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The prime objective of the present study is to test the effect of COVID-19 fear on the mental condition of nurses in the public health sector of Pakistan. This study seeks to measure the psychological distress, anxiety, and psychological well-being of nurses due to fear of COVID-19 and exposure to COVID-19. This research further reveals the moderating role of “social support” in the link between COVID-19 fear, exposure and mental health. Through a convenient sampling technique, 250 sample contributors were chosen from 12 public hospitals. The results were obtained by applying multiple regression and moderation analysis by SPSS and the Hayes process. The outcomes indicated that fear of exposure to COVID-19 affects the mental health of nurses. The findings also discovered that social support is not very constructive in the pandemic. However, we suggested that social support is the best weapon to encourage nurses to relieve their fear and minimize negative emotions.
Xinxing Xu; Faiza Manzoor; Shaoping Jiang; Ayesha Mumtaz. Unpacking the Mental Health of Nurses during COVID-19: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 3546 .
AMA StyleXinxing Xu, Faiza Manzoor, Shaoping Jiang, Ayesha Mumtaz. Unpacking the Mental Health of Nurses during COVID-19: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (16):3546.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinxing Xu; Faiza Manzoor; Shaoping Jiang; Ayesha Mumtaz. 2021. "Unpacking the Mental Health of Nurses during COVID-19: Evidence from Pakistan." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16: 3546.
Extending studies of the adverse effects of SARS-2 coronavirus on general health consequences, this research explores complexities related to the mental health of the elderly as a result of pandemic-related stress. The study addresses this issue by using resilience theory to examine the effects of fear and exposure related to COVID-19 and depression. Besides, our study examines the moderating effects of self-efficacy in order to provide an understanding of how the coping abilities of the elderly may mitigate the effect of stress levels on mental health during pandemics. Our model is tested by analysing the survey data collected from Rawalpindi, a metropolitan city in Pakistan. The main results of the study confirm the positive association of pandemic-related fear and exposure virus with depression. However, self-efficacy shows a negative direct effect on depression, and the findings also confirm the moderation effect of self-efficacy on the fear of COVID-19 and depression, but the moderation effect of self-efficacy on COVID-19 exposure and depression is not supported. Based on the outcomes, some severe geriatric care policies that could weaken the pandemic-related fear, exposure to the virus, and depression are recommended.
Ayesha Mumtaz; Faiza Manzoor; Shaoping Jiang; Mohammad Anisur Rahaman. COVID-19 and Mental Health: A Study of Stress, Resilience, and Depression among the Older Population in Pakistan. Healthcare 2021, 9, 424 .
AMA StyleAyesha Mumtaz, Faiza Manzoor, Shaoping Jiang, Mohammad Anisur Rahaman. COVID-19 and Mental Health: A Study of Stress, Resilience, and Depression among the Older Population in Pakistan. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (4):424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyesha Mumtaz; Faiza Manzoor; Shaoping Jiang; Mohammad Anisur Rahaman. 2021. "COVID-19 and Mental Health: A Study of Stress, Resilience, and Depression among the Older Population in Pakistan." Healthcare 9, no. 4: 424.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are considered as the fundamental tool for economic growth, nevertheless, they face continuous financing challenges. SMEs are a major source for generating employment, creation of wealth and alleviating poverty from the rural regions in developing countries. Their access to finance is key to the expansion of this sector. The paper aims to discover the intervening role of “access of SMEs to finance” in the link between SME’s evolution and rural development, in the context of Pakistan. In total 338 entrepreneurs operating SMEs in rural areas completed a survey for the study. Through a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique, entrepreneurs were selected from three districts. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test hypotheses. This study shows that SME’s evolution has a positive and optimistic influence on rural development. Further, the study also reveals that on SME’s progress a positive influence happens by the “access of SMEs to finance”. Particularly, the study finds that “access of SMEs to finance” significantly mediated the effect of SME’s evolution on rural development. The findings of this paper hold significant implications for both the research society and loan-issuing institutions and departments.
Faiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Noman Sahito. The role of SMEs in rural development: Access of SMEs to finance as a mediator. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0247598 .
AMA StyleFaiza Manzoor, Longbao Wei, Noman Sahito. The role of SMEs in rural development: Access of SMEs to finance as a mediator. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (3):e0247598.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Noman Sahito. 2021. "The role of SMEs in rural development: Access of SMEs to finance as a mediator." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3: e0247598.
This study examines the relationships between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and economic growth in Pakistan from 1990 to 2019. It focuses on SMEs and the other factors responsible for the economic growth by evaluating their effects in the long-run and short-run by employing the autoregressive distributed lag bounds cointegration approach. In the long-run, the SME's output, human development index, and credit to the SME sector's expansion are identified as the main driving force behind economic growth. However, in the short-run, SME's output, human development index, credit to SME, and annual export rate are the main drivers of economic development. Empirical results are important to policy makers to promote, stimulate and support the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises through their strategies.
Faiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Mahwish Siraj. Small and medium-sized enterprises and economic growth in Pakistan: An ARDL bounds cointegration approach. Heliyon 2021, 7, e06340 .
AMA StyleFaiza Manzoor, Longbao Wei, Mahwish Siraj. Small and medium-sized enterprises and economic growth in Pakistan: An ARDL bounds cointegration approach. Heliyon. 2021; 7 (2):e06340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Mahwish Siraj. 2021. "Small and medium-sized enterprises and economic growth in Pakistan: An ARDL bounds cointegration approach." Heliyon 7, no. 2: e06340.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships between ethical leadership, affective commitment, work engagement, and employees’ creativity. Data were obtained from 233 Chinese public sector employees in three separate waves. By using structural equation modeling, we found positive and significant association between ethical leadership and employee creativity. Additionally, we found evidence of parallel mediation, where affective commitment and work engagement mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and employee creativity. To be precise, we found that ethical leadership influences affective commitment and work engagement which subsequently induces followers to exhibit creativity in their work. The findings of this study reveal that both affective commitment and work engagement play a pivotal role through which ethical leaders can enhance their followers’ creative behaviors.
Muhammad Asif; Qing Miao; Arif Jameel; Faiza Manzoor; Abid Hussain. How ethical leadership influence employee creativity: A parallel multiple mediation model. Current Psychology 2020, 1 -17.
AMA StyleMuhammad Asif, Qing Miao, Arif Jameel, Faiza Manzoor, Abid Hussain. How ethical leadership influence employee creativity: A parallel multiple mediation model. Current Psychology. 2020; ():1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Asif; Qing Miao; Arif Jameel; Faiza Manzoor; Abid Hussain. 2020. "How ethical leadership influence employee creativity: A parallel multiple mediation model." Current Psychology , no. : 1-17.
Longbao Wei; Faiza Manzoor. SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH:\r\nEVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN. PONTE International Scientific Researches Journal 2020, 76, 1 .
AMA StyleLongbao Wei, Faiza Manzoor. SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH:\r\nEVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN. PONTE International Scientific Researches Journal. 2020; 76 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLongbao Wei; Faiza Manzoor. 2020. "SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH:\r\nEVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN." PONTE International Scientific Researches Journal 76, no. 7: 1.
The key objective of the formation of the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is to join hands collectively for slow economic growth, poverty eradication, deprived health and education sectors. In the 12th SAARC Summit, it has been declared that poverty eradication is the main area of concentration and SAARC countries would strive their best to minimize all types of poverty with the help of any possible strategy. The main objectives of the current study are to evaluate the development of the agenda of poverty eradication in SAARC countries through small and medium enterprise (SME) development because it would be considered as a short-routed remedy to mitigate poverty. The poorest 20% income holder as a percentage of GDP has been used as the proxy for poverty in the SAARC region. SME development has been measured through the SME share in GDP in respective countries. The panel dataset has been developed for the period of 1990 to 2015. The fixed effect method (FEM) and regression equation techniques were used to analyse the observed data. The results of the FEM were misleading. The regression equations for the respective countries were used for empirical analysis. The results have identified that there are three main factors that are essential in reducing poverty in the SAARC region: SME growth, openness of trade and social sector development.
Faiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Mohammad Nurunnabi; Qazi Abdul Subhan. Role of SME in Poverty Alleviation in SAARC Region via Panel Data Analysis. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6480 .
AMA StyleFaiza Manzoor, Longbao Wei, Mohammad Nurunnabi, Qazi Abdul Subhan. Role of SME in Poverty Alleviation in SAARC Region via Panel Data Analysis. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6480.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Mohammad Nurunnabi; Qazi Abdul Subhan. 2019. "Role of SME in Poverty Alleviation in SAARC Region via Panel Data Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6480.
In the global economy, tourism is one of the most noticeable and growing sectors. Thissector plays an important role in boosting a nation’s economy. An increase in tourism flow canbring positive economic outcomes to the nations, especially in gross domestic product (GDP) andemployment opportunities. In South Asian countries, the tourism industry is an engine ofeconomic development and GDP growth. This study investigates the impact of tourism onPakistan’s economic growth and employment. The period under study was from 1990 to 2015. Tocheck whether the variables under study were stationary, augmented Dickey–Fuller andPhillips–Perron unit root tests were applied. A regression technique and Johansen cointegrationapproach were employed for the analysis of data. The key finding of this study shows that there isa positive and significant impact of tourism on Pakistan’s economic growth as well as employmentsector and there is also a long‐run relationship among the variables under study. This studysuggests that legislators should focus on the policies with special emphasis on the promotion oftourism due to its great potential throughout the country. Policy implications of this recent studyand future research suggestions are also mentioned.
Faiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Muhammad Asif; Muhammad Zia Ul Haq; Hafiz Ur Rehman. The Contribution of Sustainable Tourism to Economic Growth and Employment in Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3785 .
AMA StyleFaiza Manzoor, Longbao Wei, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Zia Ul Haq, Hafiz Ur Rehman. The Contribution of Sustainable Tourism to Economic Growth and Employment in Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (19):3785.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Muhammad Asif; Muhammad Zia Ul Haq; Hafiz Ur Rehman. 2019. "The Contribution of Sustainable Tourism to Economic Growth and Employment in Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19: 3785.
Patient satisfaction is a measure of the extent to which a patient is content with the health care they received from their health care provider. Patient satisfaction is one of the most important factors to determine the success of a health care facility. The purpose of this study was to determine patient satisfaction with healthcare services and encompass the physician’s behavior as moderation between patient satisfaction and healthcare services. The study seeks to measure the health care services, like a laboratory and diagnostic care, preventive healthcare and prenatal care, to patient satisfaction in the public health sectors of Pakistan. A descriptive survey research design was used for this study. The target population was patients from the out-patient department (OPD) of three public hospitals from Pakistan. By using the convenient sampling technique, 290 sample participants were selected from the target population. The reliability scales were tallied by using Cronbach’s Alpha. The findings of the study are gleaned by using regression to explore patient satisfaction with the health care services, and whether or not the physician’s behavior moderates the link of patient satisfaction and healthcare services. SPSS Hayes process was used for the moderation effect of the physician’s behavior. The main results of the regression analysis validate that health care services, such as laboratory and diagnostic care, preventive healthcare, and prenatal care, have a significant and positive effect on patient satisfaction. Specifically, the study suggests that the physician’s behavior significantly moderates the effect of health care services on the satisfaction of patients. The overall opinions about the satisfaction level of patients for the availability of health services in the hospitals were good. The degree of satisfaction was satisfactory with respect to laboratory and diagnostic care, preventive healthcare, and prenatal care services. Based on the outcomes, the study confirms that the proposed hypotheses are statistically significant. Furthermore, the directions for future research of the study are offered.
Faiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Abid Hussain; Muhammad Asif; Syed Irshad Ali Shah. Patient Satisfaction with Health Care Services; An Application of Physician’s Behavior as a Moderator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3318 .
AMA StyleFaiza Manzoor, Longbao Wei, Abid Hussain, Muhammad Asif, Syed Irshad Ali Shah. Patient Satisfaction with Health Care Services; An Application of Physician’s Behavior as a Moderator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (18):3318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Abid Hussain; Muhammad Asif; Syed Irshad Ali Shah. 2019. "Patient Satisfaction with Health Care Services; An Application of Physician’s Behavior as a Moderator." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3318.
This paper aimed to investigate the relationships between participative leadership (PL), administrative quality (AQ), medical quality (MQ), and patient satisfaction (PS) using the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Healthcare Criteria (MBNQA) criteria. The study further examined the intervening influence of administrative quality and medical quality on the relationship between participative leadership and patient satisfaction. The data was obtained from 123 public sector hospitals in Pakistan. We employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques to test the structural model. From the study results, we found significant and positive relationships between participative, administrative quality, medical quality, and patient satisfaction. In addition, our research found administrative quality and medical quality as potential mediators on PL-PS relation. Adopting participative leadership as an exogenous factor, and both administrative and medical quality as potential mediators of patient satisfaction, provided new insights into MBNQA criteria.
Muhammad Asif; Arif Jameel; Noman Sahito; Jinsoo Hwang; Abid Hussain; Faiza Manzoor. Can Leadership Enhance Patient Satisfaction? Assessing the Role of Administrative and Medical Quality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3212 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Asif, Arif Jameel, Noman Sahito, Jinsoo Hwang, Abid Hussain, Faiza Manzoor. Can Leadership Enhance Patient Satisfaction? Assessing the Role of Administrative and Medical Quality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (17):3212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Asif; Arif Jameel; Noman Sahito; Jinsoo Hwang; Abid Hussain; Faiza Manzoor. 2019. "Can Leadership Enhance Patient Satisfaction? Assessing the Role of Administrative and Medical Quality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17: 3212.
The objective of the paper is to analyze the perception of sustainable performance of entrepreneurs being owners-managers of small businesses. The research tool was the questionnaire.
Piotr Tomski; Faiza Manzoor. Sustainability of a Small Firm – the Entrepreneurial Perspective. Quality Production Improvement - QPI 2019, 1, 139 -146.
AMA StylePiotr Tomski, Faiza Manzoor. Sustainability of a Small Firm – the Entrepreneurial Perspective. Quality Production Improvement - QPI. 2019; 1 (1):139-146.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Tomski; Faiza Manzoor. 2019. "Sustainability of a Small Firm – the Entrepreneurial Perspective." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1: 139-146.
This study attempts to examine the role of sustainable Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on job performance and encompasses training as a moderator variable to further evaluate the association among HRM practices and employee’s job performance.The study seeks to measure the effect of selection, participation, and employee empowerment on job performance in the publicly owned universities of Pakistan. The descriptive survey research design was utilized for this study. The target population was the entire teaching staff of two publicly owned universities (namely “The University of Agriculture Peshawar” and “Hazara University Mansehra” Pakistan). By using a convenient sampling technique, 130 sample participants were selected from the target population. The reliability scales were tallied by using Cronbach’s Alpha. The findings of the study are gleaned by using regression to investigate the role of HRM practices in job performance and whether training moderated the association between HRM practices and employee performance. Through Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS), Hayes process was used regarding the moderation effect of training between HRM practices and job performance. The main results of regression analysis validate that HRM practices, such as selection, participation, and employee empowerment, have a significant and positive effect on employee job performance. Specifically, the study suggests that training significantly moderates the effect of HRM practices on the performance of employees and that sustainability of HRM practices has a great impact on job performance. Based on the outcomes the study confirms that the proposed hypotheses are statistically significant. Furthermore, directions for future research are offered.
Faiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Tamás Bányai; Mohammad Nurunnabi; Qazi Abdul Subhan. An Examination of Sustainable HRM Practices on Job Performance: An Application of Training as a Moderator. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2263 .
AMA StyleFaiza Manzoor, Longbao Wei, Tamás Bányai, Mohammad Nurunnabi, Qazi Abdul Subhan. An Examination of Sustainable HRM Practices on Job Performance: An Application of Training as a Moderator. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Tamás Bányai; Mohammad Nurunnabi; Qazi Abdul Subhan. 2019. "An Examination of Sustainable HRM Practices on Job Performance: An Application of Training as a Moderator." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2263.
In the context of Industry 4.0, the matrix production concept represents revolutionary solutions from a technological and logistics point of view. In a matrix production system, flexible, configurable production and assembly cells are arranged in a grid layout, and the in-plant supply is based on autonomous vehicles. Adaptable and flexible material handling solutions are required to perform the dynamically changing supply-demands of standardized and categorized manufacturing and assembly cells. Within the frame of this paper, the authors describe the in-plant supply process of matrix production and the optimization potential in these processes. After a systematic literature review, this paper introduces the structure of matrix production as a cyber-physical system focusing on logistics aspects. A mathematical model of this in-plant supply process is described including extended and real-time optimization from routing, assignment, and scheduling points of view. The optimization problem described in the model is an NP-hard problem. There are no known efficient analytical methods to find the best solution for this kind of problem; therefore, we use heuristics to find a suitable solution for the above-described problem. Next, a sequential black hole–floral pollination heuristic algorithm is described. The scenario analysis, which focuses on the clustering and routing aspects of supply demands in a matrix production system, validates the model and evaluates its performance to increase cost-efficiency and warrants environmental awareness of the in-plant supply in matrix production.
Ágota Bányai; Béla Illés; Elke Glistau; Norge Isaias Coello Machado; Péter Tamás; Faiza Manzoor; Tamás Bányai. Smart Cyber-Physical Manufacturing: Extended and Real-Time Optimization of Logistics Resources in Matrix Production. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1287 .
AMA StyleÁgota Bányai, Béla Illés, Elke Glistau, Norge Isaias Coello Machado, Péter Tamás, Faiza Manzoor, Tamás Bányai. Smart Cyber-Physical Manufacturing: Extended and Real-Time Optimization of Logistics Resources in Matrix Production. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (7):1287.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁgota Bányai; Béla Illés; Elke Glistau; Norge Isaias Coello Machado; Péter Tamás; Faiza Manzoor; Tamás Bányai. 2019. "Smart Cyber-Physical Manufacturing: Extended and Real-Time Optimization of Logistics Resources in Matrix Production." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7: 1287.
Leadership style is an important factor that affects the enhancement of organizational performance and employee’s job performance, and what objectives they should pursue, which also makes a profit for their employees or makes another social and economic contribution to society. The present study was developed to observe the impact of transformational leadership on job performance and to investigate the mediating mechanism of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Primary data were collected from the employees by using a cross-sectional design method. Employees who participated in the study are working in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Pakistan. A total of 300 questionnaires were circulated, and 130 were received. The Regression analysis was executed to examine whether CSR mediated the correlation among transformational leadership and job performance. The results of the study suggest that transformational leadership positively and completely predicts job performance. Particularly, the study finds that CSR significantly mediated the effect of transformational leadership on job performance. On the basis of these findings, it can be explicated that transformational leadership, job performances, and CSR are important elements of an organization. These elements can improve organizational performance. Theoretical implications of the recent study are discussed, and offer directions for future research in the area.
Faiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Mohammad Nurunnabi; Qazi Abdul Subhan; Syed Irshad Ali Shah; Samaher Fallatah. The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Job Performance and CSR as Mediator in SMEs. Sustainability 2019, 11, 436 .
AMA StyleFaiza Manzoor, Longbao Wei, Mohammad Nurunnabi, Qazi Abdul Subhan, Syed Irshad Ali Shah, Samaher Fallatah. The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Job Performance and CSR as Mediator in SMEs. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (2):436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Mohammad Nurunnabi; Qazi Abdul Subhan; Syed Irshad Ali Shah; Samaher Fallatah. 2019. "The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Job Performance and CSR as Mediator in SMEs." Sustainability 11, no. 2: 436.
Longbao Wei; Faiza Manzoor; Abdul Latif. Review of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Subsequent Development and Economic Growth. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018) 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleLongbao Wei, Faiza Manzoor, Abdul Latif. Review of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Subsequent Development and Economic Growth. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018). 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLongbao Wei; Faiza Manzoor; Abdul Latif. 2018. "Review of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Subsequent Development and Economic Growth." Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018) , no. : 1.
Faiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei. A Review of China- Pakistan Economic Corridor and Tourism Opportunities. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018) 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleFaiza Manzoor, Longbao Wei. A Review of China- Pakistan Economic Corridor and Tourism Opportunities. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018). 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei. 2018. "A Review of China- Pakistan Economic Corridor and Tourism Opportunities." Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018) , no. : 1.
Faiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Abdul Latif; Syed Irshad Ali Shah. A review on one belt one road-China Pakistan economic corridor and its policy implications. Proceedings of the Second International Conference On Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2017) 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleFaiza Manzoor, Longbao Wei, Abdul Latif, Syed Irshad Ali Shah. A review on one belt one road-China Pakistan economic corridor and its policy implications. Proceedings of the Second International Conference On Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2017). 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaiza Manzoor; Longbao Wei; Abdul Latif; Syed Irshad Ali Shah. 2017. "A review on one belt one road-China Pakistan economic corridor and its policy implications." Proceedings of the Second International Conference On Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2017) , no. : 1.