This study aimed to determine the degree of diversification in exports of fresh/chilled salmon and the level of international competitiveness of Norway, Sweden, Chile, and the United Kingdom over 2020–2024, using the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and the normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA). A quantitative, descriptive approach was adopted, drawing on annual Trade Map data for HS subheading 030214. HHI series were constructed by country–destination and NRCA series by country–market, and both were examined through univariate analysis. The findings showed that Norway exhibited low concentration levels and strong, stable advantages in Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Russia, whereas Sweden displayed moderate but rising concentration, supported by high advantages in Belgium, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy. In contrast, Chile and the United Kingdom recorded persistently high HHI values, with pronounced advantages concentrated in a limited number of markets (Brazil in Chile’s case; France and Chinese Taipei in the UK’s) and intra-product positions or comparative disadvantages in China, the United States, and Mexico. The study concludes that the combination of geographic diversification and positive NRCA enhances export resilience, while extreme specialization increases vulnerability to demand and regulatory shocks. It is recommended that Chile and the United Kingdom further develop diversification strategies toward markets where NRCA is neutral or negative, and that Norway and Sweden consolidate their advantages through investments in sustainability, traceability, and logistics. Further multivariate research incorporating macroeconomic and firm-level variables is also suggested.

This research study aims to determine the relationship between influencer marketing and purchasing decisions in the fashion sector among young people in San Juan de Lurigancho, 2025. The digital strategy of influencer marketing is currently one of the most efficient for companies, since influencers currently generate an emotional and aspirational connection with young people through the content they transmit on social networks. It should be noted that, after the COVID-19 pandemic, this strategy obtained notable growth due to the digitalization of fashion sector businesses, which reinforced the key role of influencers as agents who disseminate recommendations or share experiences about brands. This research has a quantitative approach, applied with a causal correlational scope, a non-experimental and crosssectional design, with a sample of 206 young people. Furthermore, using a virtual questionnaire administered through Google Forms as a data collection technique, it was found that influencer marketing is significantly related to purchasing decisions, reporting a Sperman Rho coefficient of 0.654 (sig. <0.01), demonstrating a positive and moderate relationship. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the level of influence influencers have on young people's decision-making in the fashion sector.

The study analyzed the development of tourism management in Latin American and European destinations, 570 scientific articles were used, selected through the Prisma method, 27 documents relevant to the research. The study considered scientific research in various countries in Latin America and Europe, emphasizing that tourism develops as long as there is optimal tourism management and planning, the results showed that tourist destinations, when captured by national and international tourists, play a fundamental role for the economy of a country, in such a way that the role of both public and private actors allows the continuity of history. culture, conservation and tourism development of these destinations, that is, sustainable development over time. The efficiency of tourism management in Latin America and Europe enhances natural and cultural attractions to generate job opportunities and improve the quality of life in communities.