The pipeline system in the oil and gas industry is the heart for transportation of crude and refined petroleum. Nevertheless, continuous exposure of the pipeline surfaces to impurities and sources of corrosion such as sulfur and chromate is totally unavoidable. Vast employment of commercial corrosion inhibitors to minimize the corrosion is being restrained due to toxicity towards the environment. The emergence of “green” chemistry has led to the use of plant extracts and fruit wastes which have proven to be good corrosion inhibitors. This paper aims to provide insight into carrying out further investigation under this research theme for accurate inhibition efficiency measurement.

When crude oil is extracted out of a subterranean reservoir at high temperature and pressure, it is usually transported via a pipeline, where the crude oil experiences radical changes in its physical and chemical properties, instigating numerous complications. Among the various flow assurance problems, wax deposition and build up are among the most commonly found. However, the accurate mechanism of wax deposition is still unclear and is widely debated among researchers. The mechanism under multiphase conditions is also an ambiguity. This review covers the six wax deposition mechanisms, the challenges in multiphase flow conditions, the latest types of chemical inhibitor, and a summary of factors governing chemical inhibitor performance.

Optimizing the process parameters of biodiesel production is the key to maximizing biodiesel yields. In this study, artificial neural network models integrated with ant colony optimization were developed to optimize the parameters of the two-step Cerbera manghas biodiesel production process: (1) esterification and (2) transesterification. The parameters of esterification and transesterification processes were optimized to minimize the acid value and maximize the C. manghas biodiesel yield, respectively. There was excellent agreement between the average experimental values and those predicted by the artificial neural network models, indicating their reliability. These models will be useful to predict the optimum process parameters, reducing the trial and error of conventional experimentation. The kinetic study was conducted to understand the mechanism of the transesterification process and, lastly, the model could measure the physicochemical properties of the C. manghas biodiesel.

Water-based mud is known as an environmental-friendly drilling fluid system. The formulation of water-based mud is designed to have specific rheological properties under specific oil field conditions. In this study, graphene nanoplatelet and silver nanoparticle (nanosilver) were added to a water-based mud formulation in which they act as drilling mud additives. Rheological properties measurements and filtration tests were conducted for evaluating the influence of the added nanoparticles. The results showed that the graphene nanoplatelet and the nanosilver increased the plastic viscosity (PV) by up to 89.2% and 64.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, both the yield point (YP) and the fluid loss values were reduced. In addition, we believe this is the first result ever report where nanosilver is utilized for enhancing-enhanced water-based mud’s performance.

In empowering the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal, the oil industry is inclined toward organic wax inhibitor applications when combatting the wax deposition issue during crude oil production. This is because synthetic chemical inhibitors are costly and have the potential to create environmental problems when oil spillage or seepage occurs during transportation or operation. This study evaluates the impact of lowcost, natural plant-based inhibitors such as Jatropha seed oil (JSO), crude palm oil, and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) on paraffin inhibition efficiency (PIE, %) and rheological properties of Malaysian waxy crude oil. By using cold finger equipment and a Fann viscometer, the amount of solid wax deposits, apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield value, and gel strength were determined. Commercialized ethylene -co-vinyl acetate and triethanolamine compounds were used for a comparative study. For the wax deposition test, the results revealed that the highest average PIE obtained was 86.30% when 5% JSO was blended with Penara crude oil. Meanwhile, the rheological test proved that 5% JSO and 1% CPKO were acting as highest viscosity-reducing agents at 60 degrees C below the wax appearance temperature (WAT). The discovery of palm-based and Jatropha-based inhibitors from Malaysia's palm oil plantation and Malaysian JSO as a wax inhibitor was found to be beneficial for the application of wax deposition and rheological studies in crude oil production with a less harmful environment for sustainable energy production.