(1) Background: Poisonings in children are common reasons for addressing ED and can potentially have serious complications. Our research aims to review risk factors leading to poisoning in children. (2) Methods: A retrospective review of all pediatric poisoning cases addressing the Children’s emergency department of St Mary Hospital over a two-year period was performed. (3) Results: We collected data on 797 children admitted for acute poisoning. The highest incidence identified was in the 12–18 and 1–3-year-old age groups. The distribution of voluntary versus unintentional poisonings was relatively balanced: 50.19% versus 47.43% (for some cases the type of intoxication remained unknown). Exposure to the toxic substance by ingestion was significant compared to the other routes, with an incidence of 87.1%. Acute poisoning happened at home in 70.4% of cases. A known risk factor before reaching the ED was present in 13.04%. (4) Conclusions: Our study showed a greater risk for acute poisoning in children between 1–3 years of age, and adolescents over 12 years. Identifying and documenting epidemiological aspects and other variables is important for establishing preventive measures and for therapeutic conduct. Adequate risk stratification and preventive measures involving closer supervision of minors or cognitive-behavioral programs can prevent voluntary intoxication.

(1) Background: The perfusion index (PI) represents the ratio between pulsatile blood flow and non-pulsatile blood flow in the peripheral tissue. (2) We aimed to investigate the blood pressure perfusion of tissues and organs in ethnobotanical, synthetic cannabinoid and cannabis derivative consumers through the value of perfusion index. (3) Results: The patients enrolled were divided into two groups: group A, which included all patients who presented in the ED within the first three hours after consumption, and group B, which included those patients who presented more than three hours and up to 12 h after drug consumption. The average values of the PI in the case of group A/group B were 1.51 ± 1.07/4.55 ± 3.66. Statistically significant correlations in both groups were recorded between the drug intake ED admission, respiratory rate, peripheral blood oxygen saturation and tissue perfusion index (p < 0.001). The average value of the PI measured in group A was significantly lower compared to that measured in patients in group B. Therefore, we concluded that the perfusion of peripheral organs and tissues was lower in the first 3 h after drug administration. (4) Conclusions: PI plays an important role in the early detection of impaired organ perfusion and in monitoring tissue hypoxia. A decreased PI value may be an early indication of decreased perfusion organ damage.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation driven by dysregulated immune responses in gut microbiota. Interleukin (IL)-23, a member of IL-12 cytokine family, has emerged as a key immune mediator, being produced mainly by macrophages from the intestinal mucosa. In recent years, vitamin D has become a pivotal immunomodulatory factor in IBD, vitamin D deficiency being commonly associated with this pathology. The immune effects of vitamin D are mediated through vitamin D receptor (VDR), widely expressed in macrophages and other immune cells. VDR signaling regulates pro-inflammatory macrophage activity and limits M1 polarization, therefore reducing IL-23 production and limiting Th17 driven inflammatory response. This review summarizes current evidence on the role of macrophage-derived IL-23 in IBD pathogenesis and highlights the modulatory effects of vitamin D/VDR signaling. In addition, it addresses the therapeutic relevance of targeting the VDR–macrophage–IL-23 axis in IBD.

Background: Medical emergencies occur at varying rates across the globe. Given the significant effort invested in identifying them and assessing dentists’ preparedness to deliver treatment in these life-threatening conditions, a global overview was needed. Materials and Methods: In this scoping review, data from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were examined to identify all relevant studies reporting on the impact of medical emergencies on dentists and determine their operational preparedness at a national or regional level. Operational preparedness was determined in accordance with existing emergency operational preparedness frameworks across six domains: Anticipate, Assess, Prevent, Prepare, Respond, and Recover. Significant Findings: Global data show that dentists will invariably encounter medical emergencies across their careers. However, our investigation found that in countries where there is strong foundational training and regular refresher training, fewer frequent emergencies and stronger operational preparedness are reported. Governmental regulation emerged as a key facilitator of operational preparedness. Still, barriers exist, primarily limited access to medical emergency courses, shortages of office supplies for emergency drugs and materials, and the absence of medical emergency registries. Conclusions: A reassessment of the medical emergency training courses’ content appropriateness is paramount. Training interventions should also focus on raising awareness about the importance of preventive measures and office optimization through planning. Further research is needed to identify any overlooked facilitators and barriers to operational preparedness in medical emergencies. This will help identify opportunities for improvement and minimize the impact of emergencies on dental practices.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have rapidly expanded across the continuum of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), with growing evidence of their contribution to improving early recognition, intervention quality, and post-cardiac arrest outcomes. This narrative review synthesizes the current advancements and challenges in AI/ML-enhanced resuscitation science. Methods: A targeted literature search was conducted in Web of Science for the period 2018–2025 using the keywords “artificial intelligence” and “cardiopulmonary resuscitation”. The search identified studies addressing AI/ML applications across the resuscitation pathway, which were reviewed and categorized according to the American Heart Association’s Chain of Survival—prevention and preparedness, activation of the emergency response system, high-quality CPR including early defibrillation, advanced resuscitation interventions, post-cardiac arrest care, and recovery. Results: The literature demonstrates substantial promise for AI/ML in several domains: (1) early recognition and timely activation of emergency medical services through real-time detection algorithms; (2) optimization of high-quality CPR, including feedback systems, automated assessment of chest compressions, and prediction of defibrillation success; (3) support for advanced resuscitation interventions, such as rhythm classification, prognostication, and intra-arrest decision support; (4) post-cardiac arrest care, including outcome prediction and neuroprognostication; and (5) integrative and cross-domain approaches that link multiple phases of resuscitation into end-to-end AI-supported systems. Emerging work also highlights the role of AI in education and training, with applications in simulation, assessment, and skill reinforcement. Conclusions: AI/ML technologies hold significant potential to augment clinical performance across all links of the Chain of Survival. Their effective implementation requires attention to ethical considerations, data representativeness, and real-world validation. Future research should prioritize multicenter datasets, transparency, bias mitigation, and clinically embedded evaluation frameworks to ensure that AI/ML systems support safe, equitable, and high-impact resuscitation care.

Background and Objectives: Trauma is a frequent cause of emergency healthcare requests that requires timely intervention and transport to definitive care, ideally within the first 60 min. On-scene time is considered a modifiable component of the prehospital phase and holds the greatest potential for optimizing prehospital operational time. However, factors contributing to on-scene delays are emerging across different trauma systems, highlighting the need to optimize operational efforts. Data on these factors vary across settings and have rarely been explored in Europe. Romania is an Eastern European country with a distinct demographic distribution and a unique emergency healthcare system. This study aims to evaluate compliance with the golden hour of prehospital trauma care and factors associated with on-scene and total prehospital operational time in Iasi County, Romania. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from the electronic dispatch registry from Iasi County was performed for cases dating from January 2025 to February 2026. Data regarding demographics, trauma characteristics, and operational data were retrieved. Generalized linear modeling was used to investigate associations of total prehospital time or on-scene time with demographic and case-specific factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with total prehospital time exceeding 60 min and on-scene time of 20 min or more. Further sensitivity analyses were performed to account for scene complexity. Age association with operational time was assessed for non-linearity using restricted cubic splines. Results: Of the 8553 included trauma cases, 33.1% presented with on-scene delays, and 59.5% presented with total prehospital time above 60 min. Factors associated with on-scene time were age, rural environment, nature of trauma and severity, and scene-related complexity factors such as number of performed interventions and multiple victim incidents, while for total prehospital time the moment of intervention was also a relevant factor. Age displayed a non-linear association with on-scene time (p < 0.001), with a more pronounced increase after approximately 60 years of age, while for total prehospital time no evidence of non-linearity was observed (time ratio: 1.0024, 95% CI:1.0019–1.0029, p < 0.001). Rural environment was also a factor associated with both operational measurements (time ratio:1.17, 95%CI:1.15–1.2, p < 0.001 for on-scene time and time ratio:1.42, 95% CI:1.38–1.45, p < 0.001 for total prehospital time) and was associated with higher odds of on-scene time ≥ 20 min (OR:1.74, 95% CI:1.58–1.92, p < 0.001) and total prehospital time >60 min (OR:4.91, 95% CI:4.45–5.43, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The large proportion of cases identified with delayed operational times supports the need for further exploration of modifiable factors. The study highlights that, beyond case-specific factors and scene complexity, age and rural environment are relevant to prehospital operational time in Romanian trauma care settings. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms of these associations and find targeted strategies to improve operational efficiency.