Background: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a widely studied probiotic species; however, probiotic characteristics and safety profiles are strain-specific, requiring independent evaluation. This study characterized Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATA-LPC98052 as a candidate probiotic raw material. Methods: ATA-LPC98052 was evaluated for hemolysis, acid/bile tolerance, Caco-2 adhesion, cytotoxicity, and storage stability. Subacute oral safety was assessed in Wistar rats by gavage for 28 days at 1.2 × 10¹¹ CFU/kg/day; the study design incorporated selected principles of OECD Test Guideline 407. Clinical, hematological, biochemical, organ-weight, and macroscopic endpoints were evaluated. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing; WGS was used for taxonomic confirmation and genomic safety screening. Results: ATA-LPC98052 was γ-hemolytic and maintained 60% viability at pH 1.5 and 96% at pH 5.0, while viability ranged from 74% to 82% across 0.1–0.5% bile salt concentrations. Caco-2 cell viability was 99%, adhesion exceeded 90%, and the lyophilized preparation remained stable for 15 months, maintaining 9.6 log₁₀ CFU/g. Repeated oral administration caused no mortality or consistent treatment-related toxicological pattern. Longitudinal microbiota analysis showed no significant treatment × time effects on alpha diversity or Bray–Curtis community structure, and no genus-level MaAsLin2 association was FDR-significant. WGS confirmed L. plantarum identity and no contamination; ResFinder detected no acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants meeting specified thresholds, whereas CARD/RGI identified low-identity qacJ and vanY homologs requiring cautious interpretation. Conclusion: ATA-LPC98052 demonstrated favorable in vitro probiotic characteristics, technological stability, gut microbiota-modulating potential, and a favorable subacute safety profile under the tested conditions; however, microbiota findings were exploratory, and phenotypic MIC testing remains warranted.

Diaper dermatitis is one of the most common inflammatory skin conditions in infancy. It develops through the combined effects of moisture, friction, irritants, and disruption of the epidermal barrier. This review aimed to evaluate recent evidence on barrier-supportive ingredients used in infant diaper care, with a focus on barrier protection, microbiome-related approaches, and their role in preventing and managing diaper dermatitis. A structured literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified clinical studies involving infants and young children of diaper-wearing age that evaluated diaper-area interventions or implementation strategies and reported diaper dermatitis or related skin outcomes, including erythema, transepidermal water loss, skin pH, and hydration. The final clinical evidence synthesis included 35 independent studies reported in 34 publications. Reviews and relevant experimental or mechanistic studies were used to provide background and biological context but were not considered direct evidence of clinical efficacy in infants. Clinical findings were synthesized narratively according to intervention type, study design, population, outcomes, and key limitations. Direct clinical evidence supports barrier-protective care, appropriate cleansing practices, and diaper-related strategies as core components of diaper dermatitis prevention and management, although findings varied by formulation, population, and outcome. Evidence for botanical and natural topical interventions was formulation-specific and inconsistent across studies. Microbiome-targeted approaches, including postbiotics, are biologically plausible and supported primarily by experimental and mechanistic evidence; however, direct clinical evidence in infant diaper dermatitis remains limited.