Objective: Infantile colic (IC) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder of early infancy defined by prolonged crying and irritability in otherwise healthy infants. This review synthesizes cur rent evidence on diagnosis and management, emphasizing feeding strategies, maternal diet, and the clinical relevance of lactose malabsorption with data from Türkiye and worldwide. The authors highlight strain‑specific probiotics: for breastfed infants, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 is associated with fewer crying minutes, whereas for bottle‑fed infants, the combination of Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and B. breve B632 shows preventive and symptomatic signals in randomized trials. Lactase enzyme can reduce symptoms when lactose malabsorption is suspected. Simethicone has not shown consistent benefit and is not recommended routinely. In light of the evolving evidence and inconsistent therapeutic outcomes, this review aims to sum marize current understanding and evidence‑based management strategies for IC. Materials and Methods: This narrative review was conducted through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2000 and 2025 using the keywords “infantile colic,” “functional gastrointestinal disorders,” “lactase,” “pro biotics,” and “maternal diet.” Relevant randomized controlled trials, meta‑analyses, and clinical guidelines were selected and synthesized to summarize current evidence. Results: Evidence suggests that targeted nutritional approaches, phenotype‑guided probiotic use, and maternal dietary adjustments provide measurable reductions in crying duration and caregiver stress. Pharmacologic agents such as simethicone show no consistent efficacy, while lactase enzyme and specific probiotic strains demonstrate moderate benefit. Taken together, the reviewed evidence supports a stepwise, phenotype‑guided approach that integrates feeding optimization, limited dietary trials, and targeted probiotic use under clinical supervision. Conclusion: Infantile colic remains a self‑limited but distressing condition; evidence‑based, family‑centered counseling and phenotype‑specific interventions should guide management. We outline red‑flag features, a stepwise algorithm, and practical, family‑centered guidance to support phenotype‑guided care.

Aims: In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between the knowledge levels of parents who applied to the pediatric outpatient clinic about monkeypox virus and their anxiety and fear regarding contamination/infection. Methods: The study was conducted in the pediatric outpatient clinic of Yalova Training and Research Hospital between May 15 and July 15, 2024. Necessary institutional permissions were obtained before starting the study. The research data consisted of a 19-item socio-demographic information form, Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS) and Fear of Infection/Contamination Scale (FICS) questions created by the researchers. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: The majority of the parents participating in the study were between the ages of 30-39 (47.7%), and the majority were women (73.2%). When evaluated according to education level, 30% of the participants were high school graduates, and 29.5% had a bachelor's degree or higher. The majority were married (87.7%), and 53.6% were unemployed. 61.8% lived in the city center, 55.9% had equal incomes and expenses, the average number of people living in the house was 4.09±1.12, and the average number of children was 2.06±0.98. 93.6% of the participants stated that they had not received training on the monkeypox virus, 90.9% had heard of this virus, and 45.9% knew the ways the virus was transmitted. However, 64.5% of parents did not know whether the monkeypox virus was fatal or not, 64.5% reported that they were afraid of this virus, but 51.8% did not take any precautions. It was determined that the average BAS score of parents regarding monkeypox was at a mild anxiety level and their FICS was high. No significant correlation was found between anxiety levels and fear of contamination/infection, as assessed by the BAS and FICS scores (r=−0.091, p=0.179). Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that the average BAS score of families regarding monkeypox virus disease was at a mild anxiety level, and the FICS was high according to the average BAS score. It was also observed that parents did not receive education about monkeypox virus disease, did not know whether this disease was fatal or not, most of them were afraid of this disease and did not take any precautions for protection.

Despite advances in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), neonatal sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early and accurate

Objective:We aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic drops containing the microbial strains Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and Bifidobacterium breve B632 on symptoms and quality-of-life indicators in infants aged 0–12 months under real-life conditions, particularly in subgroups such as colic, cesarean delivery, prematurity, hospitalization, and antibiotic exposure.Materials and Methods:This four-center, multicenter study was conducted in the pediatric clinics of Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Yalova Training and Research Hospital, Esenyurt State Hospital, and Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Training and Research Hospital. Symptoms of a total of 150 infants aged 0–12 months were compared before and after probiotic use using a parental questionnaire. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for continuous/ordinal variables, and the McNemar test was used for binary variables (statistical significance set at p<0.05).Results:The median age of the infants was 4.5 months (25th–75th percentile: 2–8), and 56% of the cases were male. The reasons for initiating probiotic use were irritability (42.7%), colic (26.7%), gas (22.7%), and recommendation (8.0%). The median duration of use was 90 days, and the median daily dose was 5 drops. After probiotic use, a marked improvement was observed in crying-related parameters: median crying duration decreased from 1 hour/day (25th–75th percentile: 1–3) to 0 hours/day (25th–75th percentile: 0–1), median crying frequency decreased from 2 (25th–75th percentile: 2–3) to 1 (25th–75th percentile: 1–1), and the median number of daily crying episodes decreased from 10 (25th–75th percentile: 8–10) to 2 (25th–75th percentile: 2–4). In parallel, significant reductions were observed in the severity scores of gasses, abdominal distension, and irritability, along with increases in maternal and paternal sleep duration and a decrease in maternal depressive mood score (all comparisons p<0.001). In binary symptom assessment, the presence of gas decreased from 63.3% to 7.3%, irritability from 47.3% to 11.3%, and abdominal distension from 63.3% to 22.7%, while the proportion of infants reported to have nighttime sleep increased from 32.0% to 68.0% (all p<0.001).Conclusion:The use of probiotic drops containing the microbial strains Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and Bifidobacterium breve B632 was found to be associated with clinically meaningful improvement in gastrointestinal complaints and parent-related sleep and mood parameters, as well as good tolerability, in infants aged 0–12 months.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, rotavirüs antijen testi pozitif akut gastroenteritli 2–14 yaş çocuklarda ayaktan standart tedaviye Kolloidal Silisyum Dioksit eklenmesinin klinik seyir üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlandı. Kolloidal Silisyum DioksitGereç ve Yöntem: Rotavirüs pozitif ayaktan izlenen çocuklarda iki gruplu karşılaştırmalı analiz yapıldı (Standart tedavi: sıvı + çinko + probiyotik; Standart+ Kolloidal Silisyum Dioksit. Çalışma toplam 5 ayrı hastanede standart tedavi verilen 150 ve standart tedaviye ek olarak Kolloidal Silisyum Dioksit kullanan 150 Rotavirüs tanılı çocuk dahil edilidi. Çalışmamız çok merkezli, multisentrik ve iki grup karşılaştırmalı olarak planlandı. Çalışma Takip penceresi Gün 0–7 idi. Primer sonlanım ishalin düzelmesine kadar geçen süre olarak tanımlandı (ilk kez dışkı sayısı ≤3/gün ve Bristol ≤5 sağlanması). İkincil sonlanımlar toplam dışkı sayısı, dışkı tipi, dışkı kıvamı, ateş seyri, hastaneye başvuru, okul ve işgücü kaybı ve ürün güvenliği idi. Sürekli değişkenlerde uygun parametrik/parametrik olmayan testler; ikili değişkenlerde Fisher kesin testi; ishal düzelme için Kaplan-Meier ve log-rank testi kullanıldı (p

Background/Objectives: Childhood non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis is clinically heterogeneous. We aimed to describe fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels in affected children and examine associations with etiology, spirometry, and CT-defined disease extent. Methods: This single-center prospective observational study included 100 clinically stable children aged 6–18 years with CT-confirmed non-CF bronchiectasis evaluated between September 2014 and December 2015. FeNO was measured before spirometry using an online single-breath electrochemical technique. Chest CT was reviewed at the lobar level, with the lingula counted separately, and disease extent was summarized by the number of involved lobar regions. Associations were assessed using Spearman correlation and non-parametric tests. Results: Mean age was 14.9 ± 2.0 years, 55% were male, and mean FeNO was 20.9 ± 14.0 ppb. FeNO correlated positively with FEV1 (% predicted), FVC (% predicted), and FEF25–75 (% predicted) (all p < 0.01). FeNO was higher in males and adolescents than in females and younger children, respectively. FeNO did not differ by CT-defined lobar extent. It was lower in primary ciliary dyskinesia than in asthma overlap. Overall, 82% of the cohort received an ICS-containing maintenance regimen and household tobacco smoke exposure was present in 58%. Conclusions: FeNO was associated with selected functional indices and etiologic subgroups, but not with CT-defined structural extent, suggesting a greater role in clinical phenotyping than in reflecting radiologic burden. Rather than reflecting overall disease severity, FeNO may be more relevant as a marker of T2-leaning airway inflammatory phenotype in selected children with non-CF bronchiectasis. These findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating, particularly for etiologic subgroup comparisons and for FeNO interpretation in the setting of treatment and environmental confounding.