fabiola Villanova; Flávio Augusto De Pádua Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Vanessa Dos Santos Morais; Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo; Ramendra Pati Pandey; V. Samuel Raj; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Adriana Luchs; Élcio Leal; Antonio Charlys da Costa. 2021. "Multiple clades of Husavirus in South America revealed by next generation sequencing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3: e0248486.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Classical insect-flaviviruses (cISFVs) and dual host-related insect-specific flavivirus (dISFV) are within the major group of insect-specific flavivirus. Remarkably dISFV are evolutionarily related to some of the pathogenic flavivirus, such as Zika and dengue viruses. The Evolutionary relatedness of dISFV to flavivirus allowed us to investigate the evolutionary principle of host adaptation. Additionally, dISFV can be used for the development of flavivirus vaccines and to explore underlying principles of mammalian pathogenicity. Here we describe the genetic characterization of a novel putative dISFV, termed Guapiaçu virus (GUAPV). Distinct strains of GUAPV were isolated from pools of Aedes terrens and Aedes scapularis mosquitoes. Additionally, we also detected viral GUAPV RNA in a plasma sample of an individual febrile from the Amazon region (North of Brazil). Although GUAPV did not replicate in tested mammalian cells, 3′UTR secondary structures duplication and codon usage index were similar to pathogenic flavivirus.

ACS Style

Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Antonio Charlys da Costa; Danielle Elise Gill; Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro; Marlisson Octavio da S. Rego; Fred Julio Costa Monteiro; Fabiola Villanova; Juliana Silva Nogueira; Adriana Yurika Maeda; Renato Pereira de Souza; Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Vanessa S. Morais; Ramendra Pati Pandey; V. Samuel Raj; Sirle Abdo Salloum Scandar; Fernanda Gisele da Silva Vasami; Leandro Guaraglia D’Agostino; Paulo César Maiorka; Xutao Deng; Maurício Lacerda Nogueira; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Élcio Leal; Mariana Sequetin Cunha. Guapiaçu virus, a new insect-specific flavivirus isolated from two species of Aedes mosquitoes from Brazil. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Danielle Elise Gill, Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro, Marlisson Octavio da S. Rego, Fred Julio Costa Monteiro, Fabiola Villanova, Juliana Silva Nogueira, Adriana Yurika Maeda, Renato Pereira de Souza, Roozbeh Tahmasebi, Vanessa S. Morais, Ramendra Pati Pandey, V. Samuel Raj, Sirle Abdo Salloum Scandar, Fernanda Gisele da Silva Vasami, Leandro Guaraglia D’Agostino, Paulo César Maiorka, Xutao Deng, Maurício Lacerda Nogueira, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Eric Delwart, Élcio Leal, Mariana Sequetin Cunha. Guapiaçu virus, a new insect-specific flavivirus isolated from two species of Aedes mosquitoes from Brazil. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Antonio Charlys da Costa; Danielle Elise Gill; Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro; Marlisson Octavio da S. Rego; Fred Julio Costa Monteiro; Fabiola Villanova; Juliana Silva Nogueira; Adriana Yurika Maeda; Renato Pereira de Souza; Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Vanessa S. Morais; Ramendra Pati Pandey; V. Samuel Raj; Sirle Abdo Salloum Scandar; Fernanda Gisele da Silva Vasami; Leandro Guaraglia D’Agostino; Paulo César Maiorka; Xutao Deng; Maurício Lacerda Nogueira; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Élcio Leal; Mariana Sequetin Cunha. 2021. "Guapiaçu virus, a new insect-specific flavivirus isolated from two species of Aedes mosquitoes from Brazil." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Journal of General Virology
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Human enteric adenovirus species F (HAdV-F) is one of the most common pathogens responsible for acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Brazil is a country with continental dimensions where continuous multiregional surveillance is vital to establish a more complete picture of the epidemiology of HAdV-F. The aim of the current study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HAdV-F using full-genome data in rural and low-income urban areas in northern Brazil. This will allow a genetic comparison between Brazilian and global HAdV-F strains. The frequency of HAdV-F infections in patients with gastroenteritis and molecular typing of positive samples within this period was also analysed. A total of 251 stool samples collected between 2010 and 2016 from patients with acute gastroenteritis were screened for HAdV-F using next-generation sequencing techniques. HAdV-F infection was detected in 57.8 % (145/251) of samples. A total of 137 positive samples belonged to HAdV-F41 and 7 to HAdV-F40. HAdV-F40/41 dual infection was found in one sample. Detection rates did not vary significantly according to the year. Single HAdV-F infections were detected in 21.9 % (55/251) of samples and mixed infections in 37.4 % (94/251), with RVA/HAdV-F being the most frequent association (21.5 %; 54/251). Genetic analysis indicated that the HAdV-F strains circulating in Brazil were closely related to worldwide strains, and the existence of some temporal order was not observed. This is the first large-scale HAdV-F study in Brazil in which whole-genome data and DNA sequence analyses were used to characterize HAdV-F strains. Expanding the viral genome database could improve overall genotyping success and assist the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)/GenBank in standardizing the HAdV genome records by providing a large set of annotated HAdV-F genomes.

ACS Style

Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Adriana Luchs; Kaelan Tardy; Philip Michael Hefford; Rory J. Tinker; Owrang Eilami; Flavio Augusto De Padua Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Maria Da Aparecida Rodrigues Teles; Vanessa Dos Santos Morais; Carlos Henrique Valente Moreira; Renata Buccheri; Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Élcio Leal; Antonio Charlys Da Costa. Viral gastroenteritis in Tocantins, Brazil: characterizing the diversity of human adenovirus F through next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. Journal of General Virology 2020, 101, 1280 -1288.

AMA Style

Roozbeh Tahmasebi, Adriana Luchs, Kaelan Tardy, Philip Michael Hefford, Rory J. Tinker, Owrang Eilami, Flavio Augusto De Padua Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Maria Da Aparecida Rodrigues Teles, Vanessa Dos Santos Morais, Carlos Henrique Valente Moreira, Renata Buccheri, Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo, Fabiola Villanova, Xutao Deng, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Eric Delwart, Élcio Leal, Antonio Charlys Da Costa. Viral gastroenteritis in Tocantins, Brazil: characterizing the diversity of human adenovirus F through next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. Journal of General Virology. 2020; 101 (12):1280-1288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Adriana Luchs; Kaelan Tardy; Philip Michael Hefford; Rory J. Tinker; Owrang Eilami; Flavio Augusto De Padua Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Maria Da Aparecida Rodrigues Teles; Vanessa Dos Santos Morais; Carlos Henrique Valente Moreira; Renata Buccheri; Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Élcio Leal; Antonio Charlys Da Costa. 2020. "Viral gastroenteritis in Tocantins, Brazil: characterizing the diversity of human adenovirus F through next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics." Journal of General Virology 101, no. 12: 1280-1288.

Preprint
Published: 28 October 2020
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The immune system is a dynamic network of cells and cytokines are the major mediators of immune responses which combat pathogens. Based on the cytokine production, effector T cells differentiate into subsets known as Th1, Th2, Th17 or Treg (T regulatory). This system serves as a barrier to intracellular pathogens, bacterial infections and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) and nitric oxide (NO), which diffuses across membranes and engulfs intracellular pathogens. Oxidative stress occurs when ROS, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production and antioxidant defences become imbalanced. Oxidative stress generated by infected cells produces a substantial amount of free radicals which enables killing of intracellular pathogens. Intracellular pathogens are exposed to endogenous ROS as part of normal aerobic respiration, also aexogenous ROS and RNS are generated by the host immune system in response to infection. Nanoparticles which are designed for drug delivery are capable of trapping the desired drug in the particles which protects the drug from enzymatic degradation in a biological system. The small (subcellular) size of nanoparticles enables higher intracellular uptake of the drug which results in the reduction of the concentration of free drugs reducing their toxic effect. Research on the modulation of immune response and oxidative stress using nanoparticles used to encapsulate drugs has yet to be explored fully. In this review we illustrate the immune activation and generation of oxidative stress properties which are mediated by nanoparticle encapsulated drug delivery systems which can make the therapy more effective in case of diseases caused by intracellular pathogens.

ACS Style

Ramendra Pati Pandey; Anjali Priyadarshini; Archana Gupta; Arpana Vibhuti; Elcio Leal; Utpal Sengupta; Vishwa Mohan Katoch; Pawan Sharma; Catrin E Moore; V. Samuel Raj. Exploring the Modulation of Immune Response and Oxidative Stress of Intracellular Pathogens Using Nanoparticles Encapsulating Drugs. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Ramendra Pati Pandey, Anjali Priyadarshini, Archana Gupta, Arpana Vibhuti, Elcio Leal, Utpal Sengupta, Vishwa Mohan Katoch, Pawan Sharma, Catrin E Moore, V. Samuel Raj. Exploring the Modulation of Immune Response and Oxidative Stress of Intracellular Pathogens Using Nanoparticles Encapsulating Drugs. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramendra Pati Pandey; Anjali Priyadarshini; Archana Gupta; Arpana Vibhuti; Elcio Leal; Utpal Sengupta; Vishwa Mohan Katoch; Pawan Sharma; Catrin E Moore; V. Samuel Raj. 2020. "Exploring the Modulation of Immune Response and Oxidative Stress of Intracellular Pathogens Using Nanoparticles Encapsulating Drugs." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2020 in Viruses
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Viruses are the most diverse and abundant microorganisms on earth, highly adaptive to a wide range of hosts. Viral diversity within invertebrate hosts has gained notoriety in recent years in public health as several such viruses have been of medical importance. Aedes aegypti serves as a vector for several viruses that have caused epidemics within the last year throughout Brazil; including Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya. This study aimed to identify new viral agents within Aedes aegypti mosquito in a city of the Amazonian region, where it is highly endemic. Metagenomic investigation was performed on 60 mosquito pools and viral RNA sequences present in their microbiota were characterized using genomic and phylogenetic tools. In total, we identified five putative novel virus species related to the Sobemovirus genus, Iflavirus genus and Permutatetraviridae family. These findings indicate a diverse taxonomy of viruses present in the mosquito microbiota of the Amazon, the region with the greatest invertebrate diversity in the world.

ACS Style

Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Vanessa S. Morais; Fred Julio Costa Monteiro; Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro; Marlisson Octavio Da S Rego; Raimundo Nonato Picanço Souto; Fabiola Villanova; Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Philip Michael Hefford; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Licia Natal Fernandes; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Élcio Leal. Aedes aegypti from Amazon Basin Harbor High Diversity of Novel Viral Species. Viruses 2020, 12, 866 .

AMA Style

Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro, Vanessa S. Morais, Fred Julio Costa Monteiro, Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro, Marlisson Octavio Da S Rego, Raimundo Nonato Picanço Souto, Fabiola Villanova, Roozbeh Tahmasebi, Philip Michael Hefford, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Licia Natal Fernandes, Antonio Charlys Da Costa, Élcio Leal. Aedes aegypti from Amazon Basin Harbor High Diversity of Novel Viral Species. Viruses. 2020; 12 (8):866.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Vanessa S. Morais; Fred Julio Costa Monteiro; Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro; Marlisson Octavio Da S Rego; Raimundo Nonato Picanço Souto; Fabiola Villanova; Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Philip Michael Hefford; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Licia Natal Fernandes; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Élcio Leal. 2020. "Aedes aegypti from Amazon Basin Harbor High Diversity of Novel Viral Species." Viruses 12, no. 8: 866.

Research article
Published: 22 June 2020 in PLOS ONE
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To evaluate the impact of hypermutation on the HIV-1 dissemination at the population level we studied 7072 sequences HIV-1 gene vif retrieved from the public databank. From this dataset 854 sequences were selected because they had associated values of CD4+ T lymphocytes counts and viral loads and they were used to assess the correlation between clinical parameters and hypermutation. We found that the frequency of stop codons at sites 5, 11 and 79 ranged from 2.8x10-4 to 4.2x10-4. On the other hand, at codons 21, 38, 70, 89 and 174 the frequency of stop codons ranged from 1.4x10-3 to 2.5x10-3. We also found a correlation between clinical parameters and hypermutation where patients harboring proviruses with one or more stop codons at the tryptophan sites of the gene vif had higher CD4+ T lymphocytes counts and lower viral loads compared to the population. Our findings indicate that A3 activity potentially restrains HIV-1 replication because individuals with hypermutated proviruses tend to have lower numbers of RNA copies. However, owing to the low frequency of hypermutated sequences observed in the databank (44 out of 7072), it is unlikely that A3 has a significant impact to curb HIV-1 dissemination at the population level.

ACS Style

Fabiola Villanova; Marta Barreiros; Élcio Leal. Is the tryptophan codon of gene vif the Achilles’ heel of HIV-1? PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0225563 .

AMA Style

Fabiola Villanova, Marta Barreiros, Élcio Leal. Is the tryptophan codon of gene vif the Achilles’ heel of HIV-1? PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (6):e0225563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabiola Villanova; Marta Barreiros; Élcio Leal. 2020. "Is the tryptophan codon of gene vif the Achilles’ heel of HIV-1?" PLOS ONE 15, no. 6: e0225563.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2020 in Life Sciences
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The study focuses on whether antigenic proteins encapsulated in biopolymeric nanoparticles can augment protective efficacy. Chitosan nanoparticles (ChN) were prepared by ionic gelation method and Culture Filtrate Proteins (CFP) - CFP-10 and CFP-21 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) were encapsulated in ChN. The binding efficiency of nanoparticles with CFP-10 and CFP-21 proteins was confirmed by UV-Spectrophotometer. The efficacy of nanoparticles-encapsulated antigenic proteins administered intraperitoneal against Mtb aerosol infection was evaluated in Balb/c mice. Protection study was done by bacterial counts [CFU]. CFP-10 and CFP-21 proteins primed cells demonstrated a Th1 bias T cell response in an ex vivo assay. ChN-CFP10 and ChN-CFP21 nanoparticles have both protective and therapeutic potential against Mtb. In the group of mice immunized with CHN-CFP-10 the number of colonies reduced significantly from day 15 to day 60. ChN-CFP-21 showed maximum protection in ChN-CFP-21 immunized mice. ChN-CFP-10 and ChN-CFP-21 clearly showed enhanced protection against Mtb.

ACS Style

Ramendra Pati Pandey; Santosh Kumar; Saheem Ahmad; Arpana Vibhuti; V. Samuel Raj; Anita Kamra Verma; Pawan Sharma; Elcio Leal. Use Chou's 5-steps rule to evaluate protective efficacy induced by antigenic proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. Life Sciences 2020, 256, 117961 .

AMA Style

Ramendra Pati Pandey, Santosh Kumar, Saheem Ahmad, Arpana Vibhuti, V. Samuel Raj, Anita Kamra Verma, Pawan Sharma, Elcio Leal. Use Chou's 5-steps rule to evaluate protective efficacy induced by antigenic proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. Life Sciences. 2020; 256 ():117961.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramendra Pati Pandey; Santosh Kumar; Saheem Ahmad; Arpana Vibhuti; V. Samuel Raj; Anita Kamra Verma; Pawan Sharma; Elcio Leal. 2020. "Use Chou's 5-steps rule to evaluate protective efficacy induced by antigenic proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles." Life Sciences 256, no. : 117961.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2020 in Viruses
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Human Adenovirus species C (HAdV-C) is the most common etiologic agent of respiratory disease. In the present study, we characterized the nearly full-length genome of one potential new HAdV-C recombinant strain constituted by Penton and Fiber proteins belonging to type 89 and a chimeric Hexon protein of types 1 and 89. By using viral metagenomics techniques, we screened out, in the states of Tocantins and Pará, Northern and North regions of Brazil, from 2010 to 2016, 251 fecal samples of children between 0.5 to 2.5 years old. These children were presenting acute diarrhea not associated with common pathogens (i.e., rotavirus, norovirus). We identified two HAdV-C strains in two distinct patients. Phylogenetic analysis performed using all complete genomes available at GenBank database indicated that one strain (HAdV-C BR-245) belonged to type 1. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated that the second strain (HAdV-C BR-211) was located at the base of the clade formed by the newly HAdV-C strains type 89. Recombination analysis revealed that strain HAdV-C BR-211 is a chimera in which the variable regions of Hexon gene combined HAdV-C1 and HAdV-C89 sequences. Therefore, HAdV-C BR-211 strain possesses a genomic backbone of type HAdV-C89 and a unique insertion of HAdV-C1 in the Hexon sequence. Recombination may play an important driving force in HAdV-C diversity and evolution. Studies employing complete genomic sequencing on circulating HAdV-C strains in Brazil are needed to understand the clinical significance of the presented data.

ACS Style

Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Kaelan Tardy; Rory J. Tinker; Flavio Augusto De Padua Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Maria Da Aparecida Rodrigues Teles; Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas; Cassia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares; Aripuana Sakurada Aranha Watanabe; Cecilia Salete Alencar; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Adriana Luchs; Élcio Leal; Ester Cerdeira Sabino. Genomic Analyses of Potential Novel Recombinant Human Adenovirus C in Brazil. Viruses 2020, 12, 508 .

AMA Style

Roozbeh Tahmasebi, Antonio Charlys Da Costa, Kaelan Tardy, Rory J. Tinker, Flavio Augusto De Padua Milagres, Rafael Brustulin, Maria Da Aparecida Rodrigues Teles, Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas, Cassia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares, Aripuana Sakurada Aranha Watanabe, Cecilia Salete Alencar, Fabiola Villanova, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Adriana Luchs, Élcio Leal, Ester Cerdeira Sabino. Genomic Analyses of Potential Novel Recombinant Human Adenovirus C in Brazil. Viruses. 2020; 12 (5):508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Kaelan Tardy; Rory J. Tinker; Flavio Augusto De Padua Milagres; Rafael Brustulin; Maria Da Aparecida Rodrigues Teles; Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas; Cassia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares; Aripuana Sakurada Aranha Watanabe; Cecilia Salete Alencar; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Adriana Luchs; Élcio Leal; Ester Cerdeira Sabino. 2020. "Genomic Analyses of Potential Novel Recombinant Human Adenovirus C in Brazil." Viruses 12, no. 5: 508.

Research article
Published: 27 March 2020 in PLOS ONE
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The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil has been growing in northeast and north regions, particularly an increase in AIDS cases among the younger male population has been observed. This study aims to characterize the HIV-1 genetic diversity and to evaluate its antiretroviral resistance profile among individuals presenting virological failure in the state of Maranhão—Brazil. HIV-1 pol gene sequences from 633 patients on antiretroviral therapy were obtained from the Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed to characterize viral genetic diversity. The presence of antiretroviral resistance mutations was assessed using the HIV Drug Resistance Database online platform of Stanford University. A predominance of subtype B (84.5%) was observed, followed by recombinant BF (9.5%), where more than half of the sequences were dispersed in 3 clusters. Antiretroviral resistance was detected in 74.1% of the sequences, and it was significantly higher for nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) than for non-nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). Inference of putative transmissions clusters identified 11 clusters with 22 query sequences (22/633, 3.5%). Thus, we conclude that continuous monitoring of the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 is essential for prevention strategies, epidemic control, and treatment adequacy.

ACS Style

Élcio Leal; Claudia Regina Arrais; Marta Barreiros; Jessyca Kalynne Farias Rodrigues; Nilviane Pires Silva Sousa; Daniel Duarte Costa; Francisco Dimitre Rodrigo Pereira Santos; Antonio Dantas Silva; Antonia Iracilda E Silva Viana; Allan Kardec Barros; Kledoaldo Lima. Characterization of HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0230878 .

AMA Style

Élcio Leal, Claudia Regina Arrais, Marta Barreiros, Jessyca Kalynne Farias Rodrigues, Nilviane Pires Silva Sousa, Daniel Duarte Costa, Francisco Dimitre Rodrigo Pereira Santos, Antonio Dantas Silva, Antonia Iracilda E Silva Viana, Allan Kardec Barros, Kledoaldo Lima. Characterization of HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (3):e0230878.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Élcio Leal; Claudia Regina Arrais; Marta Barreiros; Jessyca Kalynne Farias Rodrigues; Nilviane Pires Silva Sousa; Daniel Duarte Costa; Francisco Dimitre Rodrigo Pereira Santos; Antonio Dantas Silva; Antonia Iracilda E Silva Viana; Allan Kardec Barros; Kledoaldo Lima. 2020. "Characterization of HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil." PLOS ONE 15, no. 3: e0230878.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2020 in Acta Tropica
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In Brazil, flaviviruses have caused massive outbreaks. Surveillance programs designed to monitor virus activity in vectors provides a system for mapping disease distribution and for identifying specific vector species for targeted control. The present study aimed to describe the detection, whole genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Ilheus virus (ILHV) and Iguape virus (IGUV) strains obtained from historical mosquito's samples. Twelve isolates of pooled mosquito specimens (inoculated in neonate mouse brain) collected in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1993, 1994 and 1997 were investigated. Viral RNA was extracted and analyzed by qRT-PCR using Flavivirus genus-specific primers. Positive samples were sequenced and underwent phylogenetic analyses. Flavivirus was detected in 50% of the specimens. Positive samples were successfully Sanger sequenced. Three Anopholes cruzii pools collected in 1994 were positive for IGUV. One Culex sp. pool, one Anopheles triannulatus pool, and one Coquillettidia juxtamansonia pool, collected in 1994, were positive for ILHV. Metagenomic sequencing successfully characterize one ILHV and four IGUV full genomes, and revealed a high degree of homology between the Brazilian ILHV and IGUV strains and isolates available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of partial ILHV NS5 gene revealed three distinct lineages (clades), an indication of genetic heterogeneity in strains circulating in Brazil. Nucleotide insertions and a high-level of nucleotide diversity were observed in the NS1 protein and capsid region of IGUV strains, respectively. Detection of ILHV and IGUV in mosquitoes from Southeastern Brazil confirms the historical circulation of these viruses in this area. Furthermore, this first evidence of ILHV in Anopheles triannulatus suggests the potential importance of Anopheles mosquitoes in the IGUV transmission cycle. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of these viruses provided insights into their diversity and evolution, which are important for the emergence patterns of flaviviruses and their evolutionary trends in Brazil, an endemic country for several arbovirus. in In-depth studies of ILHV and IGUV including vector competence and molecular studies are needed to shed light on their epidemiology and potential risk of future emergence.

ACS Style

Mariana Sequetin Cunha; Adriana Luchs; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fabiana Cristina Pereira Dos Santos; Juliana Silva Nogueira; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Robson Dos Santos Souza Marinho; Steven S. Witkin; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Elcio Leal; Mauricio Nogueira; Paulo César Maiorka. Detection and characterization of Ilheus and Iguape virus genomes in historical mosquito samples from Southern Brazil. Acta Tropica 2020, 205, 105401 .

AMA Style

Mariana Sequetin Cunha, Adriana Luchs, Antonio Charlys Da Costa, Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro, Fabiana Cristina Pereira Dos Santos, Juliana Silva Nogueira, Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis, Robson Dos Santos Souza Marinho, Steven S. Witkin, Fabiola Villanova, Xutao Deng, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Eric Delwart, Elcio Leal, Mauricio Nogueira, Paulo César Maiorka. Detection and characterization of Ilheus and Iguape virus genomes in historical mosquito samples from Southern Brazil. Acta Tropica. 2020; 205 ():105401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariana Sequetin Cunha; Adriana Luchs; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fabiana Cristina Pereira Dos Santos; Juliana Silva Nogueira; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Robson Dos Santos Souza Marinho; Steven S. Witkin; Fabiola Villanova; Xutao Deng; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Elcio Leal; Mauricio Nogueira; Paulo César Maiorka. 2020. "Detection and characterization of Ilheus and Iguape virus genomes in historical mosquito samples from Southern Brazil." Acta Tropica 205, no. : 105401.

Research article
Published: 16 January 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Protoparvoviruses, widespread among cats and wild animals, are responsible for leukopenia. Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) in domestic cats is genetically diverse and some strains may differ from those used for vaccination. The presence of FPLV in two domestic cats from Hebei Province in China was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Samples from these animals were used to isolate FPLV strains in CRFK cells for genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare our isolates with available sequences of FPLV, mink parvovirus (MEV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). The isolated strains were closely related to strains of FPLV/MEV isolated in the 1960s. Our analysis also revealed that the evolutionary history of FPLV and MEV is characterized by local adaptations in the Vp2 gene. Thus, it is likely that new FPLV strains are emerging to evade the anti-FPLV immune response.

ACS Style

Élcio Leal; Ruiying Liang; Qi Liu; Fabiola Villanova; Lijun Shi; Lin Liang; Jinxiang Li; Steven S. Witkin; Shangjin Cui. Regional adaptations and parallel mutations in Feline panleukopenia virus strains from China revealed by nearly-full length genome analysis. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0227705 .

AMA Style

Élcio Leal, Ruiying Liang, Qi Liu, Fabiola Villanova, Lijun Shi, Lin Liang, Jinxiang Li, Steven S. Witkin, Shangjin Cui. Regional adaptations and parallel mutations in Feline panleukopenia virus strains from China revealed by nearly-full length genome analysis. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (1):e0227705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Élcio Leal; Ruiying Liang; Qi Liu; Fabiola Villanova; Lijun Shi; Lin Liang; Jinxiang Li; Steven S. Witkin; Shangjin Cui. 2020. "Regional adaptations and parallel mutations in Feline panleukopenia virus strains from China revealed by nearly-full length genome analysis." PLOS ONE 15, no. 1: e0227705.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2019 in Scientific Reports
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Diarrhea remains one of the most common causes of deaths in children. Although many studies have investigated the prevalence of enteric pathogens around the globe some diarrheal episodes remain unexplained. It is possible that some yet-unidentified viral agents could be related to these cases of gastroenteritis. By using viral metagenomics techniques, we screened 251 fecal samples of children between 0.5 to 2.5-year-old with acute diarrhea not associated with common pathogens. These children live in rural areas and have different levels of contact with animals such as pigs, cows and bats. Here we report a complete genome of one mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) type 3, denoted TO-151/BR, detected in a female child in the state of Tocantins (north of Brazil). Brazilian TO-151/BR strain was classified as MRV-3 based on S1 phylogeny and was closely related to porcine Asian strains. Phylogenetic analyses showed that other segments were more similar to MRV-3s of different geographic locations and hosts, including human and bats, highlighting genome reassortment and lack of host-specific barriers. This is the first report of MRV-3 in South America and a hypothesis of a silent long-term circulation of this virus in Brazil has been raised.

ACS Style

Ulisses Alves Rosa; Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fabiola Villanova; Adriana Luchs; Flavio Milagres; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão Lobato; Rafael Brustulin; Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas; Maria De Fátima Neves Dos Santos Abrão; Cassia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares; Rory J Tinker; Ramendra Pati Pandey; V. Samuel Raj; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Élcio Leal. First identification of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 by gut virome analysis in diarrheic child in Brazil. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Ulisses Alves Rosa, Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro, Fabiola Villanova, Adriana Luchs, Flavio Milagres, Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis, Roozbeh Tahmasebi, Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão Lobato, Rafael Brustulin, Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas, Maria De Fátima Neves Dos Santos Abrão, Cassia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares, Rory J Tinker, Ramendra Pati Pandey, V. Samuel Raj, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Antonio Charlys Da Costa, Élcio Leal. First identification of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 by gut virome analysis in diarrheic child in Brazil. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulisses Alves Rosa; Geovani De Oliveira Ribeiro; Fabiola Villanova; Adriana Luchs; Flavio Milagres; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Roozbeh Tahmasebi; Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão Lobato; Rafael Brustulin; Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas; Maria De Fátima Neves Dos Santos Abrão; Cassia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares; Rory J Tinker; Ramendra Pati Pandey; V. Samuel Raj; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Xutao Deng; Eric Delwart; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Élcio Leal. 2019. "First identification of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 by gut virome analysis in diarrheic child in Brazil." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-7.

Preprint
Published: 10 November 2019
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To evaluate the impact of hypermutation to the HIV-1 dissemination at the population level we studied 7072 sequences HIV-1 gene vif retrieved from public databank. From this dataset 857 sequences were selected because they had associated values of CD4+ T lymphocytes counts and viral loads and they were used to assess the correlation between clinical parameters and hypermutation. We found that the frequency of stop codons at sites 5, 11 and 79 ranged from 2.8×10-4 to 4.2×10-4. On the other hand, at codons 21, 38, 70, 89 and 174 the frequency of stop codons ranged from 1.4×10-3to 2.5×10-3. We also found a correlation between clinical parameters and hypermutation where patients harboring proviruses with one or more stop codons at the tryptophan sites of the gene vif had higher CD4+ T lymphocytes counts and lower viral loads compared to the population. Our findings indicate that A3 activity potentially restrains HIV-1 replication because individuals with hypermutated proviruses tend to have lower numbers of RNA copies. However, owing to the low frequency of hypermutated sequences observed in the databank (44 out 7072), it is unlikely that A3 has a significant impact to curb HIV-1 dissemination at the population level.

ACS Style

Élcio Leal; Fabiola Villanova; Marta Barreiros. Is the tryptophan codon of gene vif the Achilles’ heel of HIV-1? 2019, 837419 .

AMA Style

Élcio Leal, Fabiola Villanova, Marta Barreiros. Is the tryptophan codon of gene vif the Achilles’ heel of HIV-1? . 2019; ():837419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Élcio Leal; Fabiola Villanova; Marta Barreiros. 2019. "Is the tryptophan codon of gene vif the Achilles’ heel of HIV-1?" , no. : 837419.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2019 in Viruses
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We characterized the 24 nearly full-length genomes of human parechoviruses (PeV) from children in the north of Brazil. The initial phylogenetic analysis indicated that 17 strains belonged to genotype 1, 5 to genotype 4, and 1 to genotype 17. A more detailed analysis revealed a high frequency of recombinant strains (58%): A total of 14 of our PeV-As were chimeric, with four distinct recombination patterns identified. Five strains were composed of genotypes 1 and 5 (Rec1/5); five strains shared a complex mosaic pattern formed by genotypes 4, 5, and 17 (Rec4/17/5); two strains were composed of genotypes 1 and 17 (Rec1/17); and two strains were composed of genotype 1 and an undetermined strain (Rec1/und). Coalescent analysis based on the Vp1 gene, which is free of recombination, indicated that the recombinant strains most likely arose in this region approximately 30 years ago. They are present in high frequencies and are circulating in different small and isolated cities in the state of Tocantins. Further studies will be needed to establish whether the detected recombinant strains have been replacing parental strains or if they are co-circulating in distinct frequencies in Tocantins.

ACS Style

Élcio Leal; Adriana Luchs; Flávio Augusto De Pádua Milagres; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Danielle Elise Gill; Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão Lobato; Rafael Brustulin; Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas; Maria De Fátima Neves Dos Santos Abrão; Cássia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares; Fabiola Villanova; Steven S. Witkin; Xutao Deng; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Antônio Charlys Da Costa. Recombinant Strains of Human Parechovirus in Rural Areas in the North of Brazil. Viruses 2019, 11, 488 .

AMA Style

Élcio Leal, Adriana Luchs, Flávio Augusto De Pádua Milagres, Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis, Danielle Elise Gill, Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão Lobato, Rafael Brustulin, Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas, Maria De Fátima Neves Dos Santos Abrão, Cássia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares, Fabiola Villanova, Steven S. Witkin, Xutao Deng, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Eric Delwart, Antônio Charlys Da Costa. Recombinant Strains of Human Parechovirus in Rural Areas in the North of Brazil. Viruses. 2019; 11 (6):488.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Élcio Leal; Adriana Luchs; Flávio Augusto De Pádua Milagres; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Danielle Elise Gill; Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão Lobato; Rafael Brustulin; Rogério Togisaki Das Chagas; Maria De Fátima Neves Dos Santos Abrão; Cássia Vitória De Deus Alves Soares; Fabiola Villanova; Steven S. Witkin; Xutao Deng; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Eric Delwart; Antônio Charlys Da Costa. 2019. "Recombinant Strains of Human Parechovirus in Rural Areas in the North of Brazil." Viruses 11, no. 6: 488.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2019 in Viruses
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Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is one of the most important known viral respiratory pathogens of both young and adult cattle. It is also named "heat stress in transport", causing morbidity and mass death. New variants of BPIV3 have been detected or isolated in China since 2008. Here, we isolate one BPIV3 strain (named BPIV3 BJ) in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells from nasal samples collected in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that our isolate is related to BPIV3 of the genotype A. The comparison of BPIV3-BJ and the reference Chinese isolate NM09 showed that these strains are highly divergent. We found many differences in the amino acid composition in the nucleocapsid (NP) protein among these genotype A strains. Since the NP protein has been implicated in immunization studies, our BPIV3 isolate will be useful for the development of immune assays and vaccine studies. The diversity of BPIV3 lineages that we found in China indicated ongoing evolution for immune escape. Our study highlights the importance of genetic surveillance for determining the effect of BPIV3 variability on pathogen evolution and population-scale immunity.

ACS Style

Élcio Leal; Cun Liu; Zhanzhong Zhao; Yong Deng; Fabiola Villanova; Lin Liang; Jinxiang Li; Shangjin Cui. Isolation of a Divergent Strain of Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (BPIV3) Infecting Cattle in China. Viruses 2019, 11, 489 .

AMA Style

Élcio Leal, Cun Liu, Zhanzhong Zhao, Yong Deng, Fabiola Villanova, Lin Liang, Jinxiang Li, Shangjin Cui. Isolation of a Divergent Strain of Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (BPIV3) Infecting Cattle in China. Viruses. 2019; 11 (6):489.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Élcio Leal; Cun Liu; Zhanzhong Zhao; Yong Deng; Fabiola Villanova; Lin Liang; Jinxiang Li; Shangjin Cui. 2019. "Isolation of a Divergent Strain of Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (BPIV3) Infecting Cattle in China." Viruses 11, no. 6: 489.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in Scientific Reports
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Beginning in late 2016 Brazil faced the worst outbreak of Yellow Fever in recent decades, mainly located in southeastern rural regions of the country. In the present study we characterize the Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) associated with this outbreak in São Paulo State, Brazil. Blood or tissues collected from 430 dead monkeys and 1030 pools containing a total of 5,518 mosquitoes were tested for YFV by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and indirect immunofluorescence. A total of 67 monkeys were YFV-positive and 3 pools yielded YFV following culture in a C6/36 cell line. Analysis of five nearly full length genomes of YFV from collected samples was consistent with evidence that the virus associated with the São Paulo outbreak originated in Minas Gerais. The phylogenetic analysis also showed that strains involved in the 2016–2017 outbreak in distinct Brazilian states (i.e., Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo) intermingled in maximum-likelihood and Bayesian trees. Conversely, the strains detected in São Paulo formed a monophyletic cluster, suggesting that they were local-adapted. The finding of YFV by RT-PCR in five Callithrix monkeys who were all YFV-negative by histopathology or immunohistochemistry suggests that this YFV lineage circulating in Sao Paulo is associated with different outcomes in Callithrix when compared to other monkeys.

ACS Style

Mariana Sequetin Cunha; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Natália Coelho Couto De Azevedo Fernandes; Juliana Mariotti Guerra; Fabiana Cristina Pereira Dos Santos; Juliana Silva Nogueira; Leandro Guariglia D’Agostino; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Steven S. Witkin; Rodrigo Albergaria Ressio; Adriana Yurika Maeda; Fernanda Gisele Silva Vasami; Ursula Mitsue Abreu Kaigawa; Laís Sampaio De Azevedo; Paloma Alana De Souza Facioli; Fernando Luiz De Lima Macedo; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Élcio Leal; Renato Pereira de Souza. Epizootics due to Yellow Fever Virus in São Paulo State, Brazil: viral dissemination to new areas (2016–2017). Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Mariana Sequetin Cunha, Antonio Charlys Da Costa, Natália Coelho Couto De Azevedo Fernandes, Juliana Mariotti Guerra, Fabiana Cristina Pereira Dos Santos, Juliana Silva Nogueira, Leandro Guariglia D’Agostino, Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis, Steven S. Witkin, Rodrigo Albergaria Ressio, Adriana Yurika Maeda, Fernanda Gisele Silva Vasami, Ursula Mitsue Abreu Kaigawa, Laís Sampaio De Azevedo, Paloma Alana De Souza Facioli, Fernando Luiz De Lima Macedo, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Élcio Leal, Renato Pereira de Souza. Epizootics due to Yellow Fever Virus in São Paulo State, Brazil: viral dissemination to new areas (2016–2017). Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariana Sequetin Cunha; Antonio Charlys Da Costa; Natália Coelho Couto De Azevedo Fernandes; Juliana Mariotti Guerra; Fabiana Cristina Pereira Dos Santos; Juliana Silva Nogueira; Leandro Guariglia D’Agostino; Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis; Steven S. Witkin; Rodrigo Albergaria Ressio; Adriana Yurika Maeda; Fernanda Gisele Silva Vasami; Ursula Mitsue Abreu Kaigawa; Laís Sampaio De Azevedo; Paloma Alana De Souza Facioli; Fernando Luiz De Lima Macedo; Ester Cerdeira Sabino; Élcio Leal; Renato Pereira de Souza. 2019. "Epizootics due to Yellow Fever Virus in São Paulo State, Brazil: viral dissemination to new areas (2016–2017)." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-13.