Objective: To determine the prevalence of mood and eating disorders, chronotype, and social jetlag in a cohort of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A total of 70 patients, 35 with PCOS and 35 healthy controls, aged between 18 and 40 years, were included in the study. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. Five different questionnaires, namely the “Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ)”, “Social Jetlag Status (SJL)”, “Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ)”, “Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)”, and “Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)”, were administered to patients with and without PCOS, and the “total questionnaire scores” of both groups were compared. Results: In addition to BMI (p = 0.004), serum insulin (p < 0.001), HOMAIR (p < 0.001), total testosterone (p = 0.006), DHEAS (p = 0.004), and LH (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in the controls. BAI (p = 0.006), BDI (p = 0.007), and NEQ (p = 0.013) scores of participants with PCOS were significantly higher than those in the control group, while MEQ scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (p = 0.005). When categorized according to the total test scores, the number of individuals with moderate and severe anxiety was significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (p = 0.030). Morningness was significantly lower in the PCOS group than in the control group, whereas eveningness was higher than that in the control group (p = 0.013). There was no difference between the PCOS and control groups in terms of the number of individuals with SJL ≥ 2 h and night eating disorders. The NEQ score was positively correlated with BAI, BMI, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Both the BDI and BAI scores were positively correlated with BMI, HOMA-IR, and total testosterone levels. Conclusions: PCOS can lead to mood, appetite, and circadian rhythm issues through variations in chronotype. PCOS-related endocrine, metabolic, and adiposity factors influence mood, eating habits, and chronotype disorders.

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between chronotype, social jetlag (SJL), sleep duration, night eating syndrome, and mood disorders with the presence of GDM. Methods: This prospective observational comparative study included 170 pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation (85 with GDM and 85 controls). Participants completed the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Social Jetlag Status Determination Form, Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Group comparisons were performed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of GDM. Results: Social jetlag ≥ 2 h, higher depression and anxiety scores, morning chronotype, and sleep duration ≤ 7 h were more frequent in the GDM group in unadjusted analyses ( p < 0.05). However, in the multivariable model, only body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.03–1.30, p = 0.013) and sleep duration (OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.21–0.50, p < 0.001) remained independently associated with GDM. Psychological scores, social jetlag, chronotype, and CRP were not independently associated after adjustment. Conclusion: Short sleep duration and higher BMI were independently associated with GDM, whereas mood symptoms and social jetlag did not demonstrate independent effects after adjustment. These findings suggest that adequate sleep duration may represent a potentially modifiable factor related to GDM risk. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm these associations.

Objective: Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) are frequently encountered in pregnancy and can lead to serious maternal and fetal complications if neglected. This study aims to determine the frequency of NVP and related factors in Rize. Material and Methods: In this prospective study, the severity and frequency of NVP were determined by scoring pregnant women between 5-20 weeks of gestation, using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) scoring system. Pregnant women with a PUQUE score below 7 were defined as the mild NVP group, and a score of 7 and above was defined as the moderate and severe NVP group. Demographic data and blood electrolyte levels were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 221 pregnant women were included. The frequency of moderate-severe NVP was found to be 10% (n = 22). The frequency of hyperemesis gravidarum was 2% (n=4). The average body mass index of pregnant women with moderate-severe NVP symptoms was found to be higher than that of pregnant women with mild symptoms (p<0.001). The average blood sodium and potassium levels of pregnant women with moderate-severe NVP were found to be lower (p=0.003 and <0.001). Conclusion: The frequency of NVP in Rize province is similar to the literature. Increased body mass index may be associated with the frequency of NVP. Electrolyte imbalances may occur in the blood of these pregnant women. For this reason, all pregnant women should be carefully evaluated in terms of NVP, and treatments should be planned to eliminate electrolyte imbalances in patients.

Objective: Abnormal uterine bleeding is an important symptom frequently encountered in the gynecology outpatient clinic. In our study, it was aimed to determine the endometrial pathologies that cause abnormal uterine bleeding. Material and methods: The pathology results of patients who applied to our clinic with the complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding and underwent endometrial sampling were retrospectively analyzed. Findings were classified and compared according to whether the patients were in the postmenopausal or premenopausal period. Results: A total of 878 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 47.59±7.91/year. The most common symptom was menometrorrhagia 58.1%. The most common pathological finding was endometrial polyp in both premenopausal and postmenopausal patients (29.69% and 24.31%). The incidence of premalignant and malignant lesions was 2.7% in premenopausal patients and 8.25% in postmenopausal patients. Conclusion: Abnormal uterine bleeding may be associated with malignancies in both postmenopausal and premenopausal patients. Performing endometrial sampling in patients presenting with this symptom is of great importance in providing early diagnosis and treatment of malignant and premalignant lesions.

Aim: Prediction of severity of COVID 19 infection in pregnant population is very important to management. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between COVID 19 infection severity and routine hematologic/biochemical laboratory tests. Material and Method: In this retrospective study the hematologic parameters of pregnant women with COVID 19 were investigated. The patients were allocated into 5 subgroups as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical. Presenting symptoms were identified. Laboratory test results detected at the first admission were compared between groups. Results: A total of 343 patients were included in the study. The most common symptoms were cough (n=74, %21.6) and fatigue (n=46, %13.4). Statistically significant differences observed at following parameters. The mean Hb level was lower (p=0.001) and WBC, neutrophil, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin levels were higher in critical group (p=, 0.005, 0.001, 0.000, 0.015, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.007 respectively). The mean lymphocyte and monocytes levels in the severe group were lower (p=0.000, 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the mean eosinophil levels in the asymptomatic group was higher (p=0.002). Conclusion Low Hb, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil levels and high WBC, neutrophil, ALT, AST, GGT, total bilirubin and LDH levels are associated with more severe disease. Monitoring of these tests may provide guidance for the prediction of the severity of the COVID 19 infection among pregnant women. Key Words: Complete Blood Count, COVID 19, laboratory, pregnancy, symptom, Conclusion Low Hb, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil levels and high WBC, neutrophil, ALT, AST, GGT, total bilirubin and LDH levels are associated with more severe disease. Monitoring of these tests may provide guidance for the prediction of the severity of the COVID 19 infection among pregnant women.