Currently, there are many people in the world suffering from chronic kidney diseases worldwide. Due to the several risk factors like food, environment and living standards many people get diseases suddenly without understanding of their condition. Diagnosing of chronic kidney diseases is generally invasive, costly, time-consuming and often risky. That is why many patients reach late stages of it without treatment, especially in those countries where the resources are limited. Therefore, the early detection strategy of the disease remains important, particularly in developing countries, where the diseases are generally diagnosed in late stages. Finding a solution for above-mentioned problems and riding out from disadvantages became a strong motive to conduct this study. In this research study, the effects of using clinical features to classify patients with chronic kidney disease by using support vector machines algorithm is investigated. The chronic kidney disease dataset is based on clinical history, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Experimental results showed over 93% of success rate in classifying the patients with kidney diseases based on three performance metrics i.e., accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.

Automating real-time sign language translation through deep learning and machine learning techniques can greatly enhance communication between the deaf community and the wider public. This research investigates how these technologies can change the way individuals with speech impairments communicate. Despite advancements, developing accurate models for recognizing both static and dynamic gestures remains challenging due to variations in gesture speed and length, which affect the effectiveness of the models. We introduce a hybrid approach that merges machine learning and deep learning methods for sign language recognition. We provide new model for the recognition of Kazakh Sign Language (QazSL), employing five algorithms: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with VGG19, ResNet-50, and YOLOv5. The models were trained on a QazSL dataset of more than 4,400 photos. Among the assessed models, the GRU attained the highest accuracy of 100%, followed closely by SVM and YOLOv5 at 99.98%, VGG19 at 98.87% for dynamic dactyls, LSTM at 85%, and ResNet-50 at 78.61%. These findings illustrate the comparative efficacy of each method in real-time gesture recognition. The results yield significant insights for enhancing sign language recognition systems, presenting possible advancements in accessibility and communication for those with hearing impairments.

Accurate crowd density estimation is essential for public safety operations, urban and transportation design and multiple intelligent systems. The research presents an improved Multi-Column Convolutional Neural Network (MC-CNN) structure to predict crowd density. The model uses MobileNet transfer learning capabilities and implements three parallel convolutional columns with different kernel sizes to extract spatial information at different receptive field levels. The design enhances the ability to extract and combine multi-scale features, resulting in better spatial crowd density representation. The model incorporates the output of its columns to improve its understanding of crowd movement patterns. During training, a dynamic collation and zero-padding strategy is introduced to handle variable-sized input images. This approach’s uniform batch shape improves training stability and allows flexible real-world deployment with inconsistent input resolutions. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture performs better, as revealed by its low MAE scores of 12.93 in Part A and 28.56 in Part B of the ShanghaiTech data, outperforming TransCrowd, CSRNet, and SANet. The research provides a functional solution that accurately measures crowd density in different scenarios while overcoming the existing approaches’ restrictions. It fills the academic research gaps in multi-scale feature extraction, efficient data collation and offers new solutions for crowd analysis.

Medical imaging requires accurate brain tumor recognition because precise classification is essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment planning. A major challenge in medical applications is that deep learning models typically require extensive amounts of labeled data to perform well. To address this, this research evaluates three few-shot learning (FSL) approaches-prototypical networks, Siamese networks, and model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML)-for brain tumor classification using the Figshare brain tumor dataset. The results show that prototypical networks consistently outperform the other approaches, achieving 89.07% accuracy (95% CI: 88.12–89.96%), 88.73% precision, and 88.67% recall, making them the optimal solution for this task. Siamese networks achieve 83.73% accuracy (95% CI: 82.64–84.76%), while MAML demonstrates significantly reduced performance, with 43.70% accuracy (95% CI: 42.10–45.22%). This study demonstrates that FSL can be applied effectively for medical image classification, with prototypical networks achieving the best performance in brain tumor detection. The inclusion of confidence intervals further validates the robustness and reliability of the results. Future research will focus on improving feature representation and exploring hybrid approaches to better handle rare tumor classes, thereby enhancing the clinical applicability of FSL models.

The growing intricacy of IT education requires resources to aid students in choosing specialized pathways. This study investigates the prediction of specialization preferences among IT students at SDU University in Kazakhstan through the application of machine learning techniques. The research contribution is the development of a predictive model that enhances academic advising by incorporating multiple factors, including academic performance, personality traits, qualifications, and extracurricular involvement. The research examined 692 anonymized student profiles and evaluated the efficacy of five machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting, and Naive Bayes. Stratified 10-fold cross-validation was utilized to reduce the risk of overfitting. Gradient Boosting attained a peak accuracy of 99.10% in validation; however, its performance decreased to 92.16% on an independent test set, suggesting overfitting. Naive Bayes exhibited the lowest accuracy, recorded at 35.26%. Logistic regression analysis indicated a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) among academic performance, extracurricular involvement, and specialization selection. Personality traits and certifications significantly influenced the prediction process. The findings suggest that although Gradient Boosting demonstrates high effectiveness, the associated risk of overfitting requires additional refinement for practical application. The notable impact of academic performance and extracurricular activities indicates that educational institutions ought to prioritize these elements in student guidance. The incorporation of machine learning-based recommendations into advising frameworks enhances the precision of specialization predictions, thereby improving student decision-making and career alignment.

In this paper, we attempted to generate insights about improving the education of students of EDUCON summer camp in Kazakhstan on the basis of analysis of their dataset and extrapolate the studies into other similar education-based projects. On the basis of empirical data we found that the organization of EDUCON camp was generally good, but there are some points such as subjects related, dormitory related, etc. to be improved in order to make the system of EDUCON even better. As the result, we suggest some new additionalities to be incorporated into the EDUCON education system and some changes have to be done.