The technological properties of durum wheat grain are determined by prolamins (gliadins and glutenins). Information on the allelic composition of key loci remains incomplete despite existing global studies examining prolamin variability. This highlighted the need to study these traits in durum wheat in Kazakhstan. The effects of specific gliadin components with high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin fractions on gluten quality are also not fully clarified. This study aimed to characterise allelic diversity at prolamin-coding loci and evaluate associated grain quality traits. Using native and denaturing SDS-electrophoresis, 181 tetraploid wheat accessions from Kazakhstan, an International germplasm collection, and 26 breeding lines were analysed for allelic variation and associations with protein content, gluten content, gluten index, and SDS-sedimentation. The γ45 gliadin component and Glu-A3a allele were positively associated with SDS-sedimentation and gluten index, while Glu-B3b had a negative effect. Distinct prolamin profiles were observed among accessions from different ecological and geographical locations. These results support the selection of superior durum wheat genotypes and enable the identification of favourable allele combinations at the Gli-1, Gli-2, Glu-1, and Glu-3 loci in cultivars from Kazakhstan. Comparison with global tetraploid wheat germplasm collections demonstrates unique genetic diversity in genotypes, providing a valuable basis for breeding programs aimed at improving grain and gluten quality in durum wheat in Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries.

The diversity of cyanobacteria from four hot springs in the Chundzha settlement, located in the Almaty region, was studied to determine the species composition and isolate axenic cultures of thermophilic cyanobacteria. The objective was to investigate the diversity, morphological and cultural properties of thermophilic cyanobacteria from the Chundzha hot springs, and to establish axenic cultures for potential utilization in biotechnology, as these organisms are scientifically interesting and valuable as a source of thermostable biomolecules. As a result of the study, eight axenic cyanobacteria cultures were isolated and identified as Oscillatoria subbrevis, Phormidium ambiguum, Nostoc commune, Synechococcus elongatus, Synechocystis sp., Tolypothrix tenuis, Anabaena cylindrica and Spirulina fusiformis. Optimal cultivation conditions were also determined: the isolated cyanobacteria cultures exhibited high growth rates when cultivated in BG-11, Zarruk, and Gromov nutrient media at an optimal temperature of 28-36°C, pH 7, and a light intensity of 50 µmol photons m−2s−1. Key words: hot springs, thermophiles, cyanobacterial diversity, isolated axenic cultures, morphological and cultural properties, selection of cultivation conditions, dynamics of growth.

Анализ биологически активных веществ пчелиного маточного молочка и коровьего молозива с целью создания комплексной биологически активной добавки