ChatGPT, a large language model AI, has the potential to transform higher education by providing students with personalized learning support, assisting in writing tasks, and enhancing their level of engagement. This study examines the factors influencing the acceptance of ChatGPT among university students in Peru, following the extended UTAUT2 model with the addition of a construct called knowledge sharing (KS). A total of 772 students from seven universities in Lambayeque and La Libertad participated in an online survey, providing insights into their perceptions and experiences with using ChatGPT for academic purposes. The results from the structural equation model showed that effort expectancy, behavioral intention, and knowledge sharing positively influenced the actual use of ChatGPT. Furthermore, effort expectancy and performance expectancy were found to be determinants of the behavioral intention to use ChatGPT. The study also revealed that performance expectancy and behavioral intention serve as sequential mediating variables regarding the effect of effort expectancy on actual use. These findings suggest a positive adoption of ChatGPT among students, driven by individual and contextual factors, and highlight the importance of managing effort and performance expectations appropriately. This study represents a significant advancement in understanding the acceptance of ChatGPT in higher education and provides valuable guidance for practical implementation efforts, ensuring that this powerful AI tool is effectively leveraged to support student learning and success.

The study examines how Peru could maintain the sustainability of its blueberry exports through market diversification and competitiveness. Using a quantitative approach, the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and the Balassa Index were calculated. The results showed impressive growth in key markets such as the United States, where exports grew by an average of 115.03% annually, and robust growth in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Despite these increases, the study identified a high concentration in specific markets, particularly in the United States, where the HHI ranged from 2896 to 3828 throughout the evaluated period, indicating significant dependence. Regarding the RCA, the values showed that Peru has maintained a solid comparative advantage, especially towards the United States, where the values fluctuated between 0.09 and 0.55 throughout the study, indicating specialization and efficiency in the export of blueberries to this market. The conclusions highlight that, although Peru has achieved remarkable growth in its blueberry exports and has demonstrated competitive capabilities, it faces the challenge of effectively diversifying its export markets. Recommendations include expanding the exploration of new markets and improving logistic infrastructure and agricultural practices to foster environmental sustainability, as well as adapting marketing strategies to meet the demands of emerging markets and international regulations.

South American coffee producers face growing challenges due to external trade dependencies and climate-induced disruptions. This study investigates the role of export market diversification as a sustainability strategy for four major regional exporters of roasted non-decaffeinated coffee: Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador. A quantitative and comparative methodology was applied over a ten-year period using the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) to evaluate export market concentration and the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index—including its normalized variant—to assess international competitiveness by destination. The results reveal substantial disparities: Brazil and Colombia exhibit moderate to high diversification and relative competitiveness in select markets, while Peru and Ecuador remain dependent on a few strategic buyers, with limited or declining comparative advantages. The findings emphasize that sustained export performance in the coffee sector requires not only a broader destination portfolio but also improved positioning through trade agreements, infrastructure development, and climate-resilient innovation. This study concludes with a strategic proposal based on three pillars—commercial, logistical, and technological—to support structural transformation and enhance the long-term sustainability of the coffee trade in South America.

This systematic study explores the success factors and barriers faced by rural women entrepreneurs in the artisanal sector during 2020–2024. Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of academic databases, 50 relevant articles that met predefined inclusion criteria were identified and reviewed. The results reveal a dynamic and collaborative research field with a focus on developing countries. It highlights the interplay of individual, social, structural, and innovation factors as key determinants of entrepreneurial success. The adoption of digital technologies and social innovation emerge as key factors, while traditional gender roles, poor infrastructure, and discrimination persist as significant barriers. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these challenges, prompting innovative resilience strategies. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics that influence the success of these entrepreneurs and underscores the need for holistic approaches that address skills development, access to resources, and promotion of innovation to empower rural women and foster sustainable development in their communities.

This research assesses the competitiveness of Chilean cherry exports, with a specific focus on the Chinese market, identifying sectoral challenges and opportunities. Implementing quantitative, descriptive and non-experimental methodologies based on previous studies (Montes Ninaquispe et al., 2023), it utilizes the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for market diversification, the Trade Competitiveness Index (TC), and the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) based on previous studies (Arbulú Ballesteros et al., 2024). The analysis reveals a significant concentration of exports to China, representing over 88 percent of Chile’s total cherry exports from 2018 to 2022, despite market volatility and a general trend of growth in both volume and value. The HHI indicates a high concentration risk due to dependency on the Chinese market, while the TC and RCA highlight a strong competitive and comparative advantage in this sector. The study concludes the need for market diversification to reduce dependency risks, suggesting the exploration of new markets like Thailand, South Korea, and Ecuador, alongside improvements in marketing strategies. Additionally, it recommends enhancing corporate innovation and operational efficiency via advanced production technologies and optimizing logistics and supply chain management to sustain the competitive advantage of Chilean cherry exports.

This study examined the sustainability of global table grape exports from 2020 to 2024, focusing on two key dimensions: market diversification and international competitiveness. Using data from Trade Map and applying the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and the Revealed Comparative Advantage Normalized Index (RCAN), the research analyzed the export performance of major grape-exporting countries, including Peru, Chile, the Netherlands, Italy, the United States, South Africa, and China. The results showed significant differences in both market structure and competitive positioning. Countries like Peru and South Africa demonstrated rapid export growth and high competitiveness in certain markets, but faced elevated levels of market concentration, exposing them to external shocks. In contrast, Italy and the Netherlands maintained more diversified portfolios but showed modest competitiveness. The study concluded that no country achieved an ideal balance between diversification and competitiveness. As a result, it is recommended that governments pursue integrated trade strategies that promote geographic expansion alongside measures to enhance export competitiveness. Investments in logistics, quality certifications, and market intelligence are essential to reduce vulnerability and ensure long-term export sustainability.