In this study, genetic and environmental variability, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficients of pod yield, yield components, oil and protein content of ten registered peanut varieties were examined. Year (Y), location (L), year x location interaction (Y x L), genotype (G), genotype x year interaction (G x Y), genotype x location interaction (G x L) and genotype x year x location interaction (G x Y x L) were significant, but G x Y for shelling percentage was not significant. Genotypic and phenotypic variances were highest for pod yield followed by hundred pod weight, whereas all investigated traits of peanut varieties were significantly different. Broad sense heritability estimates ranged from moderate level to high. Heritability values were estimated to be maximum for shelling percentage (95.4%), hundred kernel weight (91.6%), hundred pod weight (88.3%), while moderate for pod number (63.8%), pod weight (60.4%), first quality pod ratio (63.3%), pod yield (63.2%), oil content (52.0%) and protein content (52.5%). High heritability for shelling percentage, hundred kernel weight and hundred pod weight indicated that these characteristics were affected less than the others by the environmental conditions. The magnitudes of genetic advance were observed to be very high (>50%) for hundred pod weight, 100 kernel weight, pod weight and pod yield; moderate (20-50%) for pod number, first quality pod ratio, shelling percentage and low (

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı yağlık ve çerezlik olarak kullanılmak üzere gıda sektöründe önemli bir yeri olan yer fıstığının sulama programını oluşturmak, kurak ve yarı kurak iklim bölgelerinde su kaynaklarının daha verimli kullanılması adına kısıntılı sulama yaparak su-verim ilişkilerini incelemektir. Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Kahramanmaraş Doğu Akdeniz Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsüne ait topraklarda 2020 yılı yetiştirme sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Faktöriyel deneme desenine göre uyarlanan çalışmada iki farklı yer fıstığı çeşidi (Florispan, NC-7) ve dört sulama seviyesi (%100, %75, %50, %25) 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırma Bulguları: Her iki çeşite %100 sulanan konudan %25 sulanan konuya doğru 1230 ile 513 mm su verildi. Bitki su tüketimi değerleri 1100 ile 450 mm arasında değişti. Su kullanım etkinliği 0.44 ile 0.89 kg m-3, sulama suyu kullanım etkinliği ise 0.39 ile 0.78 kg m-3 olarak bulunmuştur. Ky değeri 0.54 olarak bulunurken klorofil içeriği değerleri 20 ile 39 arasında gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Yer fıstığı bitkisinin Doğu Akdenizde %75 su kısıtında yetiştirilebileceği anlaşılmıştır. Florispan çeşidi su stresine karşı daha hassas olduğu için NC-7 çeşidinin yetirilmesi önerilmiştir. Klorofil içeriğinin belirsiz sonuçlar vermesi sulama zamanının belirlenmesinde yetersiz olduğunu göstermiştir.

Bu araştırma, Kahramanmaraş ilinde Ağustos ayında yağlı tohum bitkisi olarak hasat edilen Yekta, Linas, Dinçer, Göktürk, Zirkon, Olas, Balcı aspir çeşitlerinin samanlarının kimyasal kompozisyonları, nispi yem değerleri (NYD), in vitro gaz üretimi (İVGÜ), metabolik enerji (ME) ve organik madde sindirim (OMS) saptamak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma bulguları aspir samanı çeşitleri arasında kimyasal kompozisyon bakımında önemli farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur (P<0.001). Aspir samanı çeşitlerinin ham proteini (HP) %6.49-10.51, nötr deterjan lifi (NDF) %40.28-46.50, asit deterjan lifi (ADF) %34.79-39.73, ham külü (HK) %10.04-10.65, nispi yem değerleri (NYD) 116.79-142.67, metabolik enerjisi 7.58-8.53 MJ kg-1 KM, organik madde sindirimi (OMS) %55.11-61.88, metan üretim oranı ise %10.68-11.94 aralığında bulunmuştur. Dinçer çeşidi HP oranı %10.51 ve NDF oranı %40.28, ADF oranı %34.79 ve NYD 142.67 değerleri ile öne çıkmıştır. Metabolik enerji (ME) ve organik madde sindirimi (OMS) sırasıyla; 8.53 MJ kg-1 KM ve %61.88 olarak Linas çeşidi öne çıkmıştır. Gaz üretimleri açısından Göktürk 33.91 ml, metan üretim oranı bakımından Linas %10.68 ile öne çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak çeşitlerin potansiyel bir kaba yem kaynağı olabileceği, yem tüketim miktarları üzerine etkilerini görmek için in vivo çalışmalara gereksinim olduğu söylenebilir.

In this study, agronomic, morphological, and physiological characteristics of 10 different peanut (A. hypogaea L.) cultivars were comparatively examined. Significant differences were detected among cultivars in terms of yield, pod and seed characteristics, shelling ratio, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, and oil content. The 'Florispan' cultivar had the highest yield (485.24 kg da-1), while the 'Halisbey' cultivar stood out with both high yield (476.91 kg da-1) and the highest oil content (57.28%). Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between yield and leaf area index during flowering (r=0.21), and a negative relationship between yield and first-quality pod ratio (r=-0.31). Additionally, very strong positive correlations were found between 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight (r=0.91), and between oil content and chlorophyll b content during pod formation (r=0.59). Cluster analysis divided the cultivars into two main groups: Group X (Florispan, Sultan, Çom, Gazipaşa, Halisbey) included yield-focused cultivars, while Group Y (Masal, Georgia Green, Osmaniye-2005, Rigel, NC-7) contained quality-focused cultivars. Similarly, the examined characteristics were divided into two main clusters; Cluster A included yield and morphological characteristics, while Cluster B grouped physiological characteristics and oil content. Our findings emphasize that peanut cultivar selection should be made according to production purpose and highlight the importance of considering physiological characteristics' effects on yield and quality in breeding programs.

Introduction: This study was carried out for two years to determine the performance of different peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars in terms of yield, quality, physiological parameters, and bioactive compounds, and to identify the relationships among these traits using multivariate analysis methods. Methods: In the study, the pod yield, oil and protein content, fatty acid composition, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity parameters of 10 different peanut cultivars were examined. Results: Analysis of variance results indicated that for all parameters examined, the effects of cultivar, year, and the C × Y interaction were statistically significant ( p < 0.01). The highest pod yield was obtained from the Osmaniye 2005 (4815.70 kg ha⁻¹) and Sultan (4683.50 kg ha⁻¹) cultivars, while the highest oil content (54.95%) and oleic acid percentage (68.44%) were obtained from the Brantley cultivar. The negative correlation observed between oleic and linoleic acid ratios indicated that cultivars with high oleic acid content exhibited higher oxidative stability. Physiological analyses revealed that chlorophyll content during the pod development stage had a more pronounced positive effect on yield components compared to the flowering stage. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Heat Map results showed that the cultivars were grouped into two main clusters focused on yield and quality. Osmaniye 2005 and Sultan cultivars were identified as the most superior parental candidates for breeding programs in terms of yield, while Brantley was identified as the most superior candidate for high oil quality. Additionally, 3D surface response modeling revealed a strong correlation between yield increase and high photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant activity. Discussion: Consequently, this study may provide critical selection criteria and genetic materials for the development of new peanut cultivars with both high yield and superior oil quality.

This laboratory experiment was conducted in the Forestry Department of Bingöl University, Vocational School of Youth, in 2023. It aimed to investigate the responses of cotton genotypes to drought stress by creating osmotic pressure stresses of 0 MPa (control), -4 MPa, -6 MPa, -8 MPa, and -10 MPa using PEG 6000 chemical on the advanced lines SC32 and SC38, as well as the varieties Aşkabat 71 and May 505. Various parameters such as Root length (RL), Root Fresh Weight (RFW), Root Dry Weight (RDW), Shoot Length (SL), Shoot Fresh Weight (SFW), Shoot Dry Weight (SDW), Relative Water Content (RWC), Germination percent (GP), Vigor Seed Index (VSI), and Number of Lateral roots (NLRs) were measured. It was observed that as the severity of drought increased, the root system expanded in parallel. However, the plant’s tolerance decreased with increasing drought severity. The genotypes SC32 and SC38, which were obtained from the breeding program for developing drought-tolerant varieties, exhibited high averages in almost all drought measurement parameters, demonstrating a high level of heterosis. As a conclusion, continuing the breeding program with these genotypes was found tolerant to contribute to the success of breeding. May 505 variety showed high tolerance to drought in terms of Relative Water Content (RWC), and it also exhibited promising results in other parameters compared to G. barbadense variety Aşkabat 71 and segregating population genotypes. May 505 variety showed a high germination rate and rapid germination, suggesting its potential use as a parent in both drought and early variety breeding programs.