This article analyzes the effect of electrolytic plasma nitriding on the performance of medium-carbon steel 45 under increased mechanical loads and in aggressive environments. Nitrided samples in carbamide electrolytes, both with and without the addition of ammonium nitrate, were compared to the initial material. SEM with EDX and XRD analysis was used to examine the microstructure and phase composition of nitrided samples. Wear resistance was studied using the ‘ball-on-disk’ method and Vickers microhardness testing, while corrosion resistance was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves. The study results show that the sample without ammonium nitrate demonstrated better mechanical and corrosion properties due to a more homogeneous and denser nitride layer, approximately 10 µm thick, containing phases FeN and Fe₄N. Its wear resistance doubled compared to that of the initial sample. The sample treated in an electrolyte with the addition of ammonium nitrate demonstrated a higher current density (2.8672 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm²) and a lower corrosion potential (−0.565 V) compared to the initial sample (i_corr = 1.8971 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm², E_corr = −0.480 V) and the sample without ammonium nitrate (i_corr = 1.7315 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm², E_corr = −0.376 V). This is due to the formation of an uneven nitride layer and the presence of microcracks on the surface.

In this paper we have investigated the fundamental properties of the solutions of Maxwell’s equations describing free electromagnetic waves in stationary anisotropic media, with tensor characteristics along the Z axis. A matrix of coefficients, the structure of the matrix of Maxwell’s equations, dispersion equations and indicatrix curves for a transparent anisotropic one-dimensional inhomogeneous conductive medium have been obtained. Exact analytical solutions in case of homogeneous anisotropic media are constructed on the basis of the matrix structure.

This paper investigates the plasmonic effect in ultraviolet (UV) detectors based on titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Studies have shown that a TiO₂-rGO nanocomposite material is obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Adding silver nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag-TiO₂ ‘core-shell’ nanostructures (NSs) leads to the plasmonic effect and an increase in the optoelectronic parameters. The TiO₂-rGO images were obtained with the help of SEM and Raman spectroscopy, and the ratio I_D/I_G was found. Hydrothermal synthesis results in a long-term reduction of rGO, i.e., the amount of oxygen-containing groups decreases. Raman spectroscopy shows the presence of peaks characteristic of the starting materials. The absorption properties when adding plasmonic nanoparticles to the films show changes in the absorption spectrum in the visible light region due to the transparency of rGO. The current-voltage characteristics show that the presence of plasmonic particles in the nanocomposite material leads to an increase in the photoinduced current of about 94 μA, which is almost 3.0 times greater. When irradiated, the multicomponent nanocomposite material with plasmonic nanoparticles responds to light three times faster than TiO₂- rGO. The results can be used to develop new light-sensitive devices for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.

The investigation of wave propagation in elastic medium with thermomechanical effects is bound to have important economic implications in the field of composite materials, seismology, geophysics, and so on. In this article, thermoelastic wave propagation in anisotropic mediums of orthorhombic and hexagonal syngony having heterogeneity along z-axis is studied. Such medium has second-order axis symmetry. By using analytical matriciant method, a set of equations of motions in thermoelastic medium are reduced to an equivalent set of the first-order differential equations. In the general case, for the given set of equations, structures of fundamental solutions are made and dispersion relations are obtained.

The investigation of thermoelastic wave propagation in elastic media is bound to have much influence in the fields of material science, geophysics, seismology, and so on. The heat conduction equations and bound equations of motions differ by the difficulty level and presence of many physical and mechanical parameters in them. Therefore thermoelasticity is being extensively studied and developed. In this paper by using analytical matrizant method set of equation of motions in elastic media are reduced to equivalent set of first-order differential equations. Moreover, for given set of equations, the structure of fundamental solutions for the general case has been derived and also dispersion relations are obtained.

This paper considers a new method based on the law of energy conservation for the study of thermo-stress-strain state of a rod of limited length with simultaneous presence of local heat fluxes, heat exchanges, and thermal insulation. The method allows determining the field of temperature distribution and the three components of deformations and stresses, as well as the magnitude of the rod elongation and the resulting axial force with an accuracy of satisfying the energy conservation laws. For specific initial data, all the sought-for ones are determined numerically with high accuracy. We found that all solutions satisfy the laws of energy conservation.