Postbiotics are bioactive microbial metabolites recognized for their potential to support skin health and balance the microbiota. In this study, nonwoven fabrics and adult diaper prototypes, with and without postbiotic incorporation, were evaluated for their effects on skin microbiota, epidermal integrity, and cytotoxicity. In vitro assays using reconstructed human epidermis and keratinocyte cell lines demonstrated that postbiotic-containing samples maintained high tissue and cell viability. Microbiota diversity analyses confirmed that postbiotic formulations maintained a favorable ratio of Staphylococcus epidermidis to Staphylococcus aureus. Collectively, these findings indicate that ATA-coded postbiotic-embedded nonwoven and adult diaper prototypes are skin microbiota-friendly, safe for epidermal contact, and stable in their bioactive compound content. These results underscore the potential of postbiotics as functional agents in personal hygiene products to promote skin health.

This study assesses the diaper choices, diapering practices, and irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD) prevention strategies in Turkey and compares them to the practices worldwide. A Computer-Assisted Web Interview was conducted with 306 mothers, nursing their infants between 0 and 3 years. The average daily diaper usage was 6.3, with a higher utilization during daytime. Concerningly, 44.4% of infants exhibited skin issues. In total, 63.7% of parents observed the occurrence of IDD during the first month, with 39.9% indicating its continued presence afterwards. The IDD predominantly affected the buttocks and genitalia. Many parents sought medical advice for IDD. Regarding interventions, 56.9% of parents believed that anti-rash products were effective. The primary reason for brand preference was the presence of an elastic waistband. Parents were willing to adopt a novel anti-rash diaper. The research underscored the widespread occurrence of IDD, emphasizing the susceptibility of young infants. Diapering practices and preventive measures varied across various countries.

Diaper dermatitis is one of the most common inflammatory skin conditions in infancy. It develops through the combined effects of moisture, friction, irritants, and disruption of the epidermal barrier. This review aimed to evaluate recent evidence on barrier-supportive ingredients used in infant diaper care, with a focus on barrier protection, microbiome-related approaches, and their role in preventing and managing diaper dermatitis. A structured literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified clinical studies involving infants and young children of diaper-wearing age that evaluated diaper-area interventions or implementation strategies and reported diaper dermatitis or related skin outcomes, including erythema, transepidermal water loss, skin pH, and hydration. The final clinical evidence synthesis included 35 independent studies reported in 34 publications. Reviews and relevant experimental or mechanistic studies were used to provide background and biological context but were not considered direct evidence of clinical efficacy in infants. Clinical findings were synthesized narratively according to intervention type, study design, population, outcomes, and key limitations. Direct clinical evidence supports barrier-protective care, appropriate cleansing practices, and diaper-related strategies as core components of diaper dermatitis prevention and management, although findings varied by formulation, population, and outcome. Evidence for botanical and natural topical interventions was formulation-specific and inconsistent across studies. Microbiome-targeted approaches, including postbiotics, are biologically plausible and supported primarily by experimental and mechanistic evidence; however, direct clinical evidence in infant diaper dermatitis remains limited.