The relevance of this work is due to the importance of identifying latent defects in building structures of reinforced concrete foundations. The results of the study of defects and damage to reinforced concrete structures are provided. It is proposed to use a telecommunication optical fiber of the G.652 standard as a sensor for identifying mechanical influences for long-haul objects. The optical fiber is placed directly inside a reinforced concrete foundation. As a result, we revealed dependences of the increase in the amount of additional optical losses arising in the fiber located in the concrete beam under varying mechanical stresses and deformations with increasing load. Based on the data obtained, two schemes have been proposed that make it possible to locate local latent defects in the structures of reinforced concrete foundations. New results of measuring the values of mechanical damage and deformation of concrete beams in real time when varying the properties of light passing through an optical fiber of the G.652 standard are obtained.

The present study compares the behavior of different sound types and their sources concerning distance. Experimental findings demonstrate a consistent reduction in noise levels with increasing distance from the sound origin, aligning with anticipated sound propagation patterns. Median noise level reductions are quantified, showing decreases from 72.7 dB at the source to 54.8 dB at a distance of 3 m. Pulsed sounds exhibit pronounced fluctuations and peaks at close distances, while steady and blended sounds maintain more uniform levels. An exponential model accurately characterizes the noise reduction phenomenon (R² = 0.8664), underscoring its applicability for construction noise control. These results offer valuable insights into sound propagation dynamics and provide a basis for developing effective noise control strategies.

This paper reports a study into designing an information-measuring system that could be used in coal mines that are dangerous in terms of the explosion of coal dust and methane gas. The results of reviewing technical advancements in the field of fiber-optic system development are given. To solve the set task, prototypes of a fiber-optic sensor of a new type and a hardware-software complex were constructed. The research aims to improve the safety of workers at coal enterprises. The result of the theoretical research has established that additional losses related to a micro bending should be taken into consideration while accounting for the effect of photoelasticity. The fundamental difference between the idea reported here and existing analogs is the development of a hardware-software complex capable of working with a single-mode optical fiber of great length with a significant noise level. The data processing unit is equipped with a television matrix and can analyze changes in the pixels of a light spot. The proposed system is quasi-distributed; it controls individual points within a rock massif. The designed hardware-software system provides high noise immunity of measuring channels when the external temperature changes. The research results helped develop an information-measuring system for monitoring the deformation and displacement of rock massif layers based on fiber-optic sensors, capable of operating in an explosive environment. The system makes it possible to control several layers located in the roof of the workings, while the fiber-optic sensor may contain two or three sensitive elements that are connected to different channels. With a sharp fluctuation in pressure and an increase in the displacement parameter, the system triggers a warning signal about the danger.

The article presents hollow foundations that play a multifunctional role: drainage to accelerate the process of consolidation of weak water-saturated cohesive foundation soils, drainage in case of obvious underflooding, anti-barrage in case of latent underflooding, as well as compensating for possible swelling or frost heaving of the clay soils. The adopted design solution makes it possible to transfer the load from the foundation to the soil foundation that includes loose cavity filling material through a more developed support area than a foundation with a flat footing. Unlike the solid foundation, the hollow foundation has a higher bearing capacity by 120 N more, and in the intervals of high loads (> 400 N) the settlement of the hollow foundation develops with an occasional lag from the settlement of the solid foundation. The use of hollow concrete foundations makes it possible to expand the area of application of prefabricated foundations, simplify their manufacture, increase their bearing capacity and ensure their strength and durability, while reducing the material intensity and cost of construction.

Nowadays ensuring normal operation of buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete is of great relevance. Bearing building structures in the process of operation or erection can have defects and damages of various origins. There is a need to develop repair compositions to ensure the durability and reliability of monolithic reinforced concrete buildings. In this paper we have conducted research and developed a repair composition of fine-grained concrete (FGC) on the basis of modification and improvement of its structure. In the composition of complex modifier on the basis of analysis were chosen: microsilica MCU-95 as a highly active pozzolanic mineral admixture; superplasticizer C-3, hydrophobizing component – soapstock. Cements of Novo-Karaganda, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Shymkent cement plants M400 were chosen as binders. In order to study the influence of modifiers on the setting time of cement dough and concrete structure, several concrete compositions were developed. The performance of the developed FGC was improved in terms of basic physical and mechanical parameters. Cement consumption was reduced by 15% (from 450 kg to 382.5 kg). The influence of the main factors and dependence of performance indicators on physical and mechanical properties of cement stone and the studied FGC has been established. Production waste and local construction materials were used to save binder.

The article explores the potential application of various solutions that allow monitoring noise and vibration to some extent on construction sites. Over 20 scientific articles presenting experimental research and experience with noise and vibration monitoring systems were reviewed. The articles were collected from leading journals indexed by scientometric databases. The reviewed articles were categorized into solutions for noise monitoring, vibration monitoring, and multifunctional solutions. As a result of the review of solutions in the field of acoustic monitoring, important trends and prospects for further research were identified. There is a recognized need for the development of more accurate methods for filtering background noise and accounting for the characteristics of different construction sites. Regarding solutions for vibration monitoring, the review revealed a need for a more in-depth investigation into the identification and classification of vibration sources for accurate assessment of their indicators. The review of multifunctional solutions and systems showed that additional research and testing are required for a full assessment of their effectiveness and applicability in practice. Successful implementation of such systems requires attention to their flexibility and the ability to install various types and scales on construction sites. Furthermore, emphasis should be placed on training personnel for the effective use of equipment or ensuring their qualifications match the ability to use vibroacoustic complexes.