This study aimed to determine the degree of diversification in exports of fresh/chilled salmon and the level of international competitiveness of Norway, Sweden, Chile, and the United Kingdom over 2020–2024, using the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and the normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA). A quantitative, descriptive approach was adopted, drawing on annual Trade Map data for HS subheading 030214. HHI series were constructed by country–destination and NRCA series by country–market, and both were examined through univariate analysis. The findings showed that Norway exhibited low concentration levels and strong, stable advantages in Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Russia, whereas Sweden displayed moderate but rising concentration, supported by high advantages in Belgium, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy. In contrast, Chile and the United Kingdom recorded persistently high HHI values, with pronounced advantages concentrated in a limited number of markets (Brazil in Chile’s case; France and Chinese Taipei in the UK’s) and intra-product positions or comparative disadvantages in China, the United States, and Mexico. The study concludes that the combination of geographic diversification and positive NRCA enhances export resilience, while extreme specialization increases vulnerability to demand and regulatory shocks. It is recommended that Chile and the United Kingdom further develop diversification strategies toward markets where NRCA is neutral or negative, and that Norway and Sweden consolidate their advantages through investments in sustainability, traceability, and logistics. Further multivariate research incorporating macroeconomic and firm-level variables is also suggested.

The main objective of the research was to determine the relationship between the culture of entrepreneurship and business management in an Association of Artisans, seeking to contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth. An applied methodology with a quantitative approach and non-experimental design was used. The technique used was a survey and the instrument was a questionnaire. The most significant results revealed a moderate direct linear correlation between entrepreneurial culture and business management (Spearman's coefficient: 0.680, p-value: 0.000). Significant correlations were also found between the dimensions of entrepreneurial culture (entrepreneurship, risk consideration, creativity and innovation, value generation, proactivity and information seeking) and entrepreneurial management, with Spearman coefficients ranging from 0.627 to 0.692. These findings highlight the importance of fostering a strong entrepreneurial culture to improve business management in the artisans' association and contribute to local economic development.

This study addresses the significant social value of understanding consumer experiences in the coffee market, which is crucial for enhancing local economic sustainability and consumer satisfaction in the cities of Piura, Trujillo, and Chiclayo in Peru. The objective of this research was to evaluate the coffee consumption experience of 1190 consumers using structural equation modeling. Methodologically, a detailed survey was employed to capture various dimensions of consumer experience. The results revealed a strong positive effect of perceived quality on hedonic value (β = 0.776; p < 0.001), underscoring the importance of high sensory standards. Brand experiences significantly influenced quality beliefs (β = 0.399; p < 0.001) and perceived utility (β = 0.733; p < 0.001), though there was no direct connection with hedonic valuation, indicating the need for further analysis. The findings highlighted that hedonic value, associated with emotional satisfaction, predominates over utilitarian value in driving brand loyalty (β = 0.908 vs. β = 0.076; p < 0.001). This provides strategic insights into incorporating symbolic and experiential benefits in marketing. In conclusion, the study offers quantitative evidence on shaping consumer experiences in the coffee market by focusing on sensory quality and affective brand identity.

The study analyzed the development of tourism management in Latin American and European destinations, 570 scientific articles were used, selected through the Prisma method, 27 documents relevant to the research. The study considered scientific research in various countries in Latin America and Europe, emphasizing that tourism develops as long as there is optimal tourism management and planning, the results showed that tourist destinations, when captured by national and international tourists, play a fundamental role for the economy of a country, in such a way that the role of both public and private actors allows the continuity of history. culture, conservation and tourism development of these destinations, that is, sustainable development over time. The efficiency of tourism management in Latin America and Europe enhances natural and cultural attractions to generate job opportunities and improve the quality of life in communities.